Streblus Asper Research Articles (Page 1)

(+)-Strebloside, a significant bioactive compound isolated from the roots of Streblus asper Lour., demonstrates inhibitory effects against multiple malignancies. However, its specific function and underlying mechanistic pathways in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) remain unexplored. This investigation sought to elucidate the role and potential mechanisms of (+)-strebloside-induced NHL cell death. The results demonstrated that (+)-strebloside significantly induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in NHL cells, including those from Raji cell-derived xenograft models. Mechanistic analyses revealed that (+)-strebloside enhanced six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3 (STEAP3)-induced ferroptosis in NHL, and STEAP3 inhibition reduced the proliferation-inhibitory effects of (+)-strebloside. Furthermore, (+)-strebloside suppressed NHL proliferation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibition diminished the proliferation-inhibitory activity induced by (+)-strebloside. These findings indicate that (+)-strebloside presents promising therapeutic potential for NHL treatment.

Streblus asper Lour, a member of the Moraceae family, is a widely recognized ethnomedicinal plant in India, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Thailand. It is valued for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. This study investigates the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of S. asper hydroalcoholic extract, validating its traditional use among local communities in Assam. Plant samples, collected from Lakhimpur, Assam, and authenticated by the Botanical Survey of India, underwent extensive phytochemical screening, revealing the presence of cardiac glycosides, triterpenoids, phytosterols, coumarins, and anthocyanins. The antioxidant activity, assessed via the DPPH free radical scavenging method, yielded an IC50 value of 263.84±0.14 µg/ml, indicating significant radical scavenging potential. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 60 µl and maximum activity at 120 µl, comparable to standard antibiotics such as azithromycin and penicillin G. Physicochemical standardization, including loss on drying, ash values, and extractive values, confirmed the extract's quality. These findings support the ethnomedicinal significance of S. asper, particularly as a dental stick in Assam for preventing oral ailments. The study emphasizes the plant's potential for developing novel therapeutic formulations and highlights the need for further research to explore its pharmacological applications, aiming to integrate it into modern medicine for societal health benefits.

Qualitative phytochemical analysis and toxicity to Artemia salina are carried out using three extracts of Streblus asper fruit, a minor wild edible fruit of Odisha, followed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. Results revealed that fruit extracts have diverse secondary metabolites, and methanol extract showed the highest toxicity to A. salina. The aqueous, methanol, and ethanol extracts of S. asper fruits contain tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, and alkaloids. The aqueous, methanol, and ethanol extracts of S. asper fruits exhibit cytotoxicity against brine shrimp nauplii, with death rates ranging from 60 to 100% at concentrations of 25–125 mg/mL. The aqueous extract exhibited the highest cytotoxicity at a concentration of 100 mg/mL, resulting in a 100% death rate. Methanol extract shows the highest cytotoxicity at 125 mg/mL (100% death rate). Ethanol extract shows the highest cytotoxicity at 100 mg/mL (100% death rate). Positive control (Vincristine sulfate) and negative control (3.5% saline) showed expected results. Using the chloroform-methanol (2:3) solvent system, TLC analysis showed clear spots for the aqueous and methanol extracts. Rf values for aqueous extract spots: 0.58, 0.70, and 0.88. Rf values for methanol extract spots: 0.81 and 0.60. These findings suggest that S. asper fruit extracts possess bioactive compounds with potential, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which are attributed to phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The brine shrimp nauplii assay indicates the cytotoxic effects of these fruit extracts on cancer cells. There are potential applications in the pharmaceutical and medicinal industries.

Two undescribed cardiac glycosides, strasperoside K (1) and L (2), together with five known analogs (3-7), were isolated from Streblus asper Lour. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. The inhibitory activities of isolated compounds against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and six strains of pathogenic bacteria were evaluated.

Lith ium-ion batteries (LIBs) are chemically reactive rechargeable energy storages. Silica (SiO2) is one of the most popular alternative materials to replace graphite as an anode material in LIBs due to its higher specific capacity, non-toxicity, and natural resources. Streblus asper Lour. (Khoi) is widely grown in Southeast Asia and contains high SiO2 and SiO2/C levels in its leaves. In order to overcome the volume change issue of Si-based materials and enhance cycle stability, carbon (C) and polypyrrole (PPy) were utilized to reinforce the SiO2 structure during the lithiation/delithiation process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized to investigate the SiO2, C, and PPy amorphous phases of the synthesized products. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), which confirmed the formation of PPy in composites. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed different morphologies of SiO2 aggregates, SiO2/C with plate layers, the network structure of PPy and in the composites with PPy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the aggregation of nano-sized SiO2, SAED phase confirmation, and demonstrated the coating of PPy on SiO2/C (KSCPy composites), indicating the presence of C and PPy as supporters. In addition, the performance of synthesized composites as anodes was investigated by assembling them into half-coin cells and performing electrochemical tests. Khoi-SiO2/C/PPy (KSCPy) obtained a specific capacity of 497.9 mA g−1 for 400 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and the lowest charge transfer resistance. Furthermore, these materials have the potential to be used as sustainable anode materials in LIBs due to their use of natural materials, a non-toxic synthesis method, and C and PPy as both support materials and conductive polymers, which can enhance electrical performance as anode materials

Isolation and characterization of novel natural fiber from Streblus asper

Abstract Material analysis was carried out on four manuscripts from Northern Thailand, which included two palm-leaf manuscripts and two paper manuscripts. The two palm-leaf manuscripts MS 6 and MS 7 were found to have been written in the traditional method, wherein text was incised on the surface of the leaves, and then soot applied to the surfaces, confirmed by the identification of carbon ink. MS 7 additionally showed the presence of trace levels of iron in the ink, either from soot paste or from the stylus used for inscribing. The paper manuscript MS 3 was written in iron-gall ink, with sections written using a methyl-violet based ink while MS 4 was written in carbon ink. The paper used in the case of MS 3 was found to be machine made, while khoi fibres (Streblus asper) were used for making the paper used for MS 4. A combination of traditional and modern pigments, like molybdenum orange, was used for decorating the edges and cover. The results improved our understanding of these manuscripts in particular, and also provided us with insights about the rapid adoption of modern materials and their incorporation into the production of written artefacts from Northern Thailand in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Efficacy of medicinal plants and their derived biomolecules against Plasmodium falciparum

This research aims to explore the phenolics identification, phenolics quantification, antioxidant and potential biofunctional properties of lesser-known Thai fruits and their potency to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Including, Antidesma puncticulatum, Dillenia indica, Diospyros decandra, Elaeagnus latifolia, Flacourtia indica, Garcinia dulcis, Lepisanthes fruticose, Mimusops elengi, Muntingia calabura, Phyllanthus reticulatus, Streblus asper, Syzygium cumini, Syzygium malaccense, Willughbeia edulis and Schleichera oleosa were analyzed by their phenolic and flavonoid content. These fruits have received limited scientific attention, prompting an investigation into their health benefits, particularly their relevance to diabetes management. The study utilized methanolic crude extracts to measure phenolic and flavonoid levels. Additionally, UHPLC-DAD was utilized to identify and quantify phenolics. The methanolic extracts were assessed for antioxidant and antidiabetic abilities, including α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition. The study highlighted S. cumini as a rich source of phenolic (980.42 ± 0.89 mg GAE/g and flavonoid (3.55 ± 0.02 mg QE/g) compounds with strong antioxidant activity (IC50 by DPPH; 3.00 ± 0.01 µg/ml, IC50 by ABTS; 40±0.01µg/ml, FRAP; 898.63 ± 0.02 mg TE/ml). Additionally, S. cumini exhibited promising antidiabetic effects (S. cumini IC50; 0.13 ± 0.01 mg/ml for α-glucosidase inhibition, 3.91 ± 0.05 mg/ml for α-amylase inhibition), compared to Acarbose (IC50; 0.86 ± 0.01 mg/ml for α-glucosidase inhibition, 0.39 ± 0.05 mg/ml for α-amylase inhibition). Remarkably, compounds like catechins, gallic acid, kaempferol, and ellagic acid were identified in various quantities.This study suggests that these fruits, packed with phenolics, hold the potential to be included in an anti-diabetic diet and even pharmaceutical applications due to their health-promoting properties.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the chemopreventive potential of Streblus asper extracts against prostate cancer cells. Specifically, it seeks to assess the efficacy of these extracts in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation within these cancer cells. Methods: The inhibitory effects of S. asper extracts were evaluated using the TBEA technique to determine the IC50 values. Morphological changes were indicative of apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, rounding, vacuolization, formation of apoptotic bodies, membrane blebbing, and cell elongation were observed following treatment. An 8-day cell proliferation assay was conducted to examine the effects on prostate cancer cell line proliferation. In addition, the safety of S. asper root extracts was assessed in vitro using a Mouse fibroblast cell line to ensure no cytotoxic effects were present on normal cells. Results: Streblus asper extracts demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, with no observed cytotoxicity on normal Mouse fibroblast cell lines. The results from the TBEA technique confirmed the extract’s potency, with noticeable morphological changes supporting the induction of apoptosis in the treated cancer cells. Conclusion: The findings from this study offer promising insights into the potential of S. asper extracts as chemopreventive agents against prostate cancer. By exhibiting significant inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis without harming normal cells, S. asper presents a viable, natural alternative in the fight against prostate cancer. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential and application in cancer prevention strategies.

Background: This study focuses on analyzing stigmasterol, a key compound found in Streblus asper lour., in both stem bark and small branches, and investigates its potential as an alternative source. Objective: To analyze the stigmasterol content in both stem bark and small branches of S. asper through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) techniques. In addition, molecular docking studies are conducted to assess the interaction of stigmasterol with selected anticancer and anti-diabetic target proteins. Materials and Methods: The study involved the comparative analysis of stigmasterol content in stem bark and small branches using HPLC techniques. Molecular docking simulations were performed to evaluate the binding affinity of stigmasterol with target proteins associated with anticancer and anti-diabetic activities. Results: HPLC analysis revealed stigmasterol content of 0.13298% in stem bark and 0.0373% in small branches. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated favorable binding energies (−9.0, −12.2, −9.8, −10.5, and −9.5 kcal/mol) of stigmasterol with selected target proteins. Conclusion: Both stem bark and small branches of S. asper contain stigmasterol, indicating their potential as a source of this compound with promising in silico anticancer and anti-diabetic activity. Utilizing small branches could offer a sustainable alternative while conserving the plant species and its ecological balance. Further validation through in vitro and in vivo studies is warranted to explore the therapeutic potential of stigmasterol fully.

The macroscopic and microscopic studies of the stem bark of Streblus asper Lour. are made. Macroscopic characters reveal that the outer surface of the bark has got longitudinal wrinkles with transverse channels. On drying the bark can be easily separated into two layers; the outer hard and the inner fibrous layer. Two types of stone cells, phloem fibres with broad lumen and large prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate are the chief diagnostic characters.

Sustainable anode materials, including natural silica and biomass-derived carbon materials, are gaining increasing attention in emerging energy storage applications. In this research, we highlighted a silica/carbon (SiO2/C) derived from Streblus asper leaf wastes using a simple method. Dried Streblus asper leaves, which have plenty of biomass in Thailand, have a unique leaf texture due to their high SiO2 content. We can convert these worthless leaves into SiO2/C nanocomposites in one step, producing eco-materials with distinctive microstructures that influence electrochemical energy storage performance. Through nanostructured design, SiO2/C is thoroughly covered by a well-connected framework of conductive hybrid polymers based on the sodium alginate-polypyrrole (SA-PPy) network, exhibiting impressive morphology and performance. In addition, an excellent electrically conductive SA-PPy network binds to the SiO2/C particle surface through crosslinker bonding, creating a flexible porous space that effectively facilitates the SiO2 large volume expansion. At a current density of 0.3 C, this synthesized SA-PPy@Nano-SiO2/C anode provides a high specific capacity of 756 mAh g-1 over 350 cycles, accounting for 99.7% of the theoretical specific capacity. At the high current of 1 C (758 mA g-1), a superior sustained cycle life of over 500 cycles was evidenced, with over 93% capacity retention. The research also highlighted the potential for this approach to be scaled up for commercial production, which could have a significant impact on the sustainability of the lithium-ion battery industry. Overall, the development of green nanocomposites along with polymers having a distinctive structure is an exciting area of research that has the potential to address some of the key challenges associated with lithium-ion batteries, such as capacity degradation and safety concerns, while also promoting sustainability and reducing environmental impact.

Cardiac glycosides from Streblus asper with potential antiviral activity

The study aims to evaluate oxidative stress and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), upon applying polyphenolic bioinsecticide isolated from Streblus asper (PBSA) at a concentration of 0.595 ?g/insect (LD50) by topical application on Dysdercus cingulatus Fabricius (Red cotton bug- Hemiptera, Pyrrhocoridae). The results demonstrated that the active fraction exhibited significant inhibition in activities of AChE, antioxidant enzymes and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and a significant increase in the lipid peroxides (MDA/ TBARS) which led to the fact that D. cingulatus became more susceptible to the tested PBSA. The study has provided basic information on the mechanism of action of PBSA that will be promising to develop effective alternatives to synthetic insecticides.

Soft and hard elements are mandatory components in the garden. Both of these elements play an important role to give the impression of beauty in the garden. This study aims to find out what are the soft and hard elements in Bangli City Square Park. The location of this research was carried out in Bangli City Square Park. The determination of the research location was carried out deliberately with the consideration that this location is strategic and is in the center of Bangli City so that it becomes an attraction for visitors. Data collection techniques using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis by describing the hard and soft elements and their maintenance techniques. The research results showed that there were 15 soft elements consisting of Litchi chinensis, Zoysia Japonic, Hibiscus, Terminalia mantaly, Plumeria, Cocos nucifera, Bougainvillea, Casuarinaceae, Streblus asper, Arenga pinnata, Cycas, Cactaceae, Garcinia mangostana, Saraca asoca, Cyrtostachys lace and there are 4 felt elements consisting of statues, trash cans, ponds, garden lights.

Thailand's second-leading cause of death is lung cancer. Thai indigenous herbal plants are sought after as an alternative treatment against lung cancer. This work aimed to examine cytotoxic, antiproliferative and antimigratory capacities of different parts of Streblus asper (SA) from northeastern Thailand on A549 lung cancer cells. Plant leaves, twigs, bark and wood were used for ethanolic extraction by maceration. The highest cytotoxicity of 85.46% was found in twig extract (IC50 57.46 µg/mL) assessed by an MTT assay. The lowest IC50 (18.42 µg/mL) was also found in twig extract using a clonogenic assay indicating its most antiproliferative activity in a long-term therapy. In addition, all SA extracts displayed antimigratory activity against A549 cells in a dose-dependent fashion, especially twig extract. Apoptotic characteristics were noticeable in SA extract treated cells. The maximum DPPH-scavenging activity, FRAP value, total phenolic and flavonoid content were found in twig extract. GC-MS analysis revealed that twig extract contained four prominent components namely ethyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, lupeol and γ-sitosterol. Real-time PCR results showed that genes (Bcl-2, Bax, p21, and cytochrome c) linked to apoptosis were significantly affected by all SA extracts. The various SA components' ethanolic extracts exhibited moderate-to-high cytotoxic action towards A549 cells. This work will significantly advance the utilization of the plant as an alternative source of medicine for rural Thais, and it paves the way for future research to determine the active compound(s) and anticipate new drug candidates.

Glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in the HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line has been recognized as a valuable cell model for the study of neurotoxicity associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the relevance of this cell model for AD pathogenesis and preclinical drug screening remains to be more elucidated. While there is increasing use of this cell model in a number of studies, relatively little is known about its underlying molecular signatures in relation to AD. Here, our RNA sequencing study provides the first transcriptomic and network analyses of HT22 cells following glutamate exposure. Several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their relationships specific to AD were identified. Additionally, the usefulness of this cell model as a drug screening system was assessed by determining the expression of those AD-associated DEGs in response to two medicinal plant extracts, Acanthus ebracteatus and Streblus asper, that have been previously shown to be protective in this cell model. In summary, the present study reports newly identified AD-specific molecular signatures in glutamate-injured HT22 cells, suggesting that this cell can be a valuable model system for the screening and evaluation of new anti-AD agents, particularly from natural products.

Background: Neurite outgrowth is an important process in neural reorganization and repair after neuronal injury. Neurite outgrowth is one of the important mechanisms to maintain normal physiological neuronal function. Neurite stimulation may help to prevent or rehabilitate brain regions in neurodegenerative disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to screen selected ethnopharmacological herbs for stimulatory effects on neurite outgrowth and to test for any cytotoxicity and phytochemical properties. Materials and methods: The herbal extracts derived from Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. leaves, Carthamus tinctorius L. flower, and Streblus asper Lour. bark was tested for neurite outgrowth stimulation/potentiation and cytotoxic and phytochemical properties. Results: The extract of Carthamus tinctorius L. flowers at concentrations of 50 and 500 µg/mL could significantly stimulate potentiation of neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2a cells whereas other extracts could not. We found that treatment of the cells with a concentration up to 500 µg/mL of the Carthamus tinctorius L. extract showed no cytotoxicity. Conclusion: The neurite potentiation effect might be due to other chemical constituents rather than phytochemical properties, especially total flavonoid, and phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity of the Carthamus tinctorius L. extract. The result showed that Carthamus tinctorius L. flowers extract could be a good candidate for use as a drug protecting against neuronal damage and neurodegenerative disease since it provides low cytotoxicity and neurogenic enhancement.

The potency of herbal extracts and its green synthesized nanoparticle formulation as antibacterial agents against Streptococcus mutans associated biofilms