Transition Strengths Research Articles

Electric field effect on the intersubband optical absorption of GeSn quantum wells with parabolically graded barriers

In this study, we propose a theoretical simulation of a Ge0.9Sn0.1 rectangular SQW with GeSn parabolically graded barriers (PGBs) in the terahertz (THz) region. The discrete intra-band confined energy levels and their matching wave functions were calculated by solving the stationary Schrödinger equation by the finite difference method taking into account the Compact Density Matrix approach under the framework of both the effective mass and the envelope wave function approximations. In this work, we studied the effect of the quantum square-well width on the intersubband transition and oscillator strength in a GeSn-strained-based Barrier-Well-Barrier GeSn/(Ge,α-Sn) PGBs to obtain the optimum quantum confinement of electrons. The electronic states and their wave functions in the conduction band were computed by solving the Schrödinger equation without and under the effect of an applied external electric field at room temperature. We then investigated the effect of the electric field on the optical absorption coefficient (OAC). Our numerical results show that for external fields (>15 kV/cm), an intersubband transitions (ISBTs) frequency band of 2–14 THz (8–58 meV) was obtained for the specific optimized parameters. These results should be beneficial to the design of devices based on GeSn QWs with PGB structures operating in the THz frequency range.

Improvement of metal–insulator transition and mechanical strength of RENiO3 by co-sintering

Rare-earth nickelates (RENiO3: RE≠La) exhibit metal–insulator transition (MIT) properties that enable potential applications, such as critical temperature resistance thermistors, optoelectronic switches, and correlated logical devices. Nevertheless, their abrupt structural distortion across MIT results in mechanical stresses and forms microcracks within the bulk RENiO3, and this irreversibly reduces their resistive change during MIT that further impedes their practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate a compositing strategy that simultaneously improves the MIT performances and mechanical strength of RENiO3 by introducing a secondary phase of perovskite oxides with similar lattice parameters and high resistivity. Despite its much higher resistivity compared to RENiO3 (e.g., RE = Sm or Pr), introducing the LaMnO3 compositing phase under high oxygen pressure surprisingly reduces the matrix resistivity. Furthermore, such a compositing process (e.g., 20% LaMnO3) also effectively improves the mechanical strength of RENiO3 by eight times. Such counterintuitive variations are attributed to the similar structure and lattice parameter between RENiO3 and the perovskite composites that modify the grain boundary. As a result, the resistive change is more abrupt across MIT owing to the reduction in the resistivity associated with the grain boundary, while the defect generation and propagation are also suppressed that improves the mechanical properties. This further pave the way to the application of bulk RENiO3 as discrete devices in correlated electronics.

Strengthening-softening transition and maximum strength in Schwarz nanocrystals

Recently, a Schwarz crystal structure with curved grain boundaries (GBs) constrained by twin-boundary (TB) networks was discovered in nanocrystalline Cu through experiments and atomistic simulations. Nanocrystalline Cu with nanosized Schwarz crystals exhibited high strength and excellent thermal stability. However, the grain-size effect and associated deformation mechanisms of Schwarz nanocrystals remain unknown. Here, we performed large-scale atomistic simulations to investigate the deformation behaviors and grain-size effect of nanocrystalline Cu with Schwarz crystals. Our simulations showed that similar to regular nanocrystals, Schwarz nanocrystals exhibit a strengthening-softening transition with decreasing grain size. The critical grain size in Schwarz nanocrystals is smaller than that in regular nanocrystals, leading to a maximum strength higher than that of regular nanocrystals. Our simulations revealed that the softening in Schwarz nanocrystals mainly originates from TB migration (or detwinning) and annihilation of GBs, rather than GB-mediated processes (including GB migration, sliding and diffusion) dominating the softening in regular nanocrystals. Quantitative analyses of simulation data further showed that compared with those in regular nanocrystals, the GB-mediated processes in Schwarz nanocrystals are suppressed, which is related to the low volume fraction of amorphous-like GBs and constraints of TB networks. The smaller critical grain size arises from the suppression of GB-mediated processes.

Chromophore Planarity, -BH Bridge Effect, and Two-Photon Activity: Bi- and Ter-Phenyl Derivatives as a Case Study.

In this work, we have employed electronic structure theories to explore the effect of the planarity of the chromophore on the two-photon absorption properties of bi- and ter-phenyl systems. To that end, we have considered 11 bi- and 7 ter-phenyl-based chromophores presenting a donor-π-acceptor architecture. In some cases, the planarity has been enforced by bridging the rings at ortho-positions by -CH2 and/or -BH, -O, -S, and -NH moieties. The results presented herein demonstrate that in bi- and ter-phenyl systems, the planarity achieved via a -CH2 bridge increases the 2PA activity. However, the introduction of a bridge with the -BH moiety perturbs the electronic structure to a large extent, thus diminishing the two-photon transition strength to the lowest electronic excited state. As far as two-photon absorption activity is concerned, this work hints toward avoiding -BH bridge(s) to enforce planarity in bi- and ter-phenyl systems; however, one may use -CH2 bridge(s) to achieve the enhancement of the property in question. All of these conclusions have been supported by in-depth analyses based on generalized few-state models.

Spontaneous Raman scattering from vibrational polaritons is obscured by reservoir states.

Vibrational strong coupling results from the interaction between optically allowed molecular vibrational excitations and the resonant mode of an infrared cavity. Strong coupling leads to the formation of hybrid states, known as vibrational polaritons, which are readily observed in transmission measurements and a manifold of the reservoir states. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy of vibrational polaritons is elusive and has recently been the focus of both theoretical and experimental investigations. Because Raman measurements are frequently performed with high-numerical aperture excitation/collection optics, the angular dispersion of the strongly coupled system must be carefully considered. Herein, we experimentally investigated vibrational polaritons involving dispersive collective lattice resonances of infrared antenna arrays. Despite clear indications of the strong coupling to vibrational excitations in the transmission spectrum; we found that Raman spectra do not bear signatures of the polaritonic transitions. Detailed measurements indicate that the disappearance of the Raman signal is not due to the polariton dispersion in our samples. On the other hand, the Tavis-Cummings-Holstein model that we employed to interpret our results suggests that the ratio of the Raman transition strengths between the reservoir and the polariton states scales according to the number of strongly coupled molecules. Because the vibrational transitions are relatively weak, the number of molecules required to achieve strong coupling conditions is about 109 per unit cell of the array of infrared antennas. Therefore, the scaling predicted by the Tavis-Cummings-Holstein model can explain the absence of the polariton signatures in spontaneous Raman scattering experiments.

Gravitational waves from SU(N)/SP(N) composite Higgs models

We study possible strong first-order electroweak phase transitions in Composite Higgs models and we quantify the part of parameter space that can be probed with future gravitational wave experiments. We focus on models where the Composite Higgs sector arises from underlying four-dimensional strongly interacting gauge theories with fermions, and where the Standard Model fermion masses are induced via linear mixing terms with composite fermions — the so-called fermion partial compositeness framework. We perform our analysis for the general class of Composite Higgs models arising from N Weyl fermions in a pseudo-real representation of the new strongly interacting gauge group that dynamically triggers the global chiral symmetry breaking pattern SU(N) → Sp(N). The minimal model has N = 4 and for N > 4 the models feature complex scalar dark matter candidates arising as pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons. We find a large number of points in the models parameter space which yield strong first-order electroweak phase transitions and identify the most important operators characterizing the strength of the phase transition. Almost all of these points are testable with future GW detectors such as LISA, Taiji, Tianqin, BBO, DECIGO and Ultimate-DECIGO.

Oscillator strength and cross section study of the valence-shell excitations of NO2 by fast electron scattering

Abstract Oscillator strengths and cross sections of the valence-shell excitations in NO2 are of great significance in testing the theoretical calculations and monitoring the state of ozone layer in the earth’s atmosphere. In the present work, the generalized oscillator strengths of the valence-shell excitations in NO2 were obtained based on the fast electron scattering technique at an incident electron energy of 1.5 keV and an energy resolution of about 70 meV. By extrapolating the generalized oscillator strengths to the limit of a zero squared momentum transfer, the optical oscillator strengths for the dipole-allowed transitions have been obtained, which provide an independent cross check to the previous experimental results. Based on the BE-scaling method, the corresponding integral cross sections have also been derived systematically from the excitation threshold to 5000 eV. The present dynamic parameters can provide the fundamental spectroscopic data of NO2 and have important applications in the studies of atmospheric science.Oscillator strengths and cross sections of the valence-shell excitations in NO2 are of great significance in testing the theoretical calculations and monitoring the state of ozone layer in the earth’s atmosphere. In the present work, the generalized oscillator strengths of the valence-shell excitations in NO2 were obtained based on the fast electron scattering technique at an incident electron energy of 1.5 keV and an energy resolution of about 70 meV. By extrapolating the generalized oscillator strengths to the limit of a zero squared momentum transfer, the optical oscillator strengths for the dipole-allowed transitions have been obtained, which provide an independent cross check to the previous experimental results. Based on the BE-scaling method, the corresponding integral cross sections have also been derived systematically from the excitation threshold to 5000 eV. The present dynamic parameters can provide the fundamental spectroscopic data of NO2 and have important applications in the studies of atmospheric science.

Absorption Line Oscillator Strengths for the C 2Π(0)-A 2Σ+(0) Band of Nitric Oxide

We have determined absorption oscillator strengths for rotational transitions of the C 2Π(0)-A 2Σ+(0) band of NO, which has been detected in the upper atmosphere of Venus. The molecular quantum defect orbital method has been used in the calculation of the electronic transition moment and the Rydberg–valence interaction between the C 2Π(v = 0) and the B 2Π (v = 7) states has been considered. Considerable deviations from normal intensity distribution of the rotational lines have been found at J ≤ 5.5. As far as we know, the present line f-values are reported here for the first time. These data may be useful in the interpretation of the observations obtained by the Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer instrument on the Venus Express spacecraft.

Proton inelastic scattering on 68,70,72Ni

The proton inelastic scattering on 68,70,72Ni isotopes was measured at the NSCL at MSU, employing the S800 spectrometer coupled to the GRETINA γ-ray array. The aim of the experiment was to determine the degree of collectivity in these neutron-rich Z = 28 isotopes. The use of a hadronic probe allows to complement previous Coulomb excitation measurements of the reduced transition probability B(E2; 0+ → 2+) and deduce the neutron-to-proton transition matrix elements ratio. The high resolution in γ-ray energy achievable with GRETINA gives large control on feeding transitions, thus reducing possible systematics errors in the determination of transition strengths.

Particle-Particle Collective Excitations of Sn isotopes

In this paper, energy-level schemes and reduced electric transition strengths of neutron-rich Tin isotopes 102, 110, 116, 120, 122Sn (Z=50) are studied using collective models, that is, particle-particle Tamm-Dancoff Approximation and particle-particle Random Phase Approximation. According to these models, the excited states of closed-core A+2 systems with multipolarity J and isospin T can be described as a linear combination of particle-particle pairs. In our investigation, the low-lying states of the investigated isotopes 102, 110, 116, 120, 122Sn are described by acting two-particle operators on a correlated core 100Sn, 108Sn, 114Sn, 118Sn, and 120Sn, respectively. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized within the model space include {1g7/2, 2d5/2, 2d3/2, 3s1/2 and 1h11/2} orbits, using the matrix elements of neutron-neutron interaction and modified surface delta interaction. The calculated values are checked by using the resultant eigenvalues and eigenvectors to calculate the excitation energies and reduced electric transition strengths. Our calculated results are compared to the available experimental data, and these comparisons led to reasonable agreements. Effective charges are also used to account for the core polarization effect.

Electron impact fine-structure cross-section calculations of Cu and their applications in the diagnostics of laser-produced Cu-plasma through the collisional radiative model

We present the calculations of electron impact excitation cross-sections for the transitions from the ground state of Cu 3d104sS1/22 to the excited fine structure energy levels of the configurations 3d94s2,3d94s4p,3d104l,(l=p,d,f),3d105l,(l=s,p,d),3d10nl,(n=6,7;l=s,p) using the fully relativistic distorted wave theory. In addition, cross-sections for the transitions from the metastable states 3d94s2D5/2,3/22 to the upper excited levels are also presented. For calculating these cross-sections, we have obtained the atomic wave functions of copper using the multi-configuration Dirac–Fock approximation theory. To ensure the accuracy of these wave functions, we compared our calculated oscillator strengths of some dipole-allowed transitions of Cu with the available earlier reported values. We have utilized all the calculated electron impact fine-structure level excitation cross-sections from the ground as well as the metastable states of Cu to develop a fine structure-resolved collisional-radiative (CR) model for the diagnostics of laser-produced Cu plasma at atmospheric pressure. The model has been applied for diagnostics by coupling it with the spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy (OES) measurements of Singh and Sharma [Phys. Plasmas 23 122104 (2016)] in the presence and absence of a static magnetic field. For diagnostics, the intensities of three OES observed strong atomic emission lines of Cu viz, 510.5, 515.3, and 521.8 nm have been utilized in the absence and presence of a magnetic field at different axial lengths (z = 0.5–6.5 mm) from the Cu target. Also, these intensities are corrected using the internal reference self-absorption method to overcome the effect of radiation trapping. The normalized intensities of the considered lines obtained from the CR model have been compared with their corresponding OES-measured values to extract the plasma parameters, i.e., electron temperature and electron density. Further, the obtained electron temperatures from the CR model are compared with the corresponding values reported in the experimental paper of Singh and Sharma [Phys. Plasmas 23 122104 (2016)] obtained using the Boltzmann plot method.

AgSbTe2 semi-nanocrystalline thin films as a multifunctional platform for optoelectronic and diode applications

The synthesis of the nanosized multifunctional thin film provides new solutions for many technological issues and consider a great step for miniaturized technology. Toward these goals, AgSbTe2 semi-nanocrystalline thin films of different thicknesses were synthesized by the thermal evaporation technique. The structural features were investigated by X-ray diffraction, and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) yielding a semi-nanocrystalline thin film of grain size ranging from 9.98 to 21.38 nm. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) verified the high purity and stoichiometry of the deposited films. For optoelectronic application, many optical parameters, including band gap (Eg), Urbach energy (Eu), Refractive index (n), dispersion energy (Ed), electronic polarizability (αe), and interband transition strength (JCV) were extensively discussed. The optical band gap reduced from 1.41 to 1.04 eV upon increasing the thickness from 150 to 550 nm. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity (ρ) of nanosized thin film was measured and the activation energy was estimated and it was found that the resistivity increased up to 450 K asserting the semiconductor behavior of the films. As for diode application, The Ag/2D-MoS2/p-AgSbTe2 (550 nm)/n-Si/Al heterostructure diode was constructed by thermal evaporation and all the diode parameters alongside conduction mechanism were studied in detail. AgSbTe2-based diode showed a low rectification ratio; however, the ideality factor (n) and zero bias barrier height (Φb) had optimal values of about 1.40 and 0.75 at room temperature, respectively.

Emergence of triaxiality in 74Se from electric monopole transition strengths

The structure of 74Se at low energy was investigated via spectroscopy of internal conversion electrons at the INFN Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL). A set of internal K-conversion coefficients and monopole transition strengths was measured. A large ρ2(E0;22+→21+)⋅103=210(130) value was deduced. This result, in addition to a low upper limit for the 03+→02+ electron transition, casts in doubt a simple interpretation of the 74Se low-lying structure, in particular the recently proposed spherical, vibrational character. New microscopic beyond-mean-field calculations generally agree with the experimental results and are capable of producing a large ρ2(E0;22+→21+) value, even if still a factor ≈7 smaller than the experiment. Triaxiality and a complex shape-coexistence and mixing scenario seem responsible for this unexpected experimental result.

β^{+} Gamow-Teller Strengths from Unstable ^{14}O via the (d,^{2}He) Reaction in Inverse Kinematics.

For the first time, the (d,^{2}He) reaction was successfully used in inverse kinematics to extract the Gamow-Teller transition strength in the β^{+} direction from an unstable nucleus. The new technique was made possible by the use of an active-target time-projection chamber and a magnetic spectrometer, and opens a path to addressing a range of scientific challenges, including in astrophysics and neutrino physics. In this Letter, the nucleus studied was ^{14}O, and the Gamow-Teller transition strength to ^{14}N was extracted up to an excitation energy of 22MeV. The data were compared to shell-model and state-of-the-art coupled-cluster calculations. Shell-model calculations reproduce the measured Gamow-Teller strength distribution up to about 15MeV reasonably well, after the application of a phenomenological quenching factor. In a significant step forward to better understand this quenching, the coupled-cluster calculation reproduces the full strength distribution well without such quenching, owing to the large model space, the inclusion of strong correlations, and the coupling of the weak interaction to two nucleons through two-body currents.

Annealing Enhanced Phase Transition in VO2 Thin Films Deposited on Glass Substrates via Chemical Vapor Deposition

In this work, VO2 is deposited on borosilicate glass substrates via a single step Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). Though the structural characterization revealed the presence of phase pure polycrystalline VO2 in simple monoclinic crystal structure (P21/c), electrical measurements did not show a sharp transition. To understand the ambiguity, surface characterization was performed with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) on the as-deposited VO2 thin films. Vanadium was present in V3+, V4+ and V5+ states. Following these measurements, annealing was performed in ambience at 200 °C for 10 minutes. Subsequent electrical measurements showed an improved phase transition, enhanced by an order of magnitude. We attribute the enhancement in transition to annealing of oxygen vacancies present in VO2 thin films because of the deposition conditions. Decrease in oxygen vacancies was correlated with a decrease in the fraction of V3+ from XPS measurements. The sample annealed at 200°C for 10 minutes exhibited a higher resistance ratio (ΔA = 305) with an optimum hysteresis (4°C) and transition width(12°C), whereas the as-deposited sample exhibited a resistance ratio of ΔA = 32. The thermal treatment affected the characteristics of the transition. A narrow hysteresis of 4°C and a sharp transition width with a reasonable resistance ratio were obtained for the sample annealed at 200°C for 10 minutes. From this study, we understand that our synthesis of VO2 thin films via CVD is prone to be off-stoichiometric and therefore, contains defects such as oxygen vacancies. We could mitigate the effect of these vacancies and engineer the stoichiometry by performing a simple annealing which in turn improved the strength of the phase transition. Drawbacks such as a poor-quality transition, resulting from synthesis parameters can be mitigated if we understand the effect of vanadium and oxygen vacancies.

Hole-Hole Collective Excitations in 106, 112, 130Sn Isotopes

In this paper, energy-level schemes of neutron rich and reduced electric transition strengths of Tin isotopes 106Sn, 112Sn and 130Sn were studied using collective models, i.e., hole-hole Tamm-Dancoff Approximation (hh TDA) and hole-hole Random Phase Approximation (hh RPA). According to these models, the excited states of closed core A-2 systems with multipolarity J and isospin T can be described as a linear combination of hole-hole (hh) pairs. Therefore, in our approach, the low-lying states of the investigated isotopes 106Sn, 112Sn and 130Sn are obtained by acting two-hole operators on a correlated core 108Sn, 114Sn and 132Sn, respectively. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized within the model space include {1g7/2, 2d5/2, 2d3/2, 3s1/2 and 1h11/2} orbits, using the matrix elements of neutron-neutron (N-N) interaction and modified surface delta interaction (MSDI). The hh TDA and hh RPA are checked by using the resultant eigenvalues and eigenvectors to calculate the excitation energies and reduced electric transition strengths. A comparison had been made between our theoretical predictions and the recent available experimental data. Reasonable agreements were obtained from these comparisons.

Transitional Strength Under Plasma: Precise Estimations of Astrophysically Relevant Electromagnetic Transitions of Ar7, Kr7, Xe7, and Rn7 Under Plasma Atmosphere++++

The growing interest in atomic structures of moderately stripped alkali-like ions in the diagnostic study and modeling of astrophysical and laboratory plasma makes an accurate many-body study of atomic properties inevitable. This work presents transition line parameters in the absence or presence of plasma atmosphere for astrophysically important candidates Ar7+, Kr7+, Xe7+, and Rn7+. We employ relativistic coupled-cluster (RCC) theory, a well-known correlation exhaustive method. In the case of a plasma environment, we use the Debye Model. Our calculations agree with experiments available in the literature for ionization potentials, transition strengths of allowed and forbidden selections, and lifetimes of several low-lying states. The unit ratios of length and velocity forms of transition matrix elements are the critical estimation of the accuracy of the transition data presented here, especially for a few presented for the first time in the literature. We do compare our findings with the available recent theoretical results. Our reported data can be helpful to the astronomer in estimating the density of the plasma environment around the astronomical objects or in the discovery of observational spectra corrected by that environment. The present results should be advantageous in the modeling and diagnostics laboratory plasma, whereas the calculated ionization potential depression parameters reveal important characteristics of atomic structure.

Hyperfine states of erbium doped yttrium orthosilicate for long-coherence-time quantum memories

Due to their unique optical transition at 1.5 μm, erbium-doped crystals are one of the best candidates for the realization of quantum memories at telecommunication wavelengths. While the hyperfine states of erbium doped yttrium orthosilicate hold the possibility of achieving ultra-long coherence times for a quantum memory, the complexity of their hyperfine structures leads to inaccurate theoretical prediction, thus hindering the extending of the coherence times. Here, we report a set of spin-Hamiltonian parameters with sufficient predictive power on the coherence times of the erbium hyperfine states. Our calculation simultaneously takes into account both the data measured in Electron-Paramagnetic-Resonance and Raman-heterodyne experiments. Based on the new parameters, the coherence properties of the hyperfine ground states are discussed. At zero applied magnetic field, all hyperfine transitions between the ground states are transitions with zero-first-order-Zeeman (ZEFOZ) effect, manifesting both long coherence times and strong transition strengths. By turning up the magnetic field, it is possible to further extend the coherence times to the scale of hours. The long coherence times at ZEFOZ transitions can be an important step forward in creating long-lived telecommunication quantum memories.

Nano cristobalite embedded Er3+ doped multi-functional silica phosphate composite glasses for optoelectronic applications

Composite silica-based glasses were synthesized with varying concentrations of Er3+ by sol-gel route. The presence of alkali sodium ions reoriented the silica tetrahedra, eventually forming the cristobalite phase in the glasses. The addition of Er3+ reduces the crystallite size from 23.8 nm to 6.9 nm, while retaining the fractional ceramic attribute for effectuating mechanical stability and ductility. Band gap energy increases with Er3+ doping by the principles of the Burstein-Moss shift, increasing transmittance to 90% in the glasses. The density of the glasses increases with erbium content, with a subsequent increase in ionic bonding as validated by the metallization criterion. Judd OFelt (JO) parameters were evaluated from the oscillator strengths of absorption transitions, identifying decreasing covalency in the glass systems. Broad bandwidth and lifetime of 79.9 nm and 6.2 ms respectively were obtained for near-infrared (NIR) transmission at 1.47 μm, suitable for an S-band telecommunication window. The material has potential red lasing performance corresponding to the transition: 4F9/2→4I15/2. Low dielectric constants and decreasing activation energy of the glass material at higher frequencies, as derived from Arrhenius plots, is suggestive of a cost-effective inter-layer dielectric substrate for microwave signal propagation. This could be favorably capitalized for micro-fabrication in integrated electronic industries, employing the Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology as a strategic alternative to the ceramic substrates devised otherwise using high sintering temperatures.

Spectroscopic constants and transition properties on the singlet states of van der Waals molecules Cd-RG(RG = He,Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe,Rn)

By using CCSD(T) and EOM-CCSD methods together with quasirelativistic energy-consistent small-core pseudopotentials and large atom-centered basis sets as well as bond functions, the potential energy curves (PECs) for the ground state and several low-lying singlet excited states of the van der Waals molecular systems between cadmium atom interacting with RG atoms (RG = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn) are obtained. The dispersion coefficients of ground state for Cd-RG have been computed. And the spectroscopic constants of the bound states of Cd-RG molecules have been calculated, the spectroscopic constants of ground state and C1Π state of Cd-RG complexes are in reasonable agreement with the available theoretical and experimental results; the vertical excitation energies of singlet low-lying excited states are also obtained. And the transition dipole moments (TDMs) of (3)1Σ+-X1Σ+ and (4)1Σ+-X1Σ+ transitions are discussed, which would be helpful to understand the transition properties of Cd-RG complex. Furthermore, frequencies of vibrational transitions, rotational constants, Franck-Condon factors (FCFs) of C1Π-X1Σ+ transition and oscillator strengths of Cd-RG have also been acquired. The present work would be of value to understand on the electronically excited states of Cd-RG molecule, especially the electronic structure and spectroscopic characteristics of the singlet excited states.