Physical exercise for the elderly is not only an inevitable choice for addressing individual health crises but also a strategic necessity for alleviating pressure on medical resources and building an active aging society. Through methods such as literature review and logical analysis, this study focuses on the digital divide faced by the elderly in smart sports applications. By examining the application of smart sports in elderly physical exercise and the manifestations of the digital divide, it proposes mitigation pathways to provide theoretical references and practical insights for constructing an age-friendly digital health ecosystem, thereby enhancing the physical health of the elderly. The research indicates that smart sports applications for the elderly involve five key aspects: health monitoring and risk, personalized exercise prescription systems, virtual reality and immersive training, social motivation, and remote rehabilitation integrated with smart elderly care. The digital divide primarily manifests in three dimensions: technological access barriers, disparities in digital literacy and cognitive abilities, and psychological and social exclusion. At its core, the digital divide reflects a conflict between the logic of technological iteration and the demand for social equity. Based on this, the study constructs a three-dimensional mitigation framework of "technological optimization-social support-policy," proposing solutions through age-friendly technological redesign, multi-stakeholder collaboration mechanisms, and inclusive policy design.

The growing complexity of global supply chains and the rising demand for efficient logistics solutions have made Third-Party Logistics (3PL) services a strategic necessity for modern businesses. This study explores the impacts of 3PL services on a logistics company, focusing on four key dimensions: operational efficiency, cost reduction, service quality, and scalability. By collecting and analyzing primary data from internal stakeholders, the research evaluates how outsourcing logistics functions—such as transportation, warehousing, and inventory management—affects overall organizational performance. Statistical tools such as Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and Regression Analysis are employed to interpret relationships between key performance indicators and 3PL outcomes. The findings reveal that 3PL services significantly enhance operational flexibility and cost-effectiveness, while also improving delivery performance and customer satisfaction. However, the study also identifies certain challenges, such as coordination issues and risks associated with service dependency. The insights generated aim to guide logistics firms in making informed decisions regarding 3PL adoption, ensuring strategic alignment with organizational goals. KEYWORDS: Third-Party Logistics (3PL), Company Performance, Supply Chain Management, Logistics Outsourcing, Operational Efficiency, Cost Reduction, Service Quality, Technology Integration, Inventory Management, Transportation Services, Warehousing Solutions, Logistics Optimization, Business Competitiveness, Organizational Growth

Agile leadership has emerged as a strategic response to the challenges faced by organizations in the digital era, particularly within a VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity) environment. The rapidly changing business landscape requires organizations to adapt quickly and make decisions with flexibility. Agile leadership offers an approach that emphasizes adaptability, collaboration, innovation, and the courage to experiment and learn from failure through the principle of "fail fast, learn fast." This approach helps teams develop solutions iteratively, test new ideas, and respond to market changes more effectively and efficiently.This article discusses the critical role of Agile leaders in supporting organizational transformation by fostering a culture of openness, distributing responsibilities more evenly, and creating an environment that promotes individual and team growth. Through case studies of several leading technology companies that have successfully implemented Agile leadership, the article illustrates how this approach can enhance business resilience, accelerate innovation processes, and provide sustainable added value for stakeholders.In conclusion, Agile leadership is not merely a new management style but a strategic necessity in facing the challenges of the digital age. By promoting cross-functional collaboration, fast decision-making, and a continuous learning orientation, Agile leaders can guide organizations to remain relevant, competitive, and adaptive in an increasingly fast-paced and complex market environment.

The article explores the integration of sustainable development principles into the economic behavior of financial entities as a pivotal factor in achieving long-term economic growth. It highlights the importance of ecological, social, and governance (ESG) criteria in shaping financial decisions and fostering sustainability. The study identifies key challenges hindering the implementation of sustainable practices, including insufficient regulatory frameworks, inadequate financial incentives, and the lack of standardized tools for evaluating their effectiveness. Particular attention is paid to the role of financial entities in promoting sustainable development by incorporating ESG factors into their decision-making processes. The research underscores the necessity of aligning business objectives with broader societal and environmental goals, emphasizing the mutual benefits of such alignment for stakeholders and the global community. The article analyzes the positive impact of adopting sustainable practices on financial resilience, risk mitigation, and long-term competitiveness. It demonstrates how sustainable strategies contribute to reducing environmental and social risks while enhancing corporate reputation and investor confidence. Moreover, the study stresses the role of technological innovations and data analytics in facilitating the monitoring and evaluation of sustainability efforts within financial systems. The paper offers recommendations to strengthen the integration of sustainable development principles, including improving regulatory policies, introducing targeted incentives such as tax benefits or subsidies, and fostering collaboration between governments, businesses, and civil society. It also advocates for the development of educational programs and awareness campaigns to enhance the understanding of sustainability among financial entities and their stakeholders. In conclusion, the article argues that integrating sustainable development principles into the economic behavior of financial entities is not only a moral imperative but also a strategic necessity in the face of global challenges. It calls for coordinated efforts to overcome barriers and unlock the full potential of sustainability-driven economic models.

The automation and optimization of SAP software installation in corporate workstations are critical for enhancing scalability, security, and efficiency. Manual deployment processes are time-consuming, error-prone, and challenging to standardize in large-scale environments. This study explores automation tools such as Ansible, Terraform, and SCCM to streamline SAP deployment, reducing manual intervention and ensuring consistent configurations across multiple devices. The research also highlights the significance of security measures, including system hardening, least privilege policies, and multi-factor authentication, to mitigate potential vulnerabilities. A comprehensive literature review examines recent advancements in SAP deployment automation, emphasizing scalability and security. Studies demonstrate that integrating automation with cloud-based infrastructures improves deployment consistency, while compliance automation frameworks facilitate regulatory adherence. Additionally, AI-driven monitoring solutions enhance system reliability by predicting failures and optimizing resource allocation. The discussion highlights how automation tools significantly reduce deployment time while improving traceability and security. Standardized installation protocols prevent misconfigurations, and centralized deployment management minimizes human errors. Moreover, implementing security best practices safeguards SAP environments against cyber threats, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. This study concludes that automating SAP installation is a strategic necessity for organizations seeking operational efficiency, security, and scalability. Future research should explore AI-based automation to further refine installation processes and enhance proactive threat detection. By adopting automation and security best practices, organizations can achieve a more resilient and efficient SAP deployment framework.

Nurses play a pivotal role in the healthcare system, yet their mental health is increasingly compromised due to the demanding and high-stress nature of their work. Burnout, emotional exhaustion, and stress have become prevalent among nurses, negatively impacting their well-being and the quality of care they provide. As the backbone of patient care, prioritizing nurses’ mental health is essential for ensuring a resilient and effective healthcare system. Therefore, this study aimed to critically assess the mental health challenges faced by nurses, examine the implications of these challenges on patient care and healthcare system performance, and propose evidence-based strategies to enhance nurses’ mental well-being and work environments. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, utilizing electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, focusing on studies published between 2018 and 2024. The review was guided by Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit theory, which provided a framework for understanding the self-care needs of nurses and the interventions required to address them. The review identified several critical factors contributing to mental health issues among nurses, including high patient-to-nurse ratios, prolonged working hours, and exposure to emotionally charged situations. These factors lead to burnout, decreased job satisfaction, and increased turnover. However, implementing targeted interventions such as adequate staffing, flexible scheduling, access to mental health resources, and supportive work environments was found to significantly improve nurses’ mental health and work performance. In conclusion, prioritizing the mental health and well-being of nurses is not only a compassionate approach but also a strategic necessity for improving patient care and healthcare system efficiency. By fostering a supportive work environment and implementing evidence-based strategies, healthcare organizations can enhance the resilience and job satisfaction of nurses, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and a more sustainable healthcare future.

The article explores the integration of digital payment systems into e-commerce as a key factor in strengthening enterprise economic security. It emphasises the strategic role that digital payments play in ensuring financial stability, reducing operational risks, and enhancing customer trust, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study synthesises current academic discourse and industry reports, focusing on the advantages of real-time transaction processing, transparency, compliance with regulatory standards, and operational efficiency. It highlights the risks associated with cybersecurity threats, platform interoperability, and legal non-compliance. Empirical insights are drawn from the integration experiences of Eastern European SMEs using platforms such as PayPal, LiqPay, and Fondy. In addition, the article examines the transformative potential of blockchain-based systems, artificial intelligence, and decentralized finance technologies in reshaping payment infrastructures. It concludes that the integration of secure and innovative digital payment systems is not merely a technological upgrade, but a strategic necessity that directly supports economic resilience and long-term competitiveness in the digital economy.

The primary objective of this study is to propose the necessity of establishing a comprehensive promotional cultural center for the Army, with the aim of enhancing intangible military capabilities and supporting the Army’s strategic operations. This facility is designed to mitigate the cultural isolation of service members while simultaneously strengthening the Army’s public relations framework. The study conducts an in-depth analysis of the current status of the Army’s promotional and cultural activities and reviews theoretical frameworks related to exhibition design and brand communication. Additionally, case studies of promotional cultural centers operated by other institutions and organizations were examined to derive fundamental design concepts for the proposed Army facility. The results demonstrate that transitioning from conventional, one-directional promotional exhibits to narrative-driven, immersive displays can significantly improve audience engagement, thereby optimizing the overall effectiveness of the promotional center. These findings were incorporated into the foundational design framework for the Army’s promotional cultural center. Moreover, this research substantiates the strategic necessity and feasibility of the center's construction and provides recommendations for securing financial resources essential for its implementation.

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) reporting is often treated as a compliance exercise rather than a tool for transparency and continuous improvement, leading to superficial disclosures that fail to enhance workplace safety. This conceptual study proposes a framework to shift OSH reporting from compliance-driven to transparency-focused practices. The framework emphasizes regulatory adherence, voluntary disclosure, stakeholder engagement, digital integration [e.g., blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI)], and accountability mechanisms. A qualitative methodology was employed, synthesizing literature to address gaps such as the lack of standardized frameworks, resource constraints, cultural resistance, and inconsistent enforcement. Key findings reveal that transparency-focused reporting significantly improves safety outcomes, with organizations achieving substantial reductions in workplace accidents. Stakeholder engagement enhances hazard identification, while digital tools increase data credibility. The study highlights the transformative potential of integrating technology and participatory governance to bridge compliance and transparency gaps. The framework offers actionable strategies for organizations and policymakers, advocating for harmonized standards, cultural adaptability, and scalable technological solutions. Future research should explore cultural influences, evaluate digital tools in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), and assess regulatory impacts. By adopting this framework, organizations can foster safer workplaces, build stakeholder trust, and achieve long-term resilience. The study underscores that moving beyond compliance to transparency is both a strategic necessity and an ethical imperative for sustainable OSH practices.

The rapid evolution of Human Resource Management (HRM) has been significantly influenced by advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data analytics. Traditional HR practices, which relied on manual decision-making and intuition, have been transformed by HR analytics, enabling data-driven workforce management. The integration of AI into HRM has further revolutionized employee engagement, talent acquisition, performance management, and workforce productivity. This paper explores the transition from HR analytics to AI-driven HRM, emphasizing its role in enhancing organizational efficiency. AI-powered HRM systems leverage predictive analytics, natural language processing, and machine learning algorithms to optimize talent management strategies. These technologies facilitate personalized employee experiences, automate repetitive HR tasks, and provide actionable insights for strategic decision-making. Moreover, AI-driven HRM enhances employee engagement through intelligent chatbots, real-time feedback mechanisms, and personalized learning platforms, fostering a more dynamic and inclusive workplace culture. Despite its benefits, AI adoption in HRM presents challenges such as data privacy concerns, ethical implications, and the risk of algorithmic biases. This paper discusses these limitations and explores potential mitigation strategies to ensure responsible AI implementation. Additionally, it highlights emerging trends in AI-driven HRM, including the role of generative AI, sentiment analysis, and adaptive learning systems in shaping the future of human resource practices. By examining scholarly research, industry case studies, and best practices, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of AI’s impact on HRM. It offers insights into how organizations can leverage AI and HR analytics to drive workforce productivity and engagement while addressing the associated ethical and operational challenges. The findings suggest that AI-driven HRM is not just a technological advancement but a strategic necessity for modern businesses seeking to build a resilient, high-performing workforce in an increasingly digital era.

In the context of global environmental and social challenges, the integration of ESG principles into production processes is becoming a strategically important area for the sustainable development of enterprises. This study analyzes the impact of an ESG-oriented approach on improving the efficiency of resource use, reducing the carbon footprint and forming circular business models. Particular attention is paid to the synergy of ESG principles and the concept of a circular economy that promotes a closed cycle of production and consumption. The role of marketing in promoting sustainable practices, including green marketing and brand-oriented strategies aimed at increasing consumer loyalty, is also considered. The study identifies key tools and methods for integrating ESG approaches into industrial production, taking into account the possibilities of digitalization and innovative technologies. Strengthening corporate governance – transparency, anti-corruption, compliance with sustainable development standards. Today ESG principles in production are not just a trend, but a strategic necessity for competitiveness, investment attractiveness and long-term business development. Advantages of circular economy: reduction of raw material costs – reuse of materials, reduction of waste – recycling, secondary production, stability of supply – dependence on new natural resources is reduced, compliance with regulatory requirements – companies avoid fines for environmental pollution.Marketing promotes sustainability: creating awareness – educating consumers on environmental practices, promoting circular goods – stimulating demand for recycled and sustainable products, creating an emotional connection with the brand – supporting global initiatives (e.g. nature protection), enhancing the company's reputation – compliance with ESG standards.

The enhancement of the Naval base is a strategic necessity to support the security of the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes II (ALKI II). This study aims to analyze the strategies to be implemented in improving the Naval base, based on Naval base standardization and a literature review. The research employs a quantitative approach using SWOT analysis and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA). The results indicate that, based on the SWOT analysis, Weaknesses and Opportunities have a weighted score of 3.75, focusing on addressing internal weaknesses while leveraging external opportunities. The proposed strategies include: Enhancing Healthcare Infrastructure in Coastal Areas through Government Policies, Developing an Integrated Transportation System to Connect Coastal Areas with the New Capital City (IKN) in East Kalimantan, Improving Community Education Quality through Maritime Training Programs and Collaboration with Universities, Optimizing Technology to Mitigate the Impact of Extreme Weather on Maritime Activities, Establishing Partnerships with Local Governments to Improve Social and Security Infrastructure in Coastal Areas, Developing a Maritime Tourism Ecosystem in Remote Areas to Boost Local Economic Activities, Implementing Maritime Security Policies that Support the Enhancement of Monitoring and Sea Patrol Infrastructure, and Strengthening Collaboration between Government and the Private Sector for the Sustainable Development of the Maritime Services Industry. Meanwhile, based on Cost-Benefit Analysis, the top-priority strategy is Enhancing Healthcare Infrastructure in Coastal Areas through Government Policies

Based on available data in an open-source environment, there was no military antagonism nor any provocative exercises between U.S. and Russian forces in the Arctic between 2022 and 2024. This contrasts the 2015–2021 period where the two rivals provoked each other outside the coast of Norway. Why have U.S. and Russian forces stopped antagonizing each other? Using brinkmanship as a theoretical model of explanation, this study finds the Ukraine War to be an Arctic tranquilizer. This is partly due to fear of nuclear escalation but also due to strategic necessity: neither U.S. nor Russian forces can afford an overstretch problématique in the contemporary international environment. As both protagonists forge self-imposed restraints, Russia’s 2022 invasion has inadvertently led to more Arctic stability.

In today's business world, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) is an increasingly important component of corporate strategy. This approach combines three key aspects focusing on the company's sustainable and responsible management. Implementing ESG standards is important not only because it improves a company's image and sustainability but also because more investors and customers are looking to associate with companies that demonstrate a responsible attitude toward society and nature. Thus, ESG is not just a moral choice but a strategic necessity in the modern business environment. The article aims to review the tools related to ESG indicators that help organizations track their progress toward sustainability, the main concepts related to sustainable development and corporate sustainability, tools and methods for measuring corporate sustainability, and the integration of ESG into the company's strategy. The conclusion that must be drawn is that despite the difficulties and challenges associated with choosing the right tool to track the sustainability of business organizations, ESG is a valuable aid, providing them with important information. Timely interpretation of this information can be of great benefit to organizations, preventing their exposure to risks and shocks of an economic, social, or environmental nature. The application of tools to report on progress toward sustainable development contributes to the positive image of organizations and their contribution to the environment in which they operate.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the digital transformation process in Russia, with the subject of research being the digitalization of local government activities. Modern global challenges, including sanctions pressure, cyber threats, and the need for import substitution, influence the digitalization of state and municipal governance, making it not just a trend but a strategic necessity. In the current geopolitical situation, digital technologies enhance the effectiveness of public administration, ensure transparency of processes, and improve the stability of government operations. Special attention is given to the import substitution process: it reduces dependence on foreign solutions, strengthens cybersecurity, and helps to respond quickly to changing conditions. The relevance of the digital transformation process in municipal government is outlined in the study; a questionnaire covering current specialized topics related to information technology was developed for employees of the Nizhny Novgorod city administration. The research utilized a survey method: 100 municipal employees participated in a survey on digitalization, which included 23 questions. Methods of synthesis, analysis, and generalization of statistical data, and analysis of regulatory legal acts were also employed. The novelty of the study lies in conducting a unique specialized survey among government employees, allowing for the identification of key features and previously unrecognized problems and challenges in the area of digital transformation. Based on the analysis of municipal employees' responses to the survey questions, the results indicated a good state of the IT infrastructure in the municipality. However, respondents noted several problematic areas, primarily related to the unstable operation of certain digital services and difficulties encountered when using office programs that were implemented as part of the course on technical and software import substitution. Feedback was obtained from employees who presented their own visions on the use of advanced cross-cutting technologies, such as artificial intelligence, and suggested changes that they believed would positively impact the digital transformation process of government bodies. The analysis of the research results made it possible to identify the most pressing issues and potential development directions for the digital transformation process in Russia.

International peace operations have undergone significant transformation since their inception, evolving from basic ceasefire monitoring to addressing multifaceted global challenges. This research essay explores the contemporary landscape of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping, emphasizing the growing importance of partnership peacekeeping in responding to complex conflicts. The study highlights the historical evolution of UN peacekeeping, from early missions like the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) to modern multidimensional operations tasked with political processes, civilian protection, and post-conflict reconstruction. Despite its achievements, UN peacekeeping faces mounting challenges, including increased conflict zones, reduced funding, geopolitical fragmentation, and the rise of non-state actors such as private military companies and terrorist groups. Partnership peacekeeping emerges as a strategic necessity in addressing the complexities of modern conflicts. While it offers significant advantages, its success depends on clear communication, shared objectives, and coordinated efforts among all stakeholders.

ABSTRACT This study critically examines sustainability reporting within Germany’s mechanical and plant engineering sector, focusing on the alignment with European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) and the disclosure of essential environmental metrics. Through a methodical assessment of 329 companies statistically representative for the sector, the research uncovers significant variations in reporting practices and a general shortfall in meeting ESRS requirements, especially in key environmental aspects. Methodologically, the research integrated a thorough analysis of public sustainability reports alongside a direct collection of data to evaluate the scope and depth of reporting. The findings reveal that while some companies are actively engaging in comprehensive sustainability reporting, a majority display considerable gaps, particularly in disclosing critical environmental information. This study highlights the need for enhanced transparency and robust reporting mechanisms to address and mitigate transitory environmental risks faced by the sector. By bridging these reporting gaps, companies could better align with regulatory expectations and stakeholder demands, thus safeguarding their operational viability and competitive edge in an increasingly regulated market. The insights gained underscore the challenges companies face in adapting to stringent sustainability standards, emphasising the strategic necessity of proactive engagement in sustainability reporting practices.

This study aims to explore the role of reading competence in English literacy for vocational students, focusing on its impact on human resource management and the effectiveness of public learning organizations. The method used is a descriptive qualitative literature review to identify the required competence levels, basic literacy needs, and the urgency of developing effective reading skills in preparation for entering the job market. The results show that reading competence goes beyond basic literacy and includes understanding technical materials, specific industry documents, and job-related texts, all of which are crucial for successful navigation in chosen fields as well as the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This study also highlights the fundamental needs of vocational learners, including access to educational resources aligned with their field of expertise, and adequate language support programs for various levels of English proficiency. This research recommends enhancements to vocational curricula, professional development for educators, language support programs, and collaboration between vocational institutions and employers. The implications of this study confirm that reading ability is not merely a skill but a strategic necessity for vocational success that enhances job eligibility and adaptability, as well as supporting growth in human resource management and public learning organizations.

Digitalisation is among the most significant factors driving the development of the modern economy. It encompasses a broad array of technologies and solutions that transform the organisation of business processes, optimise resource utilisation, and create conditions for enhancing the competitiveness of companies. In today's world, where globalisation and rapid technological changes have become integral to economic activity, digitalisation is no longer merely a competitive advantage – it has become a strategic necessity for ensuring the long-term sustainability of businesses. The implementation of digital technologies facilitates the automation of routine processes, reduces costs, enhances labour productivity, and improves the accuracy and speed of decision-making. For example, the adoption of cloud computing ensures easy access to real-time data, big data analytics provides deeper insights into customer needs, and artificial intelligence (AI) optimises the execution of complex tasks. The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionising manufacturing processes, while blockchain creates new opportunities in finance, logistics, and data security. In addition to enhancing operational efficiency, digitalisation has a significant impact on the strategic aspects of organisational activities. It opens up opportunities for the development of new business models and the creation of additional revenue streams. For instance, the adoption of digital commerce platforms or subscription-based models enables firms to significantly expand their customer base and maintain continuous customer engagement. However, the process of digitalisation is accompanied by significant challenges. These include the need for employees to adapt to new technologies, the high cost of implementing innovations and cybersecurity issues such as data protection. Despite these challenges, the benefits of digital transformation are clear, as they open up new opportunities for economic growth and innovation. This article aims to analyse the impact of digitalisation on the efficiency of business processes, identify the key technologies driving digital transformation, and assess its broader significance for the economy. Particular attention shall be given to both the benefits and the challenges encountered by organisations in their journey towards digital transformation.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced significant ethical challenges, particularly regarding human dependency and technological mediation. This research examines the ethical boundaries and human-AI dependency portrayed in the movie Atlas through Verbeek’s mediation theory and Floridi’s principles of AI ethics. Using a qualitative method, the study analyzes pivotal scenes and dialogues to explore themes of autonomy, control, trust, and moral decision-making. Findings reveal the dual nature of AI dependency: as a strategic necessity enabling human-AI collaboration, exemplified by Neural Link technologies, and as a source of conflict, highlighted by the autonomous AI Harlan’s misaligned ethical reasoning. While AI can amplify human capabilities and foster cooperative outcomes, its autonomy raises concerns about accountability and value alignment. The research underscores the importance of designing ethical, transparent, and accountable AI systems, contributing to broader discussions on balancing technological innovation with human autonomy. Keywords: accountability; autonomy; AI ethics; human dependency; technological mediation