Street Entrepreneurship Research Articles

Advancing the institutional perspective on informal entrepreneurship: a study of formalization intentions among street entrepreneurs

PurposeInformal entrepreneurship is seen as a direct outcome of either the failure of formal institutions or the asymmetry between formal and informal institutions. These two viewpoints are so far debated as alternative theoretical explanations for the prevalence of informal entrepreneurship. In this paper, the authors offer a theoretically integrative approach to further advance the institutional perspective of informal entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachUsing face-to-face surveys of 322 street entrepreneurs from Lahore, Pakistan, the authors deploy the hitherto unused partial least square approach (PLS) to structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze data within the field of informal entrepreneurship.FindingsThe empirical findings strongly support the theoretical propositions of the new institutional perspective that the authors present in their paper. The authors find no direct impact of factors like procedural justice, redistributive justice and public sector corruption (i.e. formal institutional failings) on the formalization intentions of street entrepreneurs. Their findings demonstrate that the relationship between formal institutional failings and formalization intentions can only be explained through the mediating role of institutional asymmetry (i.e. tax morality).Research limitations/implicationsFrom a policy perspective, the authors find that if they can encourage street entrepreneurs to obtain a local-level registration as the first step toward formalization, it will significantly increase their chances to opt for higher national-level registrations.Originality/valueThis paper presents a unique attempt to further understand the context of street entrepreneurship through the theoretical lens of the institutional theory. In doing so, it synthesizes the arguments of existing institutional perspectives and further develops the institutional theory of informal entrepreneurship. Moreover, the paper develops the concept of “formalization intentions”.

Effect of Street Vending on Small and Medium Enterprises Performance

Despite the tough circumstances and competitiveness of shops with permanent structures, it is acknowledged that street enterprise could play a vital role in alleviating poverty across the globe. Formal organizations recognize this possibility and are strategically incorporating informal organizations into their selling operations. The broad objective of this study was to examine the effect of street trade on small and medium enterprises performance with a specific focus on the operators in Ilorin metropolis. Therefore, the study’s specific objectives were to: determine the relationship between street entrepreneurship transformative measures and market share of SMEs and evaluate the effect of transformative measures on the transformation of street entrepreneurship into SMEs. Since the study population was large and unknown, Cochran sample size formula was used to determining the sample size of 385. A questionnaire was designed using structured questions to obtain primary data from the respondents in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State. A total of three hundred and eighty-five (385) copies of the questionnaire were administered, out of which three hundred and sixty-eight (368) copies were properly filled and returned. The formulated hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis and correlation with the aid of SPSS version 21. The findings of the study revealed that; the strong positive relationship between street entrepreneurship transformative measures with socio-cultural factor as the highest correlation coefficient of .946, multiple regression analysis established that transformative measures have an effect on the transformation of street entrepreneurship with an R2 value of .987. Hence, the study concluded that all transformative measures of street entrepreneurship have a significant effect on market share and that transformative measures have a significant positive effect on the transformation of street entrepreneurship into SMEs. It was recommended that street entrepreneurs should not underestimate the potential of relationship marketing, which may increase a company’s financial performance. Moreover, street entrepreneurial ventures should concentrate on changing their enterprises into SMEs by gaining a deeper understanding, learning skills, and developing a working knowledge of all aspects that may impact their operations and thwart their transformative aims.

Surveilling the SnackKids: Street Entrepreneurship Meets a Neighborhood App

Neighborhood apps are an increasingly popular tool for neighborhood residents to stay informed about a wide variety of activities within their local communities. Despite the many benefits of neighborhood apps, there have been claims that these apps may inadvertently lead to increases in surveillance for residents who are members of marginalized communities. This teaching case details resident interactions on a neighborhood app regarding children engaged in the act of selling snacks on the streets in the large, fictional US metropolis of Clearview. The city of Clearview initially supports a technology-based solution that addresses the complex concerns of residents and ensures the child street entrepreneurs are regulatory compliant. However, a counter-group soon forms concerned with how the development and implementation of a technology-based solution may introduce several unforeseen surveillance and privacy paradoxes for both the children and residents alike. In this teaching case, students will discuss arguments for or against using a technology-based solution and then offer their recommendations for a comprehensive solution to the issues raised in the case.

Effect of Street Entrepreneurship Transformation on Small and Medium Enterprises Performance

Effect of Street Entrepreneurship Transformation on Small and Medium Enterprises Performance

Street Entrepreneurship in the Wake of Covid-19: The Dilemma of Street Vending and Strategies for Endurance

Purpose: To determine how street vendors can endure and sustain their livelihoods under the restrictive conditions of Covid-19 management in Zimbabwe. Although entrepreneurship takes a widespread conception, one of its forms is characterized by informality like street vending. Despite local authorities' attempts to designate vending areas to decongest urban centers, street vendors always attempt to find their way back to the central business districts (CBD) in Zimbabwe. Designated areas are necessary, but vendors argue that they hardly get clients in those usually allocated in the peripherals. To curb CBD influx regulatory authorities, resort to stern measures like the demolition of vending stalls. This is viewed as human rights violation against people trying to make ends meet. Design/Methodology/Approach: A hermeneutic phenomenological approach informs qualitative research through secondary data obtained from media reports, research reports, books, and speeches. Content analysis as a data analysis method was used to elicit meaning. Findings: Findings reveal that local authorities have demolished vending stalls across the country in compliance with Statutory Instrument 77 of 2020 promulgated by the government to curb the spread of Covid-19. This has left street vendors gasping for life with no alternatives for livelihood, especially when no vaccine against the pandemic is expected anytime soon. Practical Implications: This study is useful in developing countries with high unemployment rates like Zimbabwe and the high informal sector in the form of street vending, among other means of livelihood. Originality/Value: Under these Covid-19 excruciating circumstances, this study provides novel ideas that could benefit both this marginalized group and policymakers in the country. The recommended strategies for coping and sustaining livelihoods are given without compromising prescribed conditions to fight the pandemic.

Can street entrepreneurs be Schumpeterian entrepreneurs? The case of food trucks as family firms in an emerging country

In times of economic downturn, entrepreneurship discourse returns to the forefront. In this context, in Brazil, there is a new economic and social phenomenon going on: street ventures as family firms. Once marginalized and normally related to informal work, now they perform activities in the market that allow them to offer higher quality products and to reach consumers with higher purchasing power. Aiming to better understand the phenomenon, this study explores the main aspects that characterize entrepreneurship, its motivations, knowledge and capacity for innovation. A participant observation was carried out analyzing the operation of 44 food trucks and in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 food trucks owners. Results indicate that, unlike the literature premise, the first entrant food trucks were Schumpeterian entrepreneurs. However, there was a dissemination of knowledge and they lost this condition. As a result, suggestions are presented to these entrepreneurs return to the Schumpeterian condition. This paper advances in theoretical knowledge by identifying that the Schumpeterian innovation of this street entrepreneurship is highly geographic-contextual. It possible can lead to a decrease in the risk of business failure in places in which knowledge is disseminated as innovation.

Unleashing main street entrepreneurship: Crowdfunding, venture capital, and the democratization of new venture investments

Over the past several decades, U.S. venture capital (VC) firms have focused their attention and investment dollars in specialized regional hubs where high-tech entrepreneurship tends to flourish. As a result, “main street” businesses such as retail stores, consumer services, and other non-tech businesses typically find it incredibly difficult to secure equity funding. Yet, in recent years, crowdfunding (CF) has become a viable new source of funding for entrepreneurs. Using a longitudinal assessment of VC and CF at the national, regional, and sector levels in the USA, we demonstrate how the emergence of CF has unlocked new growth opportunities for main street entrepreneurs, particularly those located in underserviced funding regions. Likewise, we expose how CF augments national and regional funding patterns by re-allocating funding to industries that VCs typically do not fund. Lastly, we discuss the practical and theoretical implications of what appears to be a shifting venture funding regime, and shed light on CF’s potential role in enhancing the resurgence of main street entrepreneurship across the USA.

Jugaad Entrepreneurship: A Cross Between Street and Social Entrepreneurship

Jugaad is a demotic Hindi word that's used in the context of something that's a mix of creativity, innovation, and cleverness. The word is used in adjective and noun forms. So, one could have a “Jugaad” approach to solving a problem, or one could be using a product of “Jugaad” inventiveness. The spirit of Jugaad is embodied in the ability to work with limited available resources, but also building something relevant and useful. Similarly, Entrepreneurship involves a constant craving for the goal under acute adversities. An entrepreneur would certainly favor minimizing investment costs and maximizing the profit. Thus, Jugaad provides the shortest and the easiest of the ways to be a successful entrepreneur. As a developing nation India, particularly need entrepreneurs to solve certain social issues with minimal resources. It may be quoted as Frugal Social Entrepreneurship, which is now an Indian trademark because lack of financial support, entrepreneurs try to make something utile even out of junks such as keeping old equipment running with improvised spare parts is a classic example of street entrepreneurship. The present research article takes on Jugaad entrepreneurship, which is actually a blend of social and street entrepreneurship. Several case studies of street entrepreneurs from India are quoted here are of those who have presented answers to social problems via their Jugaad. The article is theoretical in nature, adopted case study approach and based on observation, primary and secondary data.

The Kauffman Index of Main Street Entrepreneurship: National Trends 2016

For the first time since the recovery got underway, Main Street entrepreneurship activity is at higher levels in 2016 than those recorded before the onset of the Great Recession. This increase was primarily driven by a jump in the business survival rates, which reached a three-decade high of 48.7 percent. This means almost half of new businesses are making it to their fifth year of operation. Greater longevity for startup businesses marks a major turnaround from the Great Recession, which saw the business survival rate drop to a low of 42.9 percent in 2011. Survival rates have increased every year since then. The national Rate of Business Owners and the Established Small Business Density remained steady in the 2016 Main Street Index. The Rate of Business Owners was 60 out of 1,000 adults, the same as the previous year. Business Density changed little, logging 676 established small businesses per 1,000 businesses. However, the results show that U.S. small businesses have gotten smaller over the last 20 years. The smallest of those small businesses – companies with one to four employees – make up 53.1 percent of all established small businesses, up from 49.5 percent in 1996.

The Kauffman Index 2016: Main Street Entrepreneurship State Trends

The Kauffman Index of Main Street Entrepreneurship is a comprehensive indicator of small business activity in the United States, integrating high-quality sources of timely information into one composite indicator. The Index captures business activity in all industries and is based on both a nationally representative sample size of roughly 900,000 responses each year and on the universe of all employer businesses in the United States on a dataset covering approximately five million businesses. The focus here is on business owners based on a location, survival rates of firms, and established small businesses—employer firms five years old and older and with fewer than fifty employees. As such, we examine both the business owners and the businesses they own.Main Street entrepreneurship is an important aspect of the U.S. economy and society. Established small businesses make up almost 68 percent of all employer firms in the United States and are a source of local economic activity.This report represents trends in Main Street entrepreneurship activity of the past two decades for all fifty states of the United States. Two separate reports look at these same trends in the forty largest metros in the country and at the national level. Some Main Street Entrepreneurship Index components, when available, also are reported by demographic groups.

The Kauffman Index 2016: Main Street Entrepreneurship Metropolitan Area and City Trends

The Kauffman Index of Main Street Entrepreneurship is a comprehensive indicator of small business activity in the United States, integrating high-quality sources of timely information into one composite indicator. The Index captures business activity in all industries and is based on both a nationally representative sample size of roughly 900,000 responses each year and on the universe of all employer businesses in the United States on a dataset covering approximately five million businesses. The focus here is on business owners based on a location, survival rates of firms, and established small businesses — employer firms five years old and older and with fewer than fifty employees. As such, we examine both the business owners and the businesses they own.Main Street entrepreneurship is an important aspect of the U.S. economy and society. Established small businesses make up almost 68 percent of all employer firms in the United States and are a source of local economic activity.This report represents trends in Main Street entrepreneurship activity of the past two decades for the forty largest metropolitan areas in the United States by population. Two separate reports look at these same trends in all fifty states and at the national level. Some Main Street Entrepreneurship Index components, when available, also are reported by demographic groups.

Varieties of Entrepreneurial Capitalism: The Culture of Entrepreneurship and Structural Inequalities of Work and Business Creation

AbstractAs the labor market has changed over recent decades, a distinctive culture has evolved in tandem, epitomized by the innovation and dynamism of Silicon Valley. This culture of entrepreneurship celebrates autonomy and risk‐taking, legitimizes a shift toward flexible, contingent, and precarious work, and compels workers to continuously network, self‐improve, and self‐promote. This culture has helped to disseminate entrepreneurial practices to sectors of the economy traditionally characterized by stability and job security. We shed light on these changes by putting forward a new typology distinguishing between four ideal types of entrepreneurial activity: Silicon Valley entrepreneurship, Main Street entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial self‐employment. Each adopts the language and normative behaviors of the culture of entrepreneurship, but the ‘entrepreneurs’ working within these domains enjoy starkly different levels of creative and financial autonomy. Integrating scholarship on economic sociology, work and labor, cultural sociology, and critical theory, we explore the underlying dynamics of entrepreneurship that cut across institutional contexts in unexpected and sometimes contradictory ways. The conceptual understanding of entrepreneurship we put forward recognizes both entrepreneurship's relationship to past forms of business creation and its contemporary cultural influence, while also underscoring the various constraints and inequalities intrinsic to these forms of market activity.

The Kauffman Index 2015: Main Street Entrepreneurship Metropolitan Area and City Trends

The Kauffman Index: Main Street Entrepreneurship is a novel indicator of small business activity in the United States, integrating high-quality sources of timely information into one composite indicator. The Index captures business activity in all industries, and is based on both a nationally representative sample size of roughly 900,000 responses each year and on the universe of all employer businesses in the United States. The focus here is on established small businesses — employer firms older than five years and with fewer than fifty employees — and the business owners based on a location. As such, we examine both the business owners and the businesses they own.Main Street entrepreneurship is an important aspect of the U.S. economy and society. Established small businesses make up 63 percent of all employer firms in the United States and are a source of local economic activity.Entrepreneurship is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, and the Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurship series — the umbrella initiative for all Kauffman Index reports — studies and analyzes entrepreneurship from various perspectives. Another report, the Kauffman Index: Startup Activity, seeks to view the beginnings of entrepreneurship, focusing on new business creation, market opportunity, and startup density. This series, the Kauffman Index: Main Street Entrepreneurship, takes a different angle and attempts to understand prevalence of local small business.This report presents trends in Main Street entrepreneurship activity for the forty largest metropolitan areas in the United States by population.

The Kauffman Index 2015: Main Street Entrepreneurship State Trends

The Kauffman Index: Main Street Entrepreneurship is a novel indicator of small business activity in the United States, integrating high-quality sources of timely information into one composite indicator. The Index captures business activity in all industries, and is based on both a nationally representative sample size of roughly 900,000 responses each year and on the universe of all employer businesses in the United States. The focus here is on established small businesses — employer firms older than five years and with fewer than fifty employees — and the business owners based on a location. As such, we examine both the business owners and the businesses they own.This report presents trends in Main Street entrepreneurship activity over the past two decades for all fifty states of the United States. Main Street entrepreneurship is an important aspect of the U.S. economy and society. Established small businesses make up 63 percent of all employer firms in the United States and are a source of local economic activity.Entrepreneurship is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, and the Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurship series — the umbrella initiative for all Kauffman Index reports — studies and analyzes entrepreneurship from various perspectives. Another report, the Kauffman Index: Startup Activity, seeks to view the beginnings of entrepreneurship, focusing on new business creation, market opportunity, and startup density. This report, the Kauffman Index: Main Street Entrepreneurship, takes a different angle and attempts to understand prevalence of local small business.This report presents trends in Main Street entrepreneurship activity for the fifty states of the United States, and analyzes trends for states looking at them in two different cohorts: one for the twenty-five largest states by population and another for the twenty-five smallest states by population.

The Kauffman Index 2016: Main Street Entrepreneurship National Trends

The Kauffman Index of Main Street Entrepreneurship is a comprehensive indicator of small business activity in the United States, integrating high-quality sources of timely information into one composite indicator. The Index captures business activity in all industries and is based on both a nationally representative sample size of roughly 900,000 responses each year and on the universe of all employer businesses in the United States on a dataset covering approximately five million businesses. The focus here is on business owners based on location, survival rates of firms, and established small businesses — employer firms older than five years and with fewer than fifty employees. As such, we examine both the business owners and the businesses they own.Main Street entrepreneurship is an important aspect of the U.S. economy and society. Established small businesses make up almost 68 percent of all employer firms in the United States and are a source of local economic activity.This report presents trends in Main Street entrepreneurship over the past two decades for the United States. Two separate reports look at these same trends in all fifty states and the forty largest U.S. metropolitan areas. Some Main Street Entrepreneurship Index components, when available, also are reported by demographic groups.

The Kauffman Index 2015: Main Street Entrepreneurship National Trends

This report provides a broad index measure of small local business activity in the United States. It presents an equally weighted index of two normalized measures of small and local business activity: 1. The Rate of Business Owners in the economy, calculated as the percentage of adults who own a business on average, per year.2. The Established Small Business Density of a region, measured as the number of established (older than five years) small employer businesses (with less than fifty employees) normalized by population.

Badanie przedsiębiorczości artystów ulicznych. Metodologia etnograficznych badań terenowych na rynku doznań

Badanie przedsiębiorczości artystów ulicznych. Metodologia etnograficznych badań terenowych na rynku doznań

Street Entrepreneurship among Tribal Women - Insights from Mizoram

Women entrepreneurs play a significant role in the street markets of the tribal state of Mizoram. Street entrepreneurship has always been subsumed under the realm of informal economy and, till recent times, ignored and disdained. However, in refutation of the early views on informal entrepreneurship as simply a residue or leftover from an earlier mode of production and as a disappearing phenomenon, research studies in recent times have depicted them as entrepreneurs possessing entrepreneurial attributes, traits and qualities This paper is based on a study conducted in Thakthing street market, in Aizawl where about 450 street entreprenurs sell vegetables in the Saturday ‘Zing’ Bazaar. Entrepreneurship is largely a socio-economic phenomenon, as entrepreneurs are embedded in socio economic systems such as caste, education, religion, income, age, which mould their entrepreneurial attitudes. This paper attempts to study the social framework of the entrepreneurs, viz. tribal origin, religion, caste, gender, family structure, family size, educational qualifications and marital status of the street entrepreneurs in Thakthing market.

Evaluating competing theories of street entrepreneurship: some lessons from a study of street vendors in Bangalore, India

Conventionally, street entrepreneurs were either seen as a residue from a pre-modern era that is gradually disappearing (modernisation theory), or an endeavour into which marginalised populations are driven out of necessity in the absence of alternative ways of securing a livelihood (structuralist theory). In recent years, however, participation in street entrepreneurship has been re-read either as a rational economic choice (neo-liberal theory) or as conducted for cultural reasons (post-modern theory). The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically these competing explanations for participation in street entrepreneurship. To do this, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 871 street entrepreneurs in the Indian city of Bangalore during 2010 concerning their reasons for participation in street entrepreneurship. The finding is that no one explanation suffices. Some 12 % explain their participation in street entrepreneurship as necessity-driven, 15 % as traditional ancestral activity, 56 % as a rational economic choice and 17 % as pursued for social or lifestyle reasons. The outcome is a call to combine these previously rival explanations in order to develop a richer and more nuanced theorisation of the multifarious motives for street entrepreneurship in emerging market economies.

Determinants of Street Entrepreneurial Success

Street entrepreneurship is one of the rapidly growing areas in the present business world. Understanding the factors affecting this business is important for the business people. This study has revealed many facts concerning the socio-economic and motivational factors affecting street entrepreneurship. Among many socio-economic and motivational factors, size of initial investment, number of workers, family business and promising demand of product/services are some of the major determinants of street entrepreneurial success.The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. V, No. 1, 2008, December Page: 85-92