Strength Of Plates Research Articles

On the strength of many-layer fiber-reinforced plates

In Kolpakov and Rakin (2021), the concept of a representative model for multilayer plates was introduced. It was shown that a three-layer representative plate model provides us with complete information about the local stress-strain state (SSS) in a multilayer plate formed from an arbitrary number of layers. In this paper, it is shown that for a many-layer plate (the number of layers is more than 300), the periodicity cell problems (PCPs) corresponding to in-plane (tension/shear) make the main contribution to the local SSS. On one hand, it is a similarity with the uniform plate. On another hand, the solutions to the PCPs corresponding to in-plane (tension/shear) for fiber-reinforced plate are very different from the solutions corresponding to uniform plate.If the number of layers is less than 60, it is necessary to take into account the solutions to the bending/torsion cell problem. In both cases, it is necessary to take into account the skin-boundary layers (which occurs both in tension/shear and bending/torsion PCPs).Using the idea of a representative model, we construct a homogenized strength criterion (HSC) for fiber reinforced plates. As a result of the complex form of the local stress-strain stale in the components of composite, the HSC is built as a computer procedure. Since the representative model is low-dimension one, the procedure is fast.In general, the failure surface is a 5-dimensional surface in 6-dimensional space. For a multilayer plate, the strength criterion depends on three variables (three combinations of tension/shear and bending/torsion). In this case, the failure surface is a 2D surface in 3D space and can be visualized. In multilayer plates, we find many similarities with the classical theory of plates, but at the same time we clearly see quantitative and qualitative differences between multilayer plates and classical information plates. In particular, we see that the maximum of the local stress in composite plate occurs not at the top/bottom surfaces of the plate, but in the deep of the plate.

Localization of Deformation in a Non‐Collisional Subduction Orogen: The Roles of Dip Geometry and Plate Strength on the Evolution of the Broken Andean Foreland, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina

AbstractThe southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°–40°S) exhibit a complex deformation pattern that is influenced by multiple factors, including the present‐day dip angle of the subducting oceanic Nazca plate and the influence of inherited heterogeneities in the continental South American plate. This study employs a data‐driven geodynamic workflow to assess the role of various forcing factors in determining upper‐plate strain localization, both above the flat slab and the steeper segment to the south. These include the dip angle of the Nazca plate, the mechanically weak sedimentary basins, the thickness and composition of the continental crust, the strength of the subduction interface, and the plate velocities. Our modeling results predict two main deformation modes: (a) pure‐shear shortening in the broken foreland above the flat‐slab segment and eastward propagation of deformation, and (b) simple‐shear shortening restricted to the eastern margin of the Andean fold‐and‐thrust belt above the steep‐slab segment. While the convergence velocity and the frictional strength of the subduction interface primarily control the intensity of the deformation, inherited heterogeneities tend to localize deformation, and weak sediments leads to intensified surface deformation. Thicker crust and surface topography also influences strain localization by transferring stress to the eastern orogenic front. Above the flat‐slab segment deformation migrates eastward, which is facilitated by enhanced interface coupling. The transition between the steep and sub‐horizontal subduction segments is characterized by a diffuse transpressional shear zone, likely controlled by the change in dip geometry of the Nazca plate, and the presence of inherited faults and weak sedimentary basins.

Effect of Patch Interface Strengthening on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Sheet by Double-Sided Patching

To repair the damage to the epoxy/carbon fiber laminate, a single-lap test was performed between sulfuric acid anodized aluminum plate and carbon fiber laminate to study the effect of the anodized layer on the interlaminar shear strength. Then, carbon fiber laminates were prepared by wet-laying method to simulate the damage caused by penetrating cracks, and double-sided adhesive sheets were made from 0.5[Formula: see text]mm thick 2024-T3 aluminum alloy and carbon fiber laminates to match the thickness and material of the simulated damage plate. The adhesive matrix used was E51 bisphenol-A epoxy resin with 1.5[Formula: see text]wt.% nanorubber added for modification and toughening. After double-sided patching, tensile tests were performed to investigate the effect of different materials on the tensile strength of double-sided adhesive patches. We observed SEM images of the fracture surface of the patch after tensile failure and analyzed the strengthening mechanisms of different material patches. The results show that the shear strength between the single-layer sulfuric acid anodized aluminum plate and the carbon fiber laminate is 9.792 MPa, which is 61.5% higher than the shear strength of the nonanodized aluminum plate. The tensile strength of the 2024-T3 aluminum patch specimen is 271.83 MPa, which is 48.43% and 23.97% higher than the perforated specimen without patch and the specimen with carbon fiber laminate patch, respectively, and reaches 72.56% of the undamaged carbon fiber laminate. The specimens with aluminum plate patches showed a maximum bending strength of 616.47 MPa, which increased by 70.83% compared to the 360.875 MPa of the perforated specimens. The maximum bending strength of the aluminum plate patch specimen reached 74.76% of that of the undamaged specimen. However, the maximum bending strength of the composite patch specimen is as high as 1101.9 MPa, far exceeding that of other samples. Due to the poor toughness of the sample, it cannot withstand large strains. The addition of 1.5[Formula: see text]wt.% nanorubber results in shear yield bands and induces silver grains to absorb a large amount of energy during stress deformation.

Testing and Numerical Simulation of the Shear Resistance of Blind-Bolted Aluminum Connections

Due to their high bending stiffness, high torsional stiffness, and high local stability, rectangular section members of Al alloy space structures are frequently utilized as load-bearing elements. However, the joint construction is more complex because of the closed cross-section. To join rectangular section members without drilling holes in them, a variety of blind bolts that can be placed and fastened on one side have been devised. The blind bolts researched in this paper is known as BOM bolt. The shear resistance of BOM-bolted Al alloy connections is investigated using shear testing and finite element calculations of individual bolts and bolt groups. According to the test and numerical simulation results, the formulas for the compressive strength of the aluminum plate and the shear capacity reduction factor of BOM-bolted long connections are derived.

Experimental and numerical analysis of residual compression strength after Low-Velocity Impact of carbon/epoxy composite plate

A composite laminate is susceptible to Low-Velocity Impact (LVI) load, leading to Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) accompanied by invisible damage in the form of delamination. Such delamination is significantly reduced the compression strength of the composite laminate plate. The present work provides an experimental and numerical analysis, based on finite elements, on residual compression strength after the low-velocity impact of carbon/epoxy composite plate. Five specimens of 16 layers Unidirectional carbon/epoxy composite plate with fiber orientation [+450/900/-450/00/+450/900/-450/00]s have been tested subject to low-velocity impact load, with a single use of impact energy value of 2.75 Joule/mm, followed by compression test. Moreover, another similar five specimens tested compression before impact to measure its compression strength. Experimental results were observed to identify the profile and size of total-projection delamination after impact and after compression and compression-strength before and after impact. The Finite Element analysis is based on the utilization of cohesive zone elements with Benzeggagh-Kenane fracture criterion to predict the initiation and propagation of delamination, Kirchhoff based formulation of continuing shell element to model stiffness of the laminate, and Hashim-Rotem damage mechanism to predict intralaminar damages.

Shear resistance strengthening of novel castellated key with embedded steel plates for dry joints in precast bridges

The shear performance of the precast segment concrete bridge depends largely on the shear resistance of joints between adjacent segments. However, the current joint structures have the limitation of shear resistance strengthening and the inconvenience of construction. To improve the shear capacity of the joints and achieve quick construction, a novel castellated shear key incorporating embedded steel plates is proposed. A total of fifteen single-keyed dry joints were designed, including two reference joints with a plain concrete key and a reinforced key and thirteen novel keys with embedded steel plates. Monotonic push-off tests of joints with or without shear keys were carried out. The influence of design parameters of the novel shear key, including height-to-thickness ratio, strength, steel ratio of the steel plates and bonding methods between concrete and steel plates on the shear performance of the joints were investigated comprehensively. The results indicated that the reinforcement of the shear capacity of the joints with the novel keys was 8.5%–33.9% higher than that of the joints with plain concrete keys due to the yielding of the steel plates. As expected, the embedded steel plates in shear keys could reach a shear-yielding state when the height-to-thickness ratio was larger than 25 or the yield strength of steel plates was lower than 355 MPa. A prediction formula of shear resistance capacity for the joints with novel shear keys was proposed considering the contribution of concrete and steel plates. It showed good prediction accuracy with an average value of 0.98 for the ratio of predicted to experimental values.

Steel plate surface defect classification technology based on image enhancement and combination feature extraction

PurposeIn the process of continuous casting and rolling of steel plate, due to the influence of rolling equipment and process, there are scratches, inclusions, patches, scabs and pitted surfaces on the surface of steel plate, which will not only affect the corrosion resistance, wear resistance and fatigue strength of steel plate but also may cause production accidents. Therefore, the detection of steel plate surface defect must be strengthened to ensure the production quality of steel plate and the smooth development of industrial construction.Design/methodology/approach(1) A steel plate surface defect detection technology based on small datasets is proposed, which can detect multiple surface defects and fill in the blank of scab defect detection. (2) A detection system based on intelligent recognition technology is built. The steel plate images are collected by the front-end monitoring device, then transmitted to the back-end monitoring center and processed by the embedded intelligent algorithms. (3) In order to reduce the impact of external light on the image, an improved Multi-Scale Retinex (MSR) enhancement algorithm based on adaptive weight calculation is proposed, which lays the foundation for subsequent object segmentation and feature extraction. (4) According to the different factors such as the cause and shape, the texture and shape features are combined to classify different defects on the steel plate surface. The defect classification model is constructed and the classification results are recorded and stored, which has certain application value in the field of steel plate surface defect detection. (5) The practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by comparison with other methods, and the field running tests are conducted based on the equipment commissioning field of China Heavy Machinery Institute.FindingsWhen applied to small dataset, the precision of the proposed method is 94.5% and the time is 23.7 ms. In order to compare with deep learning technology, after expanding the image dataset, the precision and detection time of this paper are 0.948 and 24.2 ms, respectively. The proposed method is superior to other traditional image processing and deep learning methods. And the field recognition precision is 91.7%.Originality/valueIn brief, the steel plate surface defect detection technology based on computer vision is effective, but the previous attempts and methods are not comprehensive and the accuracy and detection speed need to be improved. Therefore, a more practical and comprehensive technology is developed in this paper. The main contributions are as follows: (1) A steel plate surface defect detection technology based on small datasets is proposed, which can detect multiple surface defects and fill in the blank of scab defect detection. (2) A detection system based on intelligent recognition technology is built. The steel plate images are collected by the front-end monitoring device, then transmitted to the back-end monitoring center and processed by the embedded intelligent algorithms. (3) In order to reduce the impact of external light on the image, an improved MSR enhancement algorithm based on adaptive weight calculation is proposed, which lays the foundation for subsequent object segmentation and feature extraction. (4) According to the different factors such as the cause and shape, the texture and shape features are combined to classify different defects on the steel plate surface. The defect classification model is constructed and the classification results are recorded and stored, which has certain application value in the field of steel plate surface defect detection. (5) The practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by comparison with other methods, and the field running tests are conducted based on the equipment commissioning field of China Heavy Machinery Institute.

Flexural behavior and design methodology for bamboo scrimber-aluminum plate composite beams

This paper presents a study on the flexural behavior of twelve bamboo scrimber-aluminum plate composite beam specimens. The research investigates the effects of aluminum plate thickness and shape on specimen failure mode, flexural moment–curvature relations, and flexural capacity. Finite element (FE) analysis is used to benchmark test results. The study also includes parametric studies that explore the impact of various factors such as aluminum yield strength, plate thickness, adhesive shear strength, shear span ratio, and depth to width ratio on the flexural capacity of the specimens. The results indicate that while increasing the yield strength of aluminum plate has little effect on flexural stiffness and capacity, increasing plate thickness significantly improves these characteristics in the service limit state. Additionally, increasing the depth-width ratio and shear span ratio correspondingly improves flexural stiffness and capacity. The shear strength of adhesive has a significant impact on flexural capacity, but only a minor effect on flexural stiffness during the elastic stage. Based on the parametric study, modified calculation formulae are proposed to predict the flexural capacity of composite beams with and without inter-layer slip.

Compression performance of composite plates after multi-site impacts: A combined experimental and finite element study

This paper reports on a study of the damage tolerance of carbon fibre reinforced polymer plates, used in aircraft fuselage, subjected to multi-site impacts. A new fixture was designed to perform sequential low-velocity impacts at different locations on plates with two different thicknesses, representing upper and lower fuselage panels. The residual strength in compression was measured using a new compression-after-impact rig designed to prevent global buckling of thin plates. Experimental results indicated that compared to single impacts, multi-site impacts can reduce the residual strength of the thin plates, but not the thick plates. To explain this difference, a detailed finite element model was developed, which enabled modelling of multi-site impacts and compression after impact in one simulation. Simulations suggested that the second impact damage changes the buckled shape prior to failure for the thin plates. A parametric analysis on key material parameters showed that they have a small effect on the residual compressive strength. This work can help to improve the design of aircraft panels with respect to threats posed by multi-site impacts.

Study the Effect of Face Sheets Material on Strength of Sandwich Plates with Circular Hole

This study aims to investigate the effect of changing skins material on the strength of sandwich plates with circular hole when subjected to mechanical loads. Theoretical, numerical and experimental analyses are done for sandwich plates with hole and with two face sheet materials. Theoretical analysis is performed by using sandwich plate theory which depends on the first order shear deformation theory for plates subjected to tension and bending separately. Finite element method was used to analyse numerically all cases by ANSYS program.
 The sandwich plates were investigated experimentally under bending and buckling load separately. The relationship between stresses and the ratio of hole diameter to plate width (d/b) are built, by studying the effect of hole size on strength of sandwich plates. The maximum stress were developed at the hole region in sandwich plates clarified the dropped in their strength. So, the experimental maximum stress was found by means of multiplying the experimental nominal stress obtained from Stress-strain curve by the stress concentration factor.
 All results which obtained, theoretically, numerically and experimentally are compared to find that the hole weaken the strength of sandwich plates because of the stress concentration and that weakness is depending on the hole size and the face sheets materials.

Strength Research Based on ABAQUS for the Fixed Plate of the Refrigerator Compressor

The compressor fixed plate in the refrigerator plays an important role in carrying the compressor and connecting various parts, which is very important to the structure of the refrigerator. In this paper, the finite element (FE) software ABAQUS is used to check the strength of the compressor base plate of thicknesses of 1.2 mm and 1.5 mm. Firstly, the model establishment and mesh treatment method of the fixed plate of the refrigerator compressor is introduced, then the load and constraints are described. Finally, the FE analysis is carried out, and the plates of 1.2 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses are contrasted, respectively. And the stress-strain diagrams are obtained, which provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the compressor fixed plate.

The Effect of Fiber-Adhesive Composite on Bond Strength of Plastic Plates- Part III: The Effect of pH on Mechanical Behavior and Mechanical Properties

The Effect of Fiber-Adhesive Composite on Bond Strength of Plastic Plates- Part III: The Effect of pH on Mechanical Behavior and Mechanical Properties

Failure Mechanism of Tensile CFRP Composite Plates with Variable Hole Diameter

Real thin-walled composite structures such as aircraft or automotive structures are exposed to the development of various types of damage during operation. The effect of circular hole size on the strength of a thin-walled plate made of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) was investigated in this study. The test object was subjected to tensile testing to investigate the strength and cracking mechanism of the composite structure with variable diameter of the central hole. The study was performed using two independent test methods: experimental and numerical. With increasing diameter of the central hole, significant weakening of the composite plate was observed. The study showed qualitative and quantitative agreement between the experimental and numerical results. The results confirmed the agreement of the proposed FEM model with the experimental test. The novelty of this study is the use of the popular XFEM technique to describe the influence of the hole size on the cracking and failure of the composite structure. In addition, the study proposes a new method for determining the experimental and numerical damage and failure loads of a composite plate under tension.

Subduction initiation at an oceanic transform fault experiencing compression: Role of the fault structure and of the brittle-ductile transition depth

It has recently been shown that among the subduction zones initiated in the Cenozoic era, the subducting oceanic lithosphere could have any age, and was as often older than the overriding plate as younger than it. To try to explain this observation, we consider the simple setup of an oceanic transform fault and perform 2D thermomechanical experiments by applying the same convergence velocity on the two adjacent plates. We combine a non-Newtonian viscous rheology and a pseudo-brittle behavior. We focus on the influence of the fault structure at convergence onset, by testing the effects of the fault gouge depth, zwz, and of the width of the thermal transition between the lithospheres, which allows for mimicking the settings of a transform fault as well as of an old fracture zone. We investigate large ranges of plate age and of plate age offset. In most of our experiments, the mode of convergence accommodation is basically a function of the gouge depth, zwz, that we compare to the mean of the 2 plate thicknesses. We observe three main behaviors: (1) failure of subduction initiation if zwz is shallow, i.e., ≲15% of the mean depth of the 2 plate bottoms if the age offset scaled by the younger age is very low (≲1) or ≲30% otherwise, (2) old plate subduction, that is best favored for ratios zwz/zTT∼0.25 and for low offsets in relative plate ages, and (3) young plate subduction if zwz is quite deep (≳40%), whatever the age offset. The thermal transition width only has a second-order effect, that facilitates subduction initiation when the transition is wide. Compressive forces are overshooting reasonable thresholds (≳1013 N/m) if at least one of the two plates is older than ∼30 Myr. The success of a young plate subduction and, to a lesser extent, of an old plate subduction, can be predicted by comparing zwz at convergence onset to the depth of the brittle-ductile transition inside the future upper plate. The subduction success and polarity depend on the possibility to form a low shear stress plane. We predict that only the young plate subduction can initiate at an active transform fault, while the old plate subduction is restricted to the setup of an old fracture zone separating two lithospheres with a small age offset scaled by the younger age. The significant predominance in our modeling of the thin plate underthrusting results from the strong influence of the plate strength contrast when lithospheres are stiff. Our experimental results are consistent with the recent records of subduction initiation at the Mussau and Hjort Trenches, as well as at the Gagua ridge (W Pacific).

Shear Behaviour and Calculation Methods of Bearing-Shear Connectors for Prefabricated Steel-Concrete Composite Beams.

The bearing-shear connector (B-SC) is a newly developed connector that exhibits excellent shear behaviour and is easy to process. However, research on the application of B-SCs as substitutes for grouped studs in prefabricated steel-concrete composite beams is rare, and systematically studying their shear behaviour is necessary. Thus, a refined numerical model was developed to study the shear behaviour of the B-SCs. The numerical model, validated by push-out tests, was conducted to analyse the stress of the B-SCs and concrete slab during loading and to explore the failure mechanism of B-SCs. Then, a parametric study was performed to identify the key factors influencing the shear behaviour of the B-SCs. The concrete strength, and the thickness and the tensile strength of the shear plate were found to significantly influence the shear behaviour of B-SCs. According to the experiments and numerical analysis, calculation formulae for the ultimate shear resistance and slip modulus were proposed.

Predicting biomechanical properties of additively manufactured polydopamine coated poly lactic acid bone plates using deep learning

Fused Filament Fabrication based bone plates lack mechanical strength, resulting in premature failure. Biocompatible Polydopamine (PDM) coating forms covalent bonds with Poly Lactic Acid (PLA), resulting in enhanced mechanical characteristics. Infill density, submersion time, shaker speed, and coating solution concentration, have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of coated bone plates. Monitoring the mechanical strength experimentally for each set of process parameters is a time-consuming and tedious procedure. Before resorting to experimental tests, it is important to model and predict the mechanical strength in order to increase the mechanical strength of bone plates. Predictive modeling using machine learning approaches has proven to be the best alternative to traditional statistical tools. In this study, various machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbors, AdaBoost, and Decision Trees, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) method, were utilized to predict tensile and flexural strengths. Error metrics consisting of Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Correlation Coefficient (R2), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and RRMSE (Root Relative Mean Squared Error) have been utilized to assess the performance of various models. Owing to the prediction findings, the LSTM model beat all ML-based models by demonstrating the best MSE, RMSE, and R2 values for tensile and flexural strength, which were 5.96 MPa, 2.44 MPa, and 0.9169, respectively, and 11.14 MPa, 3.34 MPa, and 0.9242, respectively. Consequently, the results of this study suggest that LSTM is the best model for predicting the tensile and flexural strength of PDM-coated PLA bone plates without doing experiments.

Formation mechanism of the corrugated interface during Al/Mg/Al composite plate by hard-plate rolling

Regulating the interface structure and bonding ability is one of the main means to improve the mechanical properties of the composite plate. Therefore, the aluminum (Al)/magnesium (Mg)/aluminum (Al) composite plate was rolled by adding a hard plate, and the influence of the interface bonding morphology on the mechanical properties of the composite plate was studied. The results show that under the same conditions, the corrugated bonding morphology is formed at the Al/Mg interface by hard plate, while the traditional rolling (TR) tends to be flat. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the composite plate is 232.16 MPa, and the percentage of total elongation at fracture (At) is 14.3%, which is 7.36% and 45.22% higher than that of the traditional rolling. The texture intensity of the Mg and Al sides of the corrugated interface is greatly weakened compared to the flat interface, and the strong non-substrate slip provides a strong condition for its subsequent plastic deformation. At the same time, a large number of twins at the interface hinder the dislocation movement and improve the tensile strength of the composite plate, which realizes the double increase of strength and plasticity of the composite plate. It provides scientific advice for interface structure and optimized performance of high-performance composite plates, and has good industrial production and application potential.

Effect of pitting corrosion position to the strength of ship bottom plate in grounding incident

Abstract Pitting corrosion is the most common, dangerous, and destructive corrosion type in marine and offshore structures. This type of corrosion can reduce the strength of the ship plate, so investigating it using several numerical grounding scenarios is needed to determine the significant degradation of the strength of the structural plate. In this study, a finite element study was used to evaluate the influence of pitting corrosion location on the strength of the bottom plate ship in grounding simulation. This study simulated 14 scenarios using different pitting positions on the bottom plate. Finite element using explicit dynamic simulation in LS Dyna software was employed to evaluate the strength of the bottom plate on the ship. The output parameters, such as reaction force and plate deformation, were assessed to compare the grounding simulation results. The simulation indicates that the location of pitting corrosion will affect stress concentration, crack initiation, reaction force, and penetrating position when the crack nucleates. The result shows the critical position of the pit, which is located near the stress concentration ring (nearly 100 mm from the center of the plates) in the plain plates.

Mechanical properties of 3D 4-directional braided composites with a central circular hole under tension

3D braided composites are suitable for components that are prone to stress concentration owing to their low delaminating tendency and high damage tolerance. However, there are few researches that have investigated the mechanical properties of the braided composites with holes in multi-scale. In this article, an analysis method is proposed for the mechanical properties of 3D 4-directional braided composites with a central circular hole. The macro equivalent stiffness of the composites is calculated by homogenization method. Based on the modified Lekhnitskii theory, the transverse and tangential stresses at the hole edge of braided composite plates are attained. The models of meso unit cells with different braided angles are established, and the strength of the composites is predicted by Tsai-Wu criterion. The point stress criterion, the average stress criterion, and the progressive damage analysis method on the basis of different failure criteria are adopted to study the tensile strength of the braided composite plates with a hole, respectively. The study of mechanical properties of 3D 4-directional braided composites with a circular hole under tension in the article provides theoretical and simulation methods for such problems in engineering.

Failure of humeral shaft fixation: construct characteristics.

Fixation failure following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of humeral shaft fractures can be a challenging complication. We aimed to identify the modes of failure and characteristics of failed fixation constructs. We queried our institutional database for patients > 18years old with fixation failure after ORIF with single plate and screw constructs of humeral shaft fractures from 2006 to 2017. Demographics, fracture characteristics, fixation construct design and mode of failure were recorded. Twenty-three failures were identified. Mean age was 55.9years (SD 19.2years) with 15 (65%) women. Twelve patients (52%) had midshaft fractures; the remainder had distal-third shaft (8 pts, 35%) or proximal-third shaft (3 pts, 13%) fractures. Midshaft fractures were most commonly fixed through an anterolateral approach with plates and all non-locking screws (83%), while distal-third shaft fractures were fixed with a combination of locking and non-locking screws from a posterior approach. Distal-third shaft fractures failed by plate breakage (63%) or screw pullout (38%) and all midshaft failures occurred by screw pullout proximal (92%) or distal (8%) to the fracture. Resultant varus deformity occurred in 20 (87%) fractures. Screw pullout in midshaft fractures suggests that fixation to bone was insufficient or biomechanically disadvantageous. Varus moments contribute significantly to the failure of humeral shaft fracture ORIF. Plate breakage in distal fractures suggests high concentrations of stress over a narrow working length of constructs with inadequate plate strength. Recognizing how these constructs fail can aid proper implant selection and application for humeral shaft fracture. Treatment level IV.