Stress-induced Effect Research Articles

Cryogenic rapid quenching simultaneously enhances the strength and ductility of steel–Aluminum composite plates

Roll-bonded steel–aluminum composite plates exhibit poor plasticity due to work hardening induced by severe plastic deformation. In this study, the mechanisms for improving the plasticity of steel–aluminum composite plates were investigated through liquid-nitrogen quenching from both material science and mechanical perspectives. From a materials science perspective, rapid cryogenic quenching forms numerous dislocation walls and cells within the Al matrix. These dislocation configurations effectively limit dislocation movement during tensile deformation. Additionally, the difference in thermal expansion properties between the steel and aluminum matrices generate significant microstrain near the interface, enhancing the back stress-induced strengthening effect. From a mechanical perspective, rapid cryogenic quenching increases the hardness and tensile strength of the aluminum matrix. A stronger aluminum matrix restricts the deformation of the steel matrix during tensile loading, delaying the onset of necking in the steel matrix. Additionally, the significant hardening of the aluminum matrix can cause the tensile specimen to bend, creating two potential necking points that divide the tensile strain, thereby significantly increasing the pre-necking deformation of the composite plate. Compared with untreated specimens, the tensile elongation and tensile strength of the specimens treated with rapid cryogenic quenching increased by 49.1% and 10.8%, respectively. This study provides a novel approach to simultaneously enhance the strength and plasticity of composite plates.

Improving antioxidant function, inflammatory responses, growth performance, and mortality by supplementing black cumin (Nigella Sativa) seed in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature

This study was done to investigate the effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa) powder (BCP) on oxidative stress, inflammation cytokines, hematological and biochemical change and growth performance of broilers under low ambient temperature. Total of 375 one -day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated into five treatments with five replication pens (with 15 broilers per pen). A total of 75 birds were reared in a thermoneutral (TN group) environment, and the rest of the birds (300 birds in four groups) were exposed to cold stress (CS). On d 14, CS birds' groups were fed a control diet and three levels of BCP at rates of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg (BCP-5, BCP-10, and BCP-15, respectively). The blood and heart samples were collected. On day 42, two birds per cage (n = 10/treatment) were weighed and euthanized, and samples for blood and heart were collected. Dietary BCP modulated cold-induced effects on growth performance indices, relative weight heart weight, right ventricle / total ventricle ratio, right ventricle /body weight and mortality. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in serum and liver were enhanced, and malondialdehyde was reduced by BCP supplementation compared to the CS group. The cold stress-induced effect on serum and liver levels of TNF-α and interleukin-6 were reduced, and interleukin-10 was enhanced by dietary BCP supplementation. Moreover, supplementing of diets with BCP alleviated the adverse effect of cold stress as reflected by a reduction in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, and cholesterol compared to the CS group. In conclusion, BCP supplementation during cold stress may be used to alleviate cold stress- related changes in broiler chickens.

Using the online version of the Trier Social Stress Test to investigate the effect of acute stress on functional lateralization

How stress affects functional hemispheric asymmetries is relevant because stress represents a risk factor for the development of mental disorders and various mental disorders are associated with atypical lateralization. Using three lateralization tasks, we investigated whether functional hemispheric asymmetries in the form of hemispheric dominance for language (verbal dichotic listening task), emotion processing (emotional dichotic listening task), and visuo-spatial attention (line bisection task) were affected by acute stress in healthy adults. One hundred twenty right-handed men and women performed these lateralization tasks in randomized order after exposure to a mild online stressor (i.e., an online variant of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), TSST-OL) and a non-stressful online control task (friendly TSST-OL, fTSST-OL) in a within-subjects design. Importantly, the verbal and the emotional dichotic listening tasks were presented online whereas the line bisection task was completed in paper–pencil form. During these tasks, we found the expected hemispheric asymmetries, indicating that online versions of both the verbal and the emotional dichotic listening task can be used to measure functional hemispheric asymmetries in language and emotion processing remotely. Even though subjective and physiological markers confirmed the success of the online stress manipulation, replicating previous studies, we found no stress-induced effect on functional hemispheric asymmetries. Thus, in healthy participants, functional hemispheric asymmetries do not seem to change flexibly in response to acute stress.

Communal nesting differentially attenuates the impact of pre-weaning social isolation on behavior in male and female rats during adolescence and adulthood.

Early social isolation (ESI) disrupts neurodevelopmental processes, potentially leading to long-lasting emotional and cognitive changes in adulthood. Communal nesting (CN), i.e., the sharing of parental responsibilities between multiple individuals in a nest, creates a socially enriching environment known to impact social and anxiety-related behaviors. This study examines the effects of (i) the CN condition and of (ii) ESI during the 3rd week of life (i.e., pre-weaning ESI) on motor, cognitive, and emotional domains during adolescence and adulthood in male and female rats reared in the two different housing conditions, as well as (iii) the potential of CN to mitigate the impact of ESI on offspring. We found that in a spontaneous locomotor activity test, females exhibited higher activity levels compared to males. In female groups, adolescents reared in standard housing (SH) condition spent less time in the center of the arena, suggestive of increased anxiety levels, while the CN condition increased the time spent in the center during adolescence, but not adulthood, independently from ESI. The prepulse inhibition (PPI) test showed a reduced PPI in ESI adolescent animals of both sexes and in adult males (but not in adult females), with CN restoring PPI in males, but not in adolescent females. Further, in the marble burying test SH-ESI adolescent males exhibited higher marble burying behavior than all other groups, suggestive of obsessive-compulsive traits. CN completely reversed this stress-induced effect. Interestingly, ESI and CN did not have a significant impact on burying behavior in adult animals of both sexes. Overall, our findings (i) assess the effects of ESI on locomotion, sensorimotor gating, and compulsive-like behaviors, (ii) reveal distinct vulnerabilities of males and females within these domains, and (iii) show how early-life social enrichment may successfully counteract some of the behavioral alterations induced by early-life social stress in a sex-dependent manner. This study strengthens the notion that social experiences during early-life can shape emotional and cognitive outcomes in adulthood, and points to the importance of social enrichment interventions for mitigating the negative effects of early social stress on neurodevelopment.

Chitosan oligosaccharides in the diet of broiler chickens under cold stress had anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and improved hematological and biochemical indices, cardiac index, and growth performance

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on broiler chickens under cold stress. A total of 500 one -day-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated into five treatments with five replicate pens (with 20 broiler chickens per pen). The broiler chickens in thermoneutral treatment (TN control) were reared at normal temperature, while the broiler chickens in other four treatments were subjected to the cold stress (CS) + 0, 1, 2, and 3 g COS/kg. At d 42, two broiler chickens per cage were weighed and euthanized, and samples for blood and heart were collected. Dietary COS improved growth performance indices and reduced relative heart weight, right ventricle to total ventricle ratio, right ventricle to body weight, and mortality (P < 0.01). The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in serum and liver were increased, and malondialdehyde was reduced by COS supplementation compared to the CS treatment (P < 0.01). The cold stress-induced effect on serum and liver levels of TNF-α and interleukin-1β were reduced, and interleukin-10 was increased by dietary COS supplementation (P < 0.01). Moreover, supplementing of diets with COS alleviated the adverse effect of cold stress as reflected by a reduction in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, and cholesterol compared to the CS treatment (P < 0.01). It is also, the red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, heterophil, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio reduced by COS supplementation compared to the CS treatment . In conclusion, COS supplementation during cold stress may be used to alleviate cold stress related changes in broiler chickens.

Salivary Oxytocin and Antioxidative Response to Robotic Touch in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Individuals with ASD are known to have a tendency to have tactile sensory processing issues that could be associated with their impairment as regards social communication. The alterations in tactile processing in autistic subjects are usually accompanied by hypersensitivity and other unpleasant emotions induced by tactile contact. In our study, we investigated the impact of the velocity and the force of a tactile stroke received impersonally by a custom-built robotic device. A total of 21 adults with ASD and 22 adults from a control group participated in our study. The participants' responses were assessed according to subjective scales, EEG changes, and the dynamics of saliva antioxidants and oxytocin. It was found that the oxytocin level was significantly lower in subjects with ASD but increased after tactile stimulation. However, contrary to expectations, the increase in the oxytocin level in the target group negatively correlated with the subjective pleasantness of tactile stimulation and was probably associated with a stress-induced effect. The basic levels of antioxidants did not differ between the TD and ASD groups; however, these had significantly increased in individuals with ASD by the end of the study. The EEG findings, which revealed enhanced antioxidant levels, contributed to the relief of the cognitive control during the study.

Impact of exercise on brain-bone marrow interactions in chronic stress: potential mechanisms preventing stress-induced hypertension.

We examined the effect of chronic restraint stress and the counteractive effects of daily exercise on the molecular basis of the brain-bone marrow (BM) interactions, by especially focusing on the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Male Wistar rats were assigned into control, restraint stress, and stress + daily spontaneous exercise (SE) groups. BM and hypothalamic gene expression profiles were examined through the undertaking of RT-PCR and microarrays, respectively. The inflammatory blood cell population was investigated through flow cytometry. Through the use of immunohistochemistry, we examined the presence of BM-derived C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2)-expressing microglial cells in the rat PVN. The gene expression levels of BM inflammatory factors such as those of interleukin 1 beta and CCR2, and the inflammatory blood cell population were found to be significantly higher in both restrained groups compared with control group. Interestingly, chronic restraint stress alone activated the recruitment of BM-derived CCR2-expressing microglial cells into the PVN, whereas daily spontaneous exercise prevented it. A notable finding was that restraint stress upregulated relative gene expression of hypothalamic matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), which increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and that exercise managed to normalize it. Moreover, relative expression of some hypothalamic genes directly involved in the facilitation of cell migration was downregulated by daily exercise. Our findings suggest that daily spontaneous exercise can reduce the numbers of BM-derived CCR2-expressing microglial cells into the PVN through the prevention of stress-induced changes in the hypothalamic gene expression.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic restraint stress can upregulate MMP3 gene expression in the rat hypothalamus, whereas daily spontaneous exercise can prevent this stress-induced effect. Stress-induced BM-derived inflammatory cell recruitment into the rat PVN can be prevented by daily spontaneous exercise. Stress-induced increase of hypothalamic MMP3 gene expression may be responsible for BBB injury, thereby allowing for BM-derived inflammatory cells to be recruited and to accumulate in the rat PVN, and to be subsequently involved in the onset of stress-induced hypertension.

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis CB1 receptors and the FAAH enzyme modulate anxiety behavior depending on previous stress exposure

The endocannabinoid (eCB) anandamide (AEA) is synthesized on-demand in the post-synaptic terminal and can act on presynaptic cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors, decreasing the release of neurotransmitters, including glutamate. AEA action is ended through enzymatic hydrolysis via FAAH (fatty acid amid hydrolase) in the post-synaptic neuron. eCB system molecules are widely expressed in brain areas involved in the modulation of fear and anxiety responses, including the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BNST), which is involved in the integration of autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral regulation. The presence of the CB1 and FAAH was described in the BNST; however, their role in the modulation of defensive reactions is not fully comprehended. In the present work we aimed at investigating the role of AEA and CB1 receptors in the BNST in modulating anxiety-related behaviors. Adult male Wistar rats received local BNST injections of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (0.1–0.6 nmol) and/or the FAAH inhibitor (URB597; 0.001–0.1 nmol) and were evaluated in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, with or without previous acute restraint stress (2 h) exposure, or in the contextual fear conditioning. We observed that although AM251 and URB597 had no effects on the EPM, they increased and decreased, respectively, the conditioned fear response. Supporting a possible influence of stress in these differences, URB597 was able to prevent the restraint stress-induced anxiogenic effect in the EPM. The present data, therefore, suggest that eCB signaling in the BNST is recruited during more aversive situations to counteract the stress effect.

A dynamic piezoelectric effect to promote electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide

The fluid mechanical stress-induced piezoelectric effect could remarkably boost the 2e−oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of PZT ceramics during dynamic operation.

Study on surface fatigue and metamorphic layer of raceway of hybrid ceramic ball bearing in high-speed spindle for machine tool

Performance degradation of the precision bearing originates from the surface fatigue damage, which results in the premature failure of precision bearings in high-end spindle for machine tool. A metamorphic layer forms on the upper surface of the bearing raceway under the cyclic contact stress. The microstructure of the metamorphic layer is consisted of the nanocrystalline layers paralleled to the surface of the raceway. Stress-induced effect plays an important role in the transformation from the common martensite structure to the metamorphic layer, i.e., the grain refinement. Under the cyclic contact stress, the dislocation pile-up groups form in carbide particles, and the carbide particles can even be elongated and crushed. The cracks initiate and propagate near the metamorphic layer, which lead to the peeling band, the surface fatigue damage and premature failure of the precision bearings. This finding indicates that one solution to mitigating the surface fatigue in bearing might be the surface technology application.

Trabectedin (ET-743) in prostate cancer: Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptotic effect.

Trabectedin is a chemotherapy agent originating from a tunicate, Ecteinascidia turbinata. In this study, DNA-independent action mechanisms of trabectedin are investigated in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Cell viability was assessed via XTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated via flow cytometry. Tetramethylrodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) dye was utilized to determine mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Cell cycle distribution was investigated via flow cytometric analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were monitored using fluorescence CM-H2DCFDA dye. Changes in CHOP, p-eIF2α, GRP78 and p-PERK which are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-involved proteins were investigated via western blot. Trabectedin induced cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Trabectedin decreased MMP via ROS generation in PCa cells. ER stress-related proteins CHOP, p-eIF2α, GRP78 and p-PERK were also elevated by trabectedin treatment indicating the induction of ER stress-induced apoptosis. The results of this study show that trabectedin may be an effective chemotherapeutic for PCa.

Intrinsically piezoelectric elastomer based on crosslinked polyacrylonitrile for soft electronics

Soft and elastic piezoelectric materials have critical applications in emerging fields such as wearable electronics and soft robotics. Although there is much progress towards piezoelectric elastomers, existing methods to achieve such materials rely mainly on blending piezoelectric ceramic or polymer fillers into elastomers. Here, we report a soft tissue-like polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based piezoelectric elastomer, which shows a high piezoelectric coefficient d33 of ∼ 40 pC/N and an intrinsic super-elasticity (100 % self-recovery). Moreover, ultrahigh compressibility (> 99 % strain) and stretchability (> 250 % strain) are achieved simultaneously for the elastomer. The elastomer can produce long-term stable electrical outputs and exhibit a fast piezoelectric response and high sensitivity due to the stress-induced poling effect. We proceed to demonstrate that the piezoelectric elastomers can be used for simultaneous impact protection and self-sensing, as well as continuous human pulse and complex hand movements monitoring. These results suggest that the material has potential applications for soft electronics.

Large elastocaloric effect in as-cast Ni-Mn-Sn-Fe ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

The Ni-Mn-Sn ferromagnetic shape memory alloys exhibit excellent both magnetic field-induced magnetocaloric effect and uniaxial stress-induced elastocaloric effect. However, the intrinsic brittleness and narrow refrigeration temperature regions hinder their practical applications in elastocaloric and magnetocaloric as well other fields. In this work, the as-cast Ni44-xFexMn46Sn10 (x = 1, 2, 3) alloys are prepared directly by cooling solidification. The as-cast alloys improve the mechanical properties and broaden the martensitic transformation temperature region due to the presence of dendrites. The dendrites prevent cracking formation and propagation along the grain boundaries, and the addition of Fe-atoms enriched in the interdendritic region further optimizes the mechanical performance. In addition, the as-cast Ni41Fe3Mn46Sn10 alloy exhibits a large adiabatic temperature variation up to −10.3 K at a moderate stress of 350 MPa. Accordingly, direct cooling solidification of as-cast alloys could be a novel and feasible method for studying elastocaloric cooling technology.

Quantitative Characterization of the Anisotropy of the Stress-Optical Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films Based on the Photoelastic Method.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most commonly used substrate materials in the field of flexible electronics, and its stress-induced birefringence often has a detrimental effect on the optical properties of the device. Therefore, a deep and systematic understanding of the stress-optical properties of PET films is crucial for device design and manufacture. The photoelastic method is a direct optical measurement technique based on the stress-induced birefringence effect of materials, which has the advantages of being nondestructive and noncontact. In this work, the photoelastic method was used to quantitatively characterize the anisotropy of the stress-optical properties of PET films under the uniaxial stress state. First, a self-built reflection-transmission coaxial bidirectional photoelasticity measurement system was developed by means of a combination of transmission and reflection photoelasticity. Then, the stress-optical coefficients and isoclinic angles of PET films with different stretching angles were measured. Finally, the linear combinations of the photoelastic tensor components and refractive-index-related parameters were determined by fitting the analytical relationship between the stress-optical coefficients and isoclinic angles.

Effect of Co addition on solidification velocity, hardness and refined structure transformation mechanisms of undercooled Ni-Cu-Co alloys

In this work, the effect of Co addition on the solidification velocity, hardness and refined structure transformation of the undercooled Ni-Cu-Co alloys have been systematically investigated. The results show that the grain refinement of Ni-Cu-Co ternary alloys at low undercooling is caused by the intense dendrite remelting. However, the grain refinement at high undercooling is attributed to recrystallization, and the driving force of recrystallization comes from the stresses and plastic strains accumulated by the interaction between liquid flow induced by rapid solidification and primary dendrites. The Co addition can significantly increase the solidification velocity and recalescence effect of Ni-Cu-Co alloys by increasing the number of solidified crystal nucleus and solute diffusion velocity. Under the same undercooling level, the increase of solidification velocity and recalescence effect have strengthened the remelting effect and stress accumulation, which can enlarge the critical range for grain refinement gradually. Meanwhile, due to the significant improvement of solidification velocity and stress-induced deformation effect by Co addition, the low angle GBs in the refined structure of Ni-Cu-Co alloys increase and the grain size decreases significantly, which have significantly improved the average hardness of the refined structure. When Co addition reaches 6 %, the refined structures can appear in almost the whole undercooling range and the hardness are improved by more than 100 % compared with the as-cast structure.

Embodiment of an Emotional State Concurs with a Stress-Induced Reconsolidation Impairment Effect on an Auditory Verbal Word-List Memory

Stress alters memory. Understanding how and when acute stress improves or impairs memory is a challenge. Stressors can affect memory depending on a combination of factors. Typically, mild stressors and stress hormones might promote consolidation of memory processing and impair memory retrieval. However, studies have shown that during reconsolidation, stressors may either enhance or impair recalled memory. We propose that a function of reconsolidation is to induce changes in the behavioral expression of memory. Here, we adapted the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to evaluate the effect of cold pressor stress (CPS) during the reconsolidation of this declarative memory. A decay in memory performance attributable to forgetting was found at the time of memory reactivation 5 d after training (day 6). Contrary to our initial predictions, the administration of CPS after memory reactivation impaired long-term memory expression (day 7), an effect dependent on the presence of a mismatch during Reactivation Session. No differences in recognition tests were found. To assess putative sources of the negative memory modulation effects induced during reconsolidation, current emotional state was evaluated immediately after Testing Session (day 7). An increase in arousal was revealed only when CPS was administered concurrently with memory reactivation–labilization. The possibility of integration during reconsolidation of independent associations of these emotive components in the trace is a critical factor in modulating neutral memories during reconsolidation by stressors.

Transverse light-shift in a spin-exchange relaxation-free co-magnetometer: measurement, decoupling, and suppression.

The transverse light-shift can induce non-negligible polarization error in the output signal of spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometer. In this paper, a novel method for rapid measurement of transverse light-shift based on the error of steady-state response of co-magnetometer is proposed firstly, then the sources of transverse light-shift in a compact SERF co-magnetometer is modeled and analyzed from three aspects: the non-ideal linear polarization of probe laser, the circular dichroism of the atomic spin ensembles, and the stress-induced birefringence effect of the cell wall. Furthermore, the decoupling and suppression methods of transverse light-shift based on a degree of circular polarization (DOCP) regulation scheme is presented, to realize the decoupling measurement of the transverse light-shift introduced by the whole co-magnetometer cell, and cancel it out with the non-ideal linear polarization of the probe laser. Eventually, the DOCP regulation scheme suggested in this paper achieves more than a 67% suppression ratio in transverse light-shift, and the short- and long-term performance of SERF co-magnetometer are improved due to the reduction of the coupling effect between the probe laser power and transverse field. Moreover, the measurement, decoupling and suppression methods provided in this paper also have the potential to be applied to other atomic sensors, such as the SERF magnetometers and nuclear spin co-magnetometers.

On Stress-Induced Polarization Effect in Ammonothermally Grown GaN Crystals

The results of basic ammonothermal crystallization of gallium nitride are described. The material is mainly analyzed in terms of the formation of stress (called stress-induced polarization effect) and defects (threading dislocations) appearing due to a stress relaxation process. Gallium nitride grown in different positions of the crystallization zone is examined in cross-polarized light. Interfaces between native ammonothermal seeds and new-grown gallium nitride layers are investigated in ultraviolet light. The etch pit densities in the seeds and the layers is determined and compared. Based on the obtained results a model of stress and defect formation is presented. New solutions for improving the structural quality of basic ammonothermal gallium nitride crystals are proposed.

Stress-induced gradient rejuvenation framework and memory effect in a metallic glass

Rejuvenation of metallic glasses (MGs) brings them in higher-energy states, which improves their mechanical properties. However, how to rejuvenate MGs through a fast and simple approach is still a challenge. In the present work, a nonuniform structure consisting of a center-relaxation region surrounded by an edge-gradient-rejuvenation framework was created in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) by lateral elastostatic preloading. Such a nonuniform structure greatly suppresses the rapid propagation of shear bands and has the potential to overcome the inverted relationship between strength and plasticity. More interestingly, we found a stress-induced memory effect, viz., the recovery of relaxation enthalpy during elastostatic loading, which is quite different from the thermal-induced memory effect in previous works. This indicates a certain degree of equivalence between stress and temperature in the dynamics of MGs.

Stress-induced giant magneto-impedance effect of amorphous CoFeNiSiPB ribbon with magnetic field annealing

The development of high-performance magnetic field-sensitive materials is in urgent need for magnetic sensors. In this paper, the effect of magnetic field annealing on the soft magnetic properties, thermal stability and stress-induced giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect of Co69Fe5.5Ni1Si14.5-xPxB10 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) amorphous alloys were investigated in detail. Thermal analysis shows that replacing Si with a small amount of P can increase the thermal stability of the amorphous alloys. The permeability of the samples with magnetic field annealing is about 150% higher than that of the samples with stress-relieve annealing. The stress-induced GMI (GSI) results show that when the applied tensile stress is 0 MPa, 100 MPa, and 300 MPa, the maximum GMI ratio of the 1 at. % P-doping alloy with magnetic field annealing first increases from 76.6% to 102.8% and then decreases to 82%. Under the optimized measurement conditions, the magnetic field response sensitivity ξ of the Co69Fe5.5Ni1Si13.5P1B10 ribbon reached to 35.3%/Oe, the GSI ratio reached 34.3%, which has significant improvement compared to that of the stress-relieve annealing samples. Therefore, the magnetic field annealing technique greatly improved the GSI effect of the Co-based amorphous alloys, and the results obtained show a new way to develop high-performance GSI sensor materials and can be used in the construction of stress sensors.