Strength Profile Research Articles

Angle-specific torque profiles of concentric and eccentric thigh muscle strength 20 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury

ABSTRACT Thigh muscle weakness prevails following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, as usually evaluated by peak concentric quadriceps strength. Assessment throughout the range of motion (ROM), and for antagonists may provide more comprehensive information. We evaluated angle-specific torque profiles and ratios of isokinetic thigh muscle strength in 70 individuals 23 ± 2 years post-ACL injury (44males, 46.9 ± 5.4 years); 33 treated with ACL-reconstruction (ACL-R), and 37 treated only with physiotherapy (ACL-PT), and 33 controls. Quadriceps and hamstrings torques for concentric/eccentric contractions (90°/s) and ratios between hamstrings/quadriceps strength (HQ) were compared between and within groups using inferential functional data methods. The injured ACL-R leg had lower concentric and eccentric quadriceps strength compared to non-injured leg throughout the ROM, and lower concentric (interval 70–79°) and eccentric (64–67°) quadriceps strength compared to controls. The injured ACL-PT leg showed lower eccentric quadriceps strength (53–77°) than non-injured leg and lower concentric (41–79°) and eccentric (52–81°) quadriceps and eccentric hamstrings (30–77°) strength than controls. There were no group differences for HQ-ratios. The injured ACL-R leg had higher HQ-ratio (34–37°) than non-injured leg. Angle-specific torque profiles revealed strength deficits, masked if using only peak values, and seem valuable for ACL-injury rehabilitation.

Analyzing the Effects of a Basin on Atmospheric Environment Relevant to Optical Turbulence

The performance of adaptive optics (AO) systems are highly dependent upon optical turbulence. Thus, it is necessary to have the appropriate knowledge of the spatiotemporal characteristics of optical turbulence strength. In this paper, the spatiotemporal distribution of meteorological parameters (wind and temperature) and optical turbulence parameters (turbulence strength, temperature gradient, and wind shear) derived from pulsed coherent Doppler lidar, a microwave radiometer, and ERA5 reanalysis data are investigated, and the results show that the meteorological parameters in a basin develop independently, while the external influence will increase above the basin. By fitting radiosonde data, an existing parameterized model was improved to be more in line with the evolutionary properties of local optical turbulence. The development of temperature gradient and wind shear is influenced by the basin, which ultimately leads to an optical turbulence vertical profile that is discrepant at different altitude layers. The results indicate that temperature gradient plays a dominant role in turbulence generation below 2 km, and wind shear increases its impact significantly above 2 km. Furthermore, the optical turbulence parameters (outer scale, turbulence diffusion coefficient, and turbulence energy dissipation rate) and optical turbulence strength have good consistency, which might be derived from the combined effect of terrain and complex environment. Finally, the integrated parameters for astronomy and optical telecommunication were derived from optical turbulence strength profiles. An appropriate knowledge of optical turbulence is essential for improving the performance of adaptive optics systems and astronomical site selection.

Character strengths of women with polycystic ovary syndrome in a single center.

PurposeTo investigate the difference in character strengths (CSs) between patients with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the association between biological (i.e., testosterone levels) and psychological factors (i.e., character strengths).Patients and methodsA total of 99 women divided into PCOS (49) and non-PCOS (50) groups who presented to the gynecological clinics at the women’s center in the American University of Beirut Medical Center in 2017 were included. Women were assessed for testosterone bioavailable levels and completed a questionnaire that included Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Values in Action Survey-72. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to examine the association of CSs between the two groups and its predictors.ResultsThe scores of hope, judgement, perspective, and transcendence of the PCOS group were significantly higher in comparison with healthy participants. An increase in free androgen index was negatively correlated to the score of judgement only.ConclusionWomen with PCOS have their own profile of character strengths and virtues that constitute judgement, hope, perspective, and transcendence. This in turn can be utilized to reinforce those personality strengths and thus decrease the psychological distress and mood disorders accompanied with this disease.

Profil Kemampuan Aerobic Endurance, Maximum Strength, Power dan Strength Endurance Atlet MMA Klub Iron Sheep Kabupaten Garut

This study aims to determine the profile of aerobic endurance, maximum strength, power and endurance of MMA athletes at the Iron Sheep Club, Garut Regency. The components measured were components of physical condition, namely aerobic endurance, maximum strength, explosive power and strength endurance. This type of research is descriptive research. The method used is a survey, with data collection techniques using tests and measurements. The research design uses a simple paradigm using the One-shot method approach. The population in this study were all athletes, totaling 10 people using a total sampling technique. The instruments used are; (1) aerobic endurance was measured using a bleep test in minutes, (2) maximum strength was measured using a bench press test in kilograms, (3) strength was measured using push ups in seconds, (4) strength endurance was measured by pulling ups in units of seconds. Data analysis used descriptive percentage. The results showed that the profile of the physical condition of the MMA athletes at the Iron Sheep Club of Garut Regency was in the very low 10%, low 30%, moderate 40%, high 10% and very high 10% categories.

Geotechnical characterization and stability analysis of subaqueous slopes in Lake Lucerne (Switzerland)

Tsunamis occur not only in marine settings but also in lacustrine environments. Most of the lacustrine tsunamis are caused by seismically- or aseismically-triggered mass movements. Therefore, an assessment of the stability of subaqueous slopes is crucial for tsunami hazard assessment in a lake. We selected Lake Lucerne (Switzerland) as a natural laboratory to perform an in-depth geotechnical characterization of its subaqueous slopes. This lake experienced documented tsunamis in 1601 and 1687. Some of its slopes still bear sediment volumes with a potential for tsunamigenic failure. To identify such slopes, we interpreted available reflection seismic data and analyzed the bathymetric map. Then, we performed 152 dynamic Cone Penetration Tests with pore pressure measurement (CPTu) and retrieved 49 sediment cores at different locations in the lake. These data were used to characterize the failure-prone sediments and to evaluate the present-day static stability of subaqueous slopes. Obtained results allowed the definition of three classes of slopes in terms of static stability: unstable slopes, stable slopes close to the unstable state, and stable areas. Non-deltaic slopes with thicker unconsolidated fine-grained sediment drape and moderate-to-high slope gradients (> 5–10°) have the lowest Factor of Safety. In agreement with previous studies, the failure plane for the non-deltaic slopes is embedded within the fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments. Deltaic slopes with prevailing coarse-grained sediments mostly appear statically stable. Finally, we generalized the measured undrained shear strength profiles {s}_{u}(z) into the depth-dependent power-law models. These models define the {s}_{u} of Lake Lucerne’s sediments and can be applied to other lakes with similar sedimentation history.

Metabolic footprint in young, middle-aged and elderly rats with melatonin deficit

The pineal gland is suggested to be an essential area involved in the programming of fertility, growth, aging, and death of mammals via the released hormone melatonin.The present study aimed to ascertain the effect of melatonin deficit on several physiological and metabolic parameters, closely associated with the aging process, at certain stages of ontogenesis. Sham and rats with pinealectomy, operated at ages 3, 14, and 18-months, respectively, were tested two months later. Sham rats demonstrated an age-related decline of muscle strength, exercise endurance, motor activity, food intake, calorimetric parameters, and impaired lipid profile. Pinealectomy reduced the maximal time to exhaustion and body weight gain while diminished motor activity, food intake, O2 consumption, CO2 production, and energy expenditure during the Dark phase in the youngest rat group. In addition, melatonin deficit elevated arterial blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure) and increased serum glucose and triglyceride level in 3-month-old rats while decreased the liver enzyme activity in 14-month-old rats. In conclusion, the present study brought new insights confirming the complex impact of melatonin deficit on important physiological, metabolic and biochemical markers related to aging and demonstrated for the first time that the lack of melatonin hormone is harmful in young adult rats.

Smart mucoadhesive buccal chitosan/ HPMC scaffold for sore throat: In vitro, ex vivo and pharmacokinetic profiling in humans

Sore throat (ST) is exacerbated distress of throat which causes irritation during drinking and swallowing. It is conventionally treated with throat soothing lozenges or spray for symptomatic control. However, it may effectively be cured by providing sustained delivery of locally acting antiseptic and anesthetic agents for local relief. Therefore, aim of the current research was to deliver tibezonium iodide (TBN) and lignocaine hydrochloride (LGN) for the relief of sore throat as a smart mucoadhesive buccal delivery. The gel scaffolds were developed using homogenization technique and evaluated for solid-state, mucoadhesive and pharmacokinetic parameters in volunteers. Results obtained for FTIR, DSC and XRPD revealed no abnormal peak and incompatibility between ingredients in physical mixture. Sodium alginate (SA) alone or blended with chitosan (CHI) exhibited better swelling (106.1% in MG6) but did not show sustained release, mucoadhesive strength (MS) and time (FT) profile compared with CHI and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose HPMC based formulations. The MS and FT were improved when CHI and HPMC were combined. The desired 6 h complete in vitro release was exhibited when CHI and HPMC were formulated at a concentration of 4 and 2% w/v, respectively. It also depicted MS and FT values of 28.34 g and 249.4 min, respectively. In volunteers, the in vivo residence time (RT) was found to be 341.82 min in volunteers. The maximum salivary concentrations (Cmax) for LGN and TBN were calculated to be 40.83 and 20.2 μg/mL at 4 h (tmax), respectively. Conclusively, LGN and TBN can delivered together to release locally till 6 h as smart buccal scaffold alternative to lozenges for sore throat.

Multi-stage evolution of the South Tibetan Detachment System in central Himalaya: Insights from carbonate-bearing rocks

Low-angle normal faults (LANFs) are increasingly described in collisional orogens and are getting attention in modelling in regard to mass distributions, exhumation history, and the rheology of the continental crust during plate collision. Their kinematic evolution, however, is still not fully understood. We present a microstructural study of a key example of a LANF in a syn-collisional setting, i.e., the ductile portion of the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) in the Lower Dolpo region (central Himalaya). New data are provided on microstructural characteristics, crystallographic preferred orientations of calcite and quartz as well as of paleopiezometric and kinematic vorticity analyses. Two main stages of non-coaxial shearing from lower to higher crustal levels, here referred as D2early and D2late, are recognized. D2early developed higher temperatures (c. 600–400 °C traced up-section within the STDS) and at low differential stress (<15 MPa). D2late occurred at lower temperatures (T < 350 °C) and differential stress larger than 100 MPa at comparable strain rates with D2early. Cooling and differential stress increased from D2early to D2late, indicating progressive exhumation following typical lithospheric strength profiles. Vorticity data highlight a pure shear component that can account for the up-section telescoping of the paleo-isotherms. Our findings support a strain hardening of the STDS, where ductile shearing persisted to shallower levels, without necessarily localizing a prominent upper brittle fault.

Experimental analysis of improved bearing capacity in offshore foundations due to thermal consolidation

The anchoring of floating platforms is one of many processes in the oil industry that requires innovative strategies. In this respect, there is interest in developing techniques that improve the shear strength of soft soils in order to increase the bearing capacity of offshore foundations anchored in these soils. Normally consolidated clay soil is known to undergo thermal consolidation when submitted to temperature cycles. The present study aimed to assess the impact of a temperature cycle on soft kaolin clay using a reduced-scale physical model submitted to heating at maximum temperatures of 85 °C and 65 °C, followed by cooling. Variables such as pore pressure, temperature at different soil depths and displacement were monitored during the thermal cycle to better understand the phenomenon. The strength profile before and after heating was determined via T-bar tests conducted in different positions in relation to the heat source. The temperature variation increased the undrained shear strength of the soil directly proportional to the temperature applied and inversely proportional to the radial distance from the heat source, reaching improvements of 123%. In this respect, it is believed that applying a temperature cycle to normally consolidated soft clayey soil can improve the pullout capacity of offshore foundations.

A Review of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Structures

This paper reviews Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites in Civil Engineering applications. Three FRP types are used in Structural Engineering: FRP profiles for new construction, FRP rebars and FRP strengthening systems. Basic materials (fibres and resins), manufacturing processes and material properties are discussed. The focus of the paper is on all-FRP new-build structures and their joints. All-FRP structures use pultruded FRP profiles. Their connections and joints use bolting, bonding or a combination of both. For plate-to-pate connections, effects of geometry, fibre direction, type and rate of loading, bolt torque and bolt hole clearance, and washers on failure modes and strength are reviewed. FRP beam-columns joints are also reviewed. The joints are divided into five categories: web cleated, web and flange cleated, high strength, plate bolted and box profile joints. The effect of both static and cyclic loading on joints is studied. The joints’ failure modes are also discussed.

Preliminary Study on the Connection Between the Mineral Profile of Horse Hooves and Tensile Strength Based on Body Weight, Sex, Age, Sampling Location, and Riding Disciplines.

Hoof mineral profile is important as it could affect locomotion. Factors such as body weight, sex, age, and riding disciplines affect hoof mineral profile. In Mexico and globally, studies are needed on the characterization of mineral profile of hooves and tensile strength, as this could help to prevent overgrowth or microfractures. Therefore, in the present survey, 165 samples of equine hoof cuttings from different sex, ages, breeds, and riding disciplines from different regions of Mexico were analyzed for their mineral composition, and a universal testing machine was used to measure tensile strength. More than half of the samples were from males (63%) and aged 3 to 5 years (52%). Most samples were obtained from horses used for reproduction (36%) and working (29%) purposes. The most preponderant minerals were K (3,416 μg/g), Na (2,242 μg/g), and Ca (631 μg/g). Tensile strength ranged from 1.2 to 45 N. Females had higher (P < 0.05) amounts of Zn than males. Animals younger than 3 years old have lower (P < 0.05) levels of Na than those between 3 and 5 years old. Horses used for reproduction had lower (P < 0.05) Mg concentrations than animals used for running and working. Tensile strength was similar between demographic characteristics. Horses from Santa Gertrudis military ranch had higher (P < 0.05) levels of Ca, Se, and Na compared with horses from other sampling location. Copper was higher (P < 0.05) in horses from racecourse. Potassium was higher (P < 0.05) in horses from the Presidential General Staff. Overall, there was no evident connection between sex, ages, breeds, and riding disciplines from different regions of Mexico and the mineral composition of the hoof or its tensile strength. Further research should focus on the relation on specific feeding regimes, horse individual characteristic, hoof mineral contents, and tensile strength.

Physical modeling of thermal improvement in normally consolidated and overconsolidated soil

Knowledge of the soil-temperature relation and its peculiarities have been widely discussed in Geotechnics. Previous studies show that heated fine-grained soil induces pore pressure, and as a result, the soil exhibits a consolidation effect similar to that of conventional consolidation when pore pressure is dissipated. The outcome of this process depends on soil characteristics such as the overconsolidation ratio and plasticity. Consolidated soil typically induces positive pore pressure while overconsolidated one induces negative pore pressure when heated. The phenomenon described was explored in this study aimed at the thermal consolidation product regarding the decrease in void ratio and consequent increase in undrained shear strength (Su) of a soil submitted to heating. These aspects were investigated using physical models at 1g gravity field, built on a laboratory scale. The heat source was placed inside a driven torpedo pile model in a medium consisting of a kaolin and metakaolin mixture. The undrained shear strength profile was defined by T-Bar tests involving different effective stresses and consolidation temperatures. The results show that for both mediums (normally consolidated and overconsolidated), undrained shear strength tends to grow proportionally to the temperature variation and permanent volume change is reached after a heating-cooling cycle. On the other hand, undrained shear strength indicates less significant variations for higher overconsolidation ratios.

Parenting in the Context of the Child: Genetic and Social Processes.

The focus on the role of parenting in child development has a long-standing history. When measures of parenting precede changes in child development, researchers typically infer a causal role of parenting practices and attitudes on child development. However, this research is usually conducted with parents raising their own biological offspring. Such research designs cannot account for the effects of genes that are common to parents and children, nor for genetically influenced traits in children that influence how they are parented and how parenting affects them. The aim of this monograph is to provide a clearer view of parenting by synthesizing findings from theEarly Growth and Development Study (EGDS). EGDS is a longitudinal study of adopted children, their birth parents, and their rearing parents studied across infancy and childhood. Families (N = 561) were recruited in the United States through adoption agencies between 2000 and 2010. Data collection began when adoptees were 9 months old (males = 57.2%; White 54.5%, Black 13.2%, Hispanic/Latinx 13.4%, Multiracial 17.8%, other 1.1%). The median child age at adoption placement was 2 days (M = 5.58, SD = 11.32). Adoptive parents were predominantlyin their 30s, White, andcoming from upper-middle- or upper-class backgrounds with high educational attainment (a mode at 4-year college or graduate degree). Mostadoptive parents were heterosexual couples, andweremarried at the beginning of the project. The birth parent sample was more racially and ethnically diverse, but the majority (70%) were White. At the beginning of the study, most birth mothers and fathers were in their 20s, with a mode of educational attainment at high school degree, and few of them were married. We have been following these family members over time, assessing their genetic influences, prenatal environment, rearing environment, and child development. Controlling for effects of genes common to parents and children, we confirmed some previously reported associations between parenting, parent psychopathology, and marital adjustment in relation to child problematic and prosocial behavior. We also observed effects of children's heritable characteristics, characteristics thought to be transmitted from parent to child by genetic means, on their parents and how those effects contributed to subsequent child development. For example, we found that genetically influenced child impulsivity and social withdrawal both elicited harsh parenting, whereas a genetically influenced sunny disposition elicited parental warmth. We found numerous instances of children's genetically influenced characteristics that enhanced positive parental influences on child development or that protected them from harsh parenting. Integrating our findings, we propose a new, genetically informed process model of parenting. We posit that parents implicitly or explicitly detect genetically influenced liabilities and assets in their children. We also suggest future research into factors such as marital adjustment, that favor parents responding with appropriate protection or enhancement. Our findings illustrate a productive use of genetic information in prevention research: helping parents respond effectively to a profile of child strengths and challenges rather than using genetic information simply to identify some children unresponsive to current preventive interventions.

Calculation and Analysis of Constraint Profile for Turbine Strength of a Micro Aeroengine

Calculation and Analysis of Constraint Profile for Turbine Strength of a Micro Aeroengine

Abstract EP13: Grip Strength, Obesity, And Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among The Elder Population In Taiwan

Background: Sarcopenia and obesity have become important public health and clinical issues worldwide, especially in an aging society like Taiwan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiometabolic risk factors among the different weight status and grip strength status among elder individuals in Taiwan. Methods: We administered a series of community-based health surveys among the elder population in Chiayi County, Taiwan, from 2017 to 2019. Anthropometric characteristics, handgrip strength, and cardiometabolic risk profiles were measured using standard methods. History of chronic diseases was also asked. The questionnaires, including questions regarding any history of chronic diseases, were administered to the subjects under the assistance of a research technician. Results: This study recruited 3739 subjects (1600 males and 2139 females). The non-obese group had lower blood glucose (BG) levels compared to the obese group (100.3 ± 32.2 mg/dl vs 109.1 ± 34.3 mg/dl for the male subjects; 102.8 ± 32.1 mg/dl vs. 112.5 ± 40.3 mg/dl for the female subjects). The grip strength was negatively associated with BG in both sexes (β = –0.357, p &lt; 0.001 for the male subjects male and β = –0.385, p &lt; 0.05 for the female subjects). Relationship between the grip strength and the risk of cardiometabolic disease showed that for every 1 kg increase in the grip strength, there was a 4.1% and 4.5% decrease in the risk for developing diabetes in male and female subjects, respectively (OR = 0.959, 95% CI = 0.940-0.979 for males and OR = 0.955, 95% CI = 0.932-0.978 for females). Conclusions: A higher handgrip strength is associated with a lower BG level and lower risk for developing diabetes mellitus among elder population in Taiwan. Health promotion studies to increase muscle mass along with early rehabilitation programs should focus on the obese and sarcopenic population to prevent cardiometabolic comorbidities.

Lycopene Improves Bone Quality and Regulates AGE/RAGE/NF-кB Signaling Pathway in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Objective This study was aimed at examining the effects of lycopene on bone metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)- induced obese mice and to identify the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods Mice were fed a HFD for 12 weeks and then continue with or without lycopene intervention (15 mg/kg) for additional 10 weeks. The effects of lycopene on blood glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by biochemical assays. Bone histomorphological features and osteoclast activity were assessed by hematoxylin/eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Bone microstructure at the proximal tibial metaphysis and diaphysis was determined by microcomputed tomography. Tibial biomechanical strength and material profiles were measured by a three-point bending assay and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Protein expressions involved in the AGE/RAGE/NF-кB signaling pathway were determined by western blot and/or immunohistochemical staining. Results Lycopene consumption reduced body weight gain and improved blood glucose and lipid metabolism in HFD-induced obese mice. In addition, lycopene treatment preserved bone biomechanical strength, material profiles, and microarchitecture in obese mice. Moreover, these alterations were associated with an increase in serum levels of T-AOC and SOD, and a decline in serum levels of MDA, as well as a reduction of AGEs, RAGE, cathepsin K, and p-NF-кBp65 and NF-кBp65 expressions in the femurs and tibias of obese mice. Conclusion Lycopene may improve bone quality through its antioxidant properties, which may be linked with the regulation of the AGE/RAGE/NF-кB signaling pathway in obese mice. These results suggest that lycopene consumption may be beneficial for the management of obesity-induced osteoporosis.

The Reliability of Telepractice Administration of the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised in Persons With Primary Progressive Aphasia.

The use of telepractice in the field of communication disorders offers an opportunity to provide care for those with primary progressive aphasia (PPA). The Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R) is used for differential diagnosis, to assess severity of aphasia, and to identify a language profile of strengths and challenges. Telehealth administration of the WAB-R is supported for those with chronic aphasia due to stroke but has not yet been systematically explored in neurodegenerative dementia syndromes. To fill this gap, in-person and telehealth performance on the WAB-R from participants with mild to moderate PPA was compared. Nineteen participants with mild to moderate PPA were administered the WAB-R in person and over videoconferencing. Videoconferencing administration included modifications to the testing protocol to ensure smooth completion of the assessment. Subtest and Aphasia Quotient (WAB-AQ) summary scores were compared using concordance coefficients to measure the relationship between the administration modes. In-person and telehealth scores showed strong concordance for the WAB-AQ, Auditory Verbal Comprehension subtest, and Naming & Word Finding subtest. The Spontaneous Speech test summary score had slightly lower concordance, indicating the need for caution when comparing these scores across administration modes. These findings support extending the use of telehealth administration of the WAB-R via videoconferencing to those with mild to moderate PPA given appropriate modifications to testing protocol.

Computational Thinking Assessment – Towards More Vivid Interpretations

Computational thinking (CT) is an important 21st-century skill. This paper aims at more useful CT assessment. Available evaluation instruments are reviewed; two generally accepted CT evaluation tools are selected for a comprehensive CT assessment: the CTt, a performance test, and the CTS, a self-assessment instrument. The sample comprises 202 high school students from German-speaking Switzerland. Concerning the CTt, Rasch-scalability is demonstrated. Utilizing the approach of the PISA studies, proficiency levels are formed that comprise tasks with specific characteristics that students are systematically able to master. This could help teachers to offer individual support to their students. In terms of the CTS, the original version is refined using confirmatory factor and measurement-invariance analysis. A latent profile analysis yielded four profiles, two of which are of particular interest. One profile comprises students with, on the one hand, moderate to high creative thinking ability, cooperativity, and critical thinking skills and, on the other hand, low algorithmic thinking ability. The second remarkable profile consists of students with particularly low cooperativity. Based on these strength and weakness profiles, teachers could offer support tailored to student needs.

Profiles of Psychological Strengths on Symptom Distress, Recovery, and Quality of Life Among Young Adults with a History of Adolescent Psychiatric Hospitalization.

The current study surveyed 166 young adults (ages 20-35) with a history of adolescent psychiatric hospitalization to identify profiles of psychological strengths (self-determination, identity commitment, and low mental health self-stigma) and to examine their association with symptom distress, recovery, and quality of life in young adulthood. Over half of all participants (51%) reported a high quality of life, and over one-third (40%) were not experiencing clinically-significant psychiatric symptoms. k-means cluster analysis identified three distinct profiles: low psychological strengths, mixed, and high strengths. Multiple regression analyses indicated the high strengths profile was significantly associated with lower symptom distress, higher recovery, and higher quality of life after controlling for demographics, psychiatric history, treatment experience, and psychiatric interference in school and relationships during adolescence. Findings have implications for targeted support and services based on psychological profile, including family support, interventions to support medication management such as shared decision-making, and peer support.

Probabilistic failure envelopes of strip foundations on soils with non-stationary characteristics of undrained shear strength

This paper investigates probabilistic failure envelopes of strip foundations on spatially variable soils with profiles of undrained shear strength, su, linearly increasing with depth using lower-bound random finite-element limit analysis. The spatially variable suis characterised by a non-stationary random field with linearly increasing mean and constant coefficient of variation (COV) with depth. The deterministic uniaxial capacities and failure envelopes are first derived to validate the numerical models and provide a reference for the subsequent probabilistic analysis. Results indicate that the random field parameters COVsu(the COV of su) and Δ (dimensionless autocorrelation distance) have a considerable effect on the probabilistic normalised uniaxial capacities, which alters the size of the probabilistic failure envelopes. However, an insignificant effect of COVsuand Δ on the shape of probabilistic failure envelopes is observed in the V–H, V–M and H–M loading spaces, such that failure envelopes for different soil variabilities can be simply scaled by the uniaxial capacities. In contrast to COVsuand Δ, the soil strength heterogeneity index κ = μkB/μsu0has the lowest effect on the probabilistic normalised uniaxial capacity factors, but the highest effect on the shape of the probabilistic failure envelopes. A series of expressions is proposed to describe the shape of deterministic and probabilistic failure envelopes for strip foundations under combined vertical, horizontal and moment (V–H–M) loading.