This study examines how changes in residential permanency during the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders impacted street and cybercrimes in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Drawing on routine activity theory, we hypothesize that street crimes (theft, auto theft, residential burglary, and robbery) were negatively associated with residential permanency, measured by residential presence from Google Mobility Reports. In contrast, we expect cybercrimes (online fraud) to be positively associated, as increased time at home likely led to greater online activity and exposure to digital victimization. ARIMA time-series models confirmed these predictions for all street crimes except robbery, indicating that offenders adapted to the new circumstances. Surprisingly, cybercrimes were also negatively associated with residential permanency. Ad hoc analysis suggests a potential association between cybercrimes and street crimes. When electronic devices are stolen or private information is accessed (including credit cards, documents, passwords, and other confidential data), perpetrators can utilize these resources to commit further offenses in the digital domain. As a result, the decrease in street crimes may have mitigated the potential catalyzing effect of the orders on cybercrimes, highlighting the need for new theoretical frameworks.

The overall impact of violent crimes on the long-term quality of life of victims has been examined. Emphasis is placed on the need for a careful and ethically responsible application of criminological concepts such as «victim behaviour» and on viewing the concept of “crime victim” through a statistical lens. The practice of the Supreme Court regarding the determination of the amount of moral (non- pecuniary) damage is analyzed, as well as a relevant case of the European Court of Human Rights, with particular attention paid to current challenges in the application of law when compensating for moral harm. The article emphasizes the complexity of calculating a truly fair amount of compensation for victims and provides an example from judicial practice concerning non-pecuniary compensation for moral damage. It highlights the need for specialized psychological training of authorized officials prior to their interaction with victims of violent crimes, as the process of pre-trial investigation should be conducted in a psychologically safe and ethically sensitive manner for the victims. Statistical data are provided concerning the deterioration of life quality in victims of violent crimes during the post- traumatic period. Various spheres of life are explored. The need for the development of rehabilitation programs for individuals (and their close ones) who have experienced violent crimes or the loss of loved ones is highlighted. Attention is drawn to the traumatic experiences of victims during the stages of pre-trial investigation and judicial proceedings. Relevant national legislation provisions regarding state support for crime victims are reviewed. A list of specific measures aimed at easing the process of victim interviews is presented. The importance of implementing modern victim-entered approaches is emphasized, given that responsible professionals often fail to demonstrate sufficient flexibility and empathy when working with individuals who have suffered both physical and psychological trauma.The issue of avoidance and the problem of crime latency are discussed. It is noted that victims, by choosing not to report crimes to the authorities in an attempt to avoid re-victimization, do not always worsen their condition, since overcoming the consequences is often largely facilitated by conscious support from family, friends, or support communities. Тhe importance of reporting crimes and the broader societal harm caused by tolerating criminal behaviour is underscored.

Crimversations: "Exploring the effect of motor traffic on street crime"

ABSTRACTStreet crimes in urban areas are influenced by the physical characteristics and built environment of a city, including road networks, visibility, lighting, and land use distribution. Traditionally, authorized data sources such as city maps have been used to investigate these urban form parameters. However, with advancements in technology, user‐generated spatial content (UGSC) or volunteered geographic information has become available, offering advantages such as real‐time updates and unrestricted access. This research integrates both authorized and UGSC data sources to explore the relationship between the occurrence of street crimes and multiple criteria related to land use and road network characteristics. We employ three data‐driven methods: Support Vector Regression, Partial Least Squares regression, and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR). Our findings reveal that GTWR is robust for modeling the correlation, achieving an accuracy of 55%. Notably, network indexes (e.g., Integration and Total Depth), commercial and miscellaneous land uses, and the population aged 18 to 44 significantly impact street crime occurrence. These insights can guide urban planners and decision makers in developing effective crime reduction strategies during the urban planning phase. By considering the effect of planned road network and land use mix development strategies in relation to crime occurrence, quantified through our proposed data‐driven approach, cities can enhance safety and security for their residents.

How White is Low-Level White-Collar Crime? A Multi-Level Comparison of Fraud and Street Crime

This study aims to determine the communication strategy carried out by the Yogyakarta Special Region Police Public Relations in building public trust in the police, especially in handling street crimes that are rampant in the Yogyakarta area. Street crimes or what are known to the public as "klitih" have become a public concern because they create a sense of insecurity and lower the image of the police. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants in this study include members of the Yogyakarta Special Region Police Public Relations, community leaders, and the general public. The results of the study show that the Yogyakarta Special Region Police Public Relations implements a communication strategy that refers to the seven elements of strategic communication according to Cutlip, Center, and Broom, namely: credibility, context, content, clarity, continuity and consistency, channel, and capability of the audience. In addition, the communication strategy is implemented through two channels, namely external and internal communication by optimizing social media, mass media, official websites, and cooperation with various elements of society. A humanistic approach, openness of information, and cross-sector collaboration are important keys in forming a positive image of the police. This study concludes that the communication strategy implemented by the DIY Regional Police Public Relations is quite effective in increasing public trust, although improvements are still needed in delivering messages to make them easier for the wider community to understand.

ABSTRACT In the media and research, Islam is often described as an amplifier of crime and a trigger for radicalization in criminal milieus. However, street criminals becoming religious is a social phenomenon that mostly deters crime. In the nexus where street culture meets Islam, Islamic rituals work as a resource of desistance. Informed by ritual studies and lived religion, this study explores the ritual practices of 25 Muslim men with a criminal background to provide new insights into the function of religious rituals for a specific social group. The participants’ experiences with street crime were shaped by hedonism, violence, and distress; they selected and performed Islamic rituals with the potential to change their lives. Their ritual practices, which I refer to as ‘desistance rituals’, were explicitly embodied, emotionally charged, and collectively performed and operated as a means of self-discipline, resocialization, and social recognition.

Street crime is a form of criminality that often occurs in urban areas, including West Jakarta, where crime rates are still relatively high. One of the main contributing factors is the low level of public legal awareness, which has led to increased cases of theft, robbery, and physical violence in public spaces. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of public legal awareness and law enforcement efforts by the police in reducing street crime rates in West Jakarta. This research uses empirical legal research type with inductive method. Primary data was collected through interviews with police officers and a survey of West Jakarta residents, while secondary data was obtained from legal documents, crime statistics, and related literature. A multidisciplinary approach was used, including sociological, legal, and comparative (with a case study in Singapore). The results show that low public legal awareness is a significant factor in the high rate of street crime. Consistent law enforcement, legal education, and intensive policing by the police proved effective. The research recommends a holistic and collaborative approach between the government, police, and community to increase legal awareness and reduce street crime rates in West Jakarta.

Urban streets are primary settings for criminal activities. Although prior studies have examined various environmental factors influencing criminal behavior, insufficient attention has been paid to street configurational types within street network morphology. To address this gap, this study employs kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of assault, robbery, larceny, and motor vehicle theft in Detroit in 2019. Based on these spatial patterns, a comprehensive street environmental indicator system was constructed, incorporating three dimensions: street network morphology, nodal characteristics, and socioeconomic attributes. Negative binomial regression models were subsequently employed to analyze the effects of these factors on the spatial distribution of the four crime types. The findings reveal significant spatial clustering of all four types of crimes in Detroit. Neighborhoods with a higher proportion of community roads, increased street permeability for pedestrians, a higher density of dining establishments, and elevated rental rates were more likely to experience criminal activities. Conversely, neighborhoods with a greater number of intersections exhibited lower crime frequencies. Areas with a higher percentage of residents holding bachelor’s degrees or above were more prone to property crimes. In terms of street network morphology, the proportion of ring roads (cell-ratio) had a positive impact on assault, robbery, and larceny. This study contributes to the literature by expanding the indicator system for analyzing the relationship between street environments and crimes, enriching existing crime pattern theories, and providing new perspectives and practical guidance for street design aimed at crime prevention.

Abstract Crime represents a complex social challenge, and understanding it is a crucial step for implementing effective measures to mitigate this problem. Public security agencies in the state of Minas Gerais, in the southeast of Brazil, currently document the spatiotemporal details of crimes, particularly street crimes, in their reports, enabling comprehensive analysis of these incidents. The aim of our study is to examine, using the provided data by the Military Police of Minas Gerais, the relationship between the urban topology of cities of similar size and the occurrence of street crimes. These cities also share the presence of a medium-sized university population, driven by the presence of significant federal university hubs in each of them. An approach using complex networks and their centrality measures is employed to understand the spatial concentration of street crimes in these cities over the period from 2014 to 2022. The results show, among other findings, that the closeness centrality measure exhibits the highest correlation with areas of criminal concentration. These findings may offer valuable insights into the potential application of complex network analysis for informing public policies and urban planning strategies aimed at enhancing public safety and addressing street crime in similar urban contexts.

Street crime is a critical public concern, attracting wide social and research attention. Conventional solutions to reduce street crimes are dispatching more police force in patrol and installing more cameras for street surveillance, which, however, suffer from huge manpower and financial consumption and limited performance. Inspired by the wide application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in policing and other related missions such as street surveillance, we investigate the use of UAVs in patrolling along high-risk streets to deter street crimes. UAVs significantly outperform police officers and street cameras in terms of cost reduction and deterring performance improvement. Technically, this paper proposes a data-driven framework to schedule the patrol UAVs, including an online patrol path planning module and an offline UAV station siting module. In the first module, the street-level deterring effect of the UAVs is estimated using a prediction-enhanced method, which guides the UAVs to patrol the high-risk streets more efficiently. Evolved from the path planning algorithm, the second module utilizes a data-driven method to estimate the deterring effect of the candidate UAV stations with different numbers of UAVs. Then both the location of the UAV stations and the UAVs at each station are determined. The proposed framework is comprehensively evaluated using a 6-year crime dataset of the Denver city. The results show that the proposed framework improves the deterring effect by 58.49% on average, and up to 157.32% in extreme cases compared to baselines.

This study aims to determine the Law Enforcement Against Motorcycle Gang Actions in the Jurisdiction of the Deli Serdang Police. In this study, the researcher used the method The type of research used in this study is the type of empirical legal research. Empirical legal research is a method carried out by looking at the reality that applies in the implementation of street crime regulations carried out by motorcycle gang communities and obstacles in implementation, by conducting studies or research on the implementation of factual laws. The role of the Traffic Police in controlling motorcycle gang actions in the jurisdiction of the Deli Serdang Police has a very important contribution in creating security, order, and traffic safety. Through preventive efforts such as routine patrols, vehicle raids, and education to the community, as well as repressive actions in the form of firm action against violations, the Traffic Police are able to suppress motorcycle gang activities that disturb the community. The success of controlling motorcycle gangs cannot be separated from the synergy between the police, local government, and full support from the community.

Response to Anthony Gregory’s Review of <i>Dual Justice: America’s Divergent Approaches to Street and Corporate Crime</i>

Dual Justice: America’s Divergent Approaches to Street and Corporate Crime. By Anthony J. Grasso. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2024. 333p.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of contemporary trends in the design of artificial urban lighting environments, with a focus on the use of innovative technologies, energy-efficient solutions, and principles of environmental sustainability. The relevance of this research stems from the growing demands placed on urban spaces, where lighting functions not only as a practical necessity but also as a key component of the social, aesthetic, and ecological urban environment. Modern approaches to urban lighting design prioritize the integration of advanced technologies that optimize energy consumption and minimize negative environmental impacts. The study explores issues related to the creation of comfortable and safe public spaces, as well as the increasingly pressing problem of light pollution, particularly in large metropolitan areas across the globe. One of the central challenges addressed in the article is the integration of environmentally safe and economically viable solutions into urban lighting systems. The use of LED lighting, smart control systems, and renewable energy sources not only helps reduce energy use and lower carbon emissions but also contributes to the overall quality of the urban environment, making it safer, more convenient, and visually appealing for residents. Particular attention is given to the impact of lighting design on the city’s environmental resilience and on the psycho-emotional well-being of its inhabitants. The study highlights how modern technologies and innovative design solutions can create more comfortable living conditions, enhance public safety, increase nighttime visibility, and reduce street crime. The potential of intelligent lighting systems that adapt to environmental changes is also discussed, emphasizing their role in improving the quality of life and everyday comfort of city dwellers. Additionally, the article analyzes successful international case studies and identifies the most effective approaches to urban lighting design based on global best practices. The research demonstrates that a comprehensive approach-combining innovation, energy efficiency, and environmental awareness is essential for shaping sustainable and harmonious urban spaces in the future. The innovative strategies presented in this paper are grounded in advanced studies conducted both internationally and within Ukraine, allowing for the formulation of recommendations regarding the future development of urban lighting and the conservation of energy resources. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of continued scientific research in the field of new technologies, the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly lighting solutions, and the incorporation of expert and community input in the planning and design of public spaces.

Street crime is one of the social problems that continues to be a concern in Indonesia because it has a direct impact on the security and comfort of the community. Criminal policies in overcoming street crime are an important instrument for law enforcement officers and policy makers to reduce the crime rate. This article aims to analyze the effectiveness of criminal policies implemented in overcoming street crime in Indonesia. A normative legal approach is used by analyzing related laws and regulations as well as legal literature and law enforcement reports. The focus of the study includes provisions in the Criminal Code (KUHP), Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police, and Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The results of the study indicate that although the policy has provided a strong legal basis, enforcement and coordination between institutions still need to be improved so that overcoming street crime can run effectively and sustainably. This study provides recommendations for strengthening policy synergy and community-based preventive approaches.

This study examines the impact of negative social media trends on juvenile and street crime in Indonesia, focusing on the behaviors and motivations of adolescents influenced by online content. Using qualitative analysis, data were collected through interviews with five informants, including social media analysts, law enforcement officials, community leaders, and adolescents. The findings reveal that social media trends often glorify risky and criminal behaviors, which are further amplified by peer pressure and group dynamics. Nighttime settings, coupled with a lack of recreational alternatives, exacerbate the issue by creating opportunities for crime. Additionally, the lack of digital literacy among youth contributes to their susceptibility to harmful content. This study highlights the urgent need for digital literacy education, community engagement, and policy interventions to mitigate the influence of negative trends on social media and reduce juvenile crime in Indonesia.

The article substantiates the need to search for a connection between social inequality with ethnocentrism attitudes in order to prevent its negative manifestations. Based on the materials of the RUSSET (Russian Socio-Economic Trends) longitudinal study and the CESSI study, the dynamics of ethnocentrism of Russians in the period 1995-1999 and 2023, as well as the factors influencing the severity of ethnocentrism attitudes are being analyzed. It was revealed that throughout the entire study period, Russians are characterised by in-group favouritism, that intensified in 2023, as well as consistently maintained positive attitudes towards representatives of national minorities. The only exception is 1999, when manifestations of rigid ethnocentrism were observed: the majority of Russians expressly agreed that crime was growing because of representatives of national minorities and that they threatened the Russian political system. Such assessments are explained by the context of 1999, that was characterised by such events as the war in Chechnya, terrorist attacks (explosions of apartment buildings), high levels of street crime, etc. With the use of the principal component method, it was revealed that social attitudes towards ethnocentrism in all years of the study form a single three-component structure. Its components are called by the author 1) &amp;amp;quot;inflexible ethnocentrism towards the national minorities&amp;amp;quot;, 2) &amp;amp;quot;flexible ethnocentrism&amp;amp;quot;, 3) &amp;amp;quot;inflexible ethnocentrism towards one's own country&amp;amp;quot;. Among the specific features of these components, it can be noted that a typical representative of the first group has a secondary specialised or vocational education. Typical representatives of the second group are respondents aged 34-41 who do not experience significant material problems. Representatives of the third group mainly belong to the age category from 18 to 33 years, that is explained by the general orientation of this age group towards the European civilisational path of development. Using regression analysis, factors associated with ethnocentrism were identified. It was found that the frequency of communication with representatives of national minorities, high self-assessment of income, belonging to a group with a higher level of education, and a high level of interpersonal trust increase attitudes that can be characterised as flexible ethnocentrism. It was concluded that social inequality is associated with ethnocentrism attitudes, since an increase in income and an increase in the level of education lead to an increase in ethnocentric flexibility. Belonging to the age group from 18 to 33 years, voting in elections for right-wing parties, and external locus control increase attitudes that can be characterised as inflexible ethnocentrism.

The research aims to examine the state's responsibility in fulfilling health costs for victims of street crime in D.I Yogyakarta based on the 1945 Constitution and Presidential Regulation No. 82/2018 excluding the provision of health insurance for victims of klitih crime violence. The research method used is normative juridical with the framework of Pancasila welfare state theory, which focuses on analyzing legal norms and public policies. This research confirms the discrimination between existing policies and the principle of state responsibility in fulfilling health rights for victims. Current policies have not fully met constitutional standards in providing health protection to victims of violent crimes, which has the potential to hinder their rehabilitation process. Most victims face challenges in accessing health services due to lack of coverage. Therefore, comprehensive policy reforms are needed to strengthen social protection, by optimizing inter-agency cooperation, and ensuring fair and equitable accessibility of health services for all victims of criminal acts.

Crime is a significant social, economic, and legal issue. This research presents an open-access spatiotemporal repository of street and neighborhood crime data, comprising approximately one million records of crimes in China, with specific geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) and timestamps for each incident. The dataset is based on publicly available law court judgment documents. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are employed to extract crime events at the neighborhood or even building level from vast amounts of unstructured judicial text. This dataset enables more precise spatial analysis of crime incidents, offering valuable insights across interdisciplinary fields such as economics, sociology, and geography. It contributes significantly to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in fostering sustainable cities and communities, and plays a crucial role in advancing efforts to reduce all forms of violence and related mortality rates.