The integration of intermodal transportation services is a strategic necessity for improving the quality of urban transportation services. To realize the integration of services, it should be focused on the main transportation nodes in an area, such as Poris Plawad Terminal and Batu Ceper Station in the Poris Plawad Area, Tangerang City. This study aims to evaluate and determine strategies for improving the integration of intermodal transportation services in the Poris Plawad Area. The results of this study are expected to provide consideration for stakeholders to encourage the use of public transportation and realize the successful development of the Poris Plawad Area in the future. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a total sample size of 202 respondents. Respondent data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to users of transportation services at Poris Plawad Terminal and Batu Ceper Station, as well as residents who are active within a radius of 800 meters from the terminal and station. This research uses the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) methods. The results of the IPA analysis show that there are five service variables that are considered important but low-performing, so they need to be prioritized for improvement, including the provision of pedestrian crossing facilities, the provision of proper sidewalks, disturbance-free pavement quality, and access into and out of the node that is free from traffic conflicts. Recommended solutions based on TRIZ principles include building a sky bridge and closing the south entrance for access into and out of the station; building a sidewalk connected to the node that is built higher than the road surface and uses high-quality materials; placing sidewalk bollards; and permanently closing the station access point that passes through the railway level crossing. These improvements are expected to enhance accessibility, safety, and walkability, encouraging greater public transport use and aligning with the area’s Transit Oriented Development goals.

Introduction: Improving the quality of healthcare services has become a strategic necessity in the contemporary business environment, even in the face of the challenging and unstable conditions. This improvement has emerged as one of the essential goals healthcare institutions seek to achieve to enhance their competitiveness and ensure their sustainability. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of internal marketing, with its dimensions of employees' selection, training, motivation, empowerment, and internal communication, on improving the quality of healthcare services in the Yemeni private hospitals in Ibb City. Methods: To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical approach was used relying on a questionnaire using Likert's seven-point scale. The study included a stratified random sample of 414 individuals from a population of 1,638 employees in 12 hospitals. Results: The study concluded that the level of internal marketing availability was moderate, with a mean score of 4.70 and a standard deviation of 1.031, representing 67.1% of the total average whereas the quality of health services was high, with a mean score of 5.59 and a standard deviation of 0.904, representing 80% of the total average. The results also showed a statistically significant impact of internal marketing with dimensions of employees' selection, motivation, empowerment, and internal communication of combined on improving the quality of health services while training dimension did not demonstrate a significant impact on the quality of health services. Conclusions: Internal marketing is an influential factor in improving the quality of health services in the Yemeni private hospitals. Although its level is still moderate, its overall impact is positive and statistically significant. Furthermore, four of its dimensions (employees' selection, motivation, empowerment, and internal communication) play a direct role in improving service quality. However, it appears that training is not implemented effectively enough to have a significant impact, which calls for a reconsideration of mechanisms for designing and implementing training programs.

The accelerating pace of digital and environmental transformation presents both opportunities and challenges for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across the European Union. While digital tools like data analytics can significantly boost operational efficiency and sustainability, many SMEs lack the internal capabilities to fully leverage them. This study investigates how upskilling employees in digital competencies can help SMEs enhance their digital maturity and achieve long-term resilience. A descriptive trend analysis was based on Eurostat datasets focusing on enterprise size categories and examining indicators such as data analytics activities, the prevalence of ICT training, and difficulties encountered in recruiting ICT specialists. Visualized through Tableau, the data reveal notable disparities: in 2023, only 14.5% of small and 33.8% of medium-sized enterprises with high digital maturity performed data analytics, compared to 59.4% of large enterprises. Despite clear demand, only 5% of small and 20% of medium enterprises attempted to recruit ICT-skilled personnel, frequently citing a lack of qualified candidates or unaffordable salary expectations. SMEs rely on their own staff for data analytics tasks, yet many still do not offer structured training. While countries like Finland stand out, with 61.7% of medium enterprises providing ICT upskilling, others fall well below the EU average. These results underscore that internal skill development is not just a workaround but a strategic necessity for SMEs striving to keep pace with digital demands, overcome labor market constraints, and build a foundation for sustainable growth.

Digital transformation is a strategic necessity for traditional businesses to survive and compete in the digital era. This research aims to identify the challenges and opportunities faced by traditional businesses in the digitalization process. Using a qualitative approach, this study analyzes data from several case studies of traditional businesses in the trade and services sectors that are undergoing the digital transformation process. The results show that the main challenges include technological limitations, low digital competence of human resources, organizational culture resistance, and limited capital. On the other hand, opportunities that can be utilized include broader digital market access, operational efficiency through automation, and product innovation based on customer needs. Successful strategies include HR training, adaptation of organizational culture, selection of appropriate technology, and collaboration with external parties. This research contributes to the digital transformation literature and offers practical recommendations for businesses and policymakers in supporting inclusive and sustainable digital transformation in the traditional business sector.

Abstract In an increasingly interconnected world, multicultural education has become fundamental for preparing individuals to work across cultural and national boundaries. The Military Academy, as a higher education institution, has increasingly embraced multiculturalism in its educational strategies. Through two major initiatives—the Vestibular program, welcoming cadets from Portuguese-speaking countries, and the International Spring Semester, which promotes academic mobility and cross-cultural military training—the Academy fosters a learning environment enriched by cultural diversity. This paper explores how these programs help develop intercultural skills, teamwork, and strategic thinking in future military leaders, arguing that promoting cultural awareness is not just an educational benefit but a strategic necessity for building globally effective leadership in military institutions. It examines the pedagogical adjustments, institutional frameworks, and student experiences associated with multicultural integration in military education. The study looks at how teaching methods, school policies, and people’s experiences help support multicultural learning. Information from students and others involved shows both the difficulties and the positive sides of bringing diversity into military education. Ultimately, it argues that cultivating cultural awareness and adaptability through structured multicultural engagement is not only an academic enrichment but a strategic necessity in preparing officers for 21st-century security dynamics.

Taiwan's semiconductor industry has become a focal point in the escalating U.S.-China tech rivalry. At the center stands Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the world’s top contract chipmaker, strategically positioned amid global tensions. As the competition intensifies, Taiwan has emerged as a key player in the international semiconductor supply chain. To mitigate geopolitical risks, global firms are adopting diversification strategies such as “China + 1” and “Taiwan + 1,” reshaping the foundry and packaging landscape. TSMC’s business model reflects this interdependence, with major revenue from U.S. clients while maintaining links to China. This balance illustrates Taiwan’s careful navigation of geopolitical risks. Given the strategic value of semiconductors for both military and civilian applications, any conflict would be highly disruptive. In response, Taiwan has adopted a multifaceted strategy—strengthening international partnerships, fostering innovation, and engaging in policy dialogues—to safeguard its chip ecosystem and maintain supply chain stability. By maneuvering through these complexities, Taiwan seeks to sustain its technological edge and economic security. Growing global interest, such as Italy’s pursuit of chip partnerships, underscores Taiwan’s expanding role in the tech world. Taiwan’s semiconductor story encapsulates broader global tensions, illustrating how it balances economic goals with strategic necessity in an interconnected age.

The article presents a comprehensive comparative legal study of the constitutional and legal mechanisms for ensuring the right to higher education under the conditions of emergency legal regimes. It reveals a complex of systemic challenges faced by the higher education sector during periods of martial law or a state of emergency, including significant restrictions on physical access to educational institutions, narrowing of academic freedom, disruption of the continuity of the educational process, and transformation of traditional mechanisms for safeguarding educational rights. It is argued that the right to education, although not included in the list of absolute (inalienable) rights, should be regarded as a constitutional value requiring a special regime of protection, as it performs a key function in stabilizing public life amidst crisis transformations, contributing to the preservation of social capital, institutional continuity, and democratic development. The article provides a comparative analysis of legal and institutional approaches to ensuring the continuity of the educational process in the context of armed conflicts, using the examples of Israel, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, and Colombia. It concludes that the most effective models are those that combine normative flexibility, infrastructural security of educational institutions, the use of distance learning formats, and the application of international legal mechanisms for protecting the right to education. Based on foreign experience, the article formulates proposals for improving the national legislation of Ukraine, including the expansion of the powers of educational authorities in emergency situations, the creation of a legal framework for the operational management of the educational process during crises, and the implementation of a comprehensive state policy for the post-war recovery of the higher education system. The strategic necessity of developing a national model of resilient higher education is emphasized as a systemic tool capable of ensuring the functioning of the educational process under conditions of deep social upheaval, emergency legal regimes, and prolonged security threats. This entails the need for comprehensive institutional and regulatory preparedness of the higher education system to respond to crises, including not only the technical adaptation of educational formats and content, but also the guarantee of citizens’ inalienable educational rights as an expression of constitutional humanism. Ensuring uninterrupted access to higher education during wartime is framed not merely as a human rights obligation of the state, but as a fundamental component of national security, social cohesion, and a long-term strategy for the restoration of statehood in the post-conflict period.

Introduction: In recent years, technology profoundly transformed architecture. Digitisation, through tools such as 3D rendering and virtual reality, redefined the way architects designed and presented projects. This evolution responded to new social and market demands for more efficient, accurate and immersive processes. Although the initial investment was high, its long-term profitability justified its implementation.Development: Trend analysis showed that concepts such as ‘digital architecture’ and ‘virtual reality’ were increasingly sought after, especially in leading countries such as the United States and China. In Colombia, although growth was slower, stability was observed, reflecting continued interest. Searches on platforms such as Google Trends and academic databases such as ProQuest showed the rise of these topics, not only at the professional level, but also at the academic level. Scientific output increased significantly, with more than 26,000 publications on digital architecture and more than 64,000 on virtual reality by 2022. Several studies applied these technologies in education, cultural mediation and architectural design, highlighting their usefulness and practical applicability.Conclusions: It was concluded that digitisation was no longer an option but a strategic necessity. These tools redefined architectural practice and enhanced interaction with users. Digital architecture and virtual reality consolidated their role as fundamental elements for the future of the profession, providing competitive advantages, improving the client experience and opening up new opportunities for innovation.

Today, ecology plays an important role in the life of most spheres. Obviously, economic development is associated with environmental changes. In recent years, the Earth's ecological system has undergone a significant decline. Due to the unsustainable use of natural resources without further restoration, the efficiency of ecosystems is being impaired. The functionality of ecosystems has a direct impact on people's living standards and well-being. Environmental changes are mostly caused by the rapid economic development in most countries of the world. The needs of the population are growing every year, and the amount of natural resources is decreasing, so it is important to establish the relationship between the social, economic and natural environments. Ukraine, like many other countries, faces the need to combine economic growth and environmental protection. Therefore, the analysis of the environmental development of domestic business is extremely important for understanding current trends, identifying problematic aspects and developing effective strategies for sustainable development. In the current context of global environmental challenges, Ukrainian enterprises are increasingly realizing the importance of transition to sustainable development. The environmental development of enterprises is not only a requirement of the times, but also a strategic necessity, which implies a systematic improvement of economic activity taking into account environmental factors. The main goal of this process is to harmonize economic growth with minimal negative impact on the environment. Ecological entrepreneurship plays an important role in this process, covering both the production of environmentally friendly products and the introduction of resource-saving technologies, the use of recycled materials, the development of organic farming and alternative energy. Environmental control plays an important role in the government's policy, as it is aimed at ensuring compliance with legal regulations and promoting environmental responsibility of businesses. The effectiveness of control depends on a harmonious combination of legislative, economic, administrative and organizational instruments. In particular, the legislative framework regulates the requirements for environmental activities, economic levers form a system of incentives and sanctions, administrative levers ensure enforcement of regulations, and organizational levers create conditions for interaction between the state, business and the public. Together, they form a system that ensures not only control but also the development of environmental responsibility of enterprises. At the same time, despite the existence of a regulatory framework and control tools, the current state of environmental entrepreneurship in Ukraine remains ambiguous. Significant barriers include a lack of funding, outdated technologies, low environmental awareness among entrepreneurs, and insufficient government support. Therefore, the prospects for the development of environmental entrepreneurship directly depend on strengthening government policy, investing in innovation, and creating a culture of sustainable development among both businesses and consumers. In the context of European integration, the intensification of environmental entrepreneurship can become not only a means of environmental protection, but also a competitive advantage in the international market. Thus, the environmental development of enterprises in Ukraine is a key factor in sustainable economic growth and environmental protection. Its effective implementation requires not only controlling and legislative mechanisms, but also active participation of business, investments in eco-technologies and the formation of an environmental culture. Only with a comprehensive approach will environmental entrepreneurship become a real competitive advantage of Ukraine on the world stage.

Within the vibrant and competitive world of moment's Human resource operation( HRM), the retention of talented workers has come a strategic necessity. With adding waste rates and increased gift mobility, organisations are now looking for sophisticated tools to prognosticate and forestall hand development. Prophetic HR analytics grounded on data wisdom, which predicts hand geste , has surfaced as a revolutionary medium for perfecting decision- timber, especially in hand retention. In this exploration, the strategic use of prophetic analytics in HR functions to prognosticate waste and enhance organizational pool planning is delved . The exploration utilizes a mixed- styles design to examine both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of prophetic HR analytics. Quantitative information was deduced from medial to large- scale IT and fiscal services sector companies' HR databases, and qualitative data were collected throughsemi-structured interviews with HR interpreters and data judges in these companies. The analysis centers on the identification of top prophetic variables that impact hand retention, including job satisfaction, openings for career growth, performance, connections with directors, compensation situations, and organizational culture. Advanced- position statistical models and machine literacy ways were employed to estimate patterns and chances linked with hand departures. Results of the study reveal that there's a significant relationship between prophetic HR model deployment and lower hand development rates. Organizations that employed prophetic analytics endured advanced situations of hand engagement, bettered gift soothsaying, and lesser directorial response to arising retention pitfalls. further particularly, early discovery of high- threat workers enabled HR departments to emplace visionary interventions in the form of internal mobility programs, mentoring programs, compensation restructuring, and customized engagement plans. also, the study indicates how the relinquishment of prophetic analytics as part of strategic HRM models can alter the conventional reactive model to a visionary and farsighted model of managing workforces. Besides practical counteraccusations , this exploration also considers the ethical and data governance enterprises of prophetic analytics in HR. Issues of hand sequestration, bias in algorithms, translucency, and informed concurrence are anatomized critically. Recommendations include the perpetration of open data programs, periodic model checkups, and the representation of workers in analytics governance for icing ethical compliance and trust establishment. In the end, the exploration adds to the knowledge base of strategic HRM by furnishing a methodical frame for the integration and application of prophetic analytics to retention in the pool. It urges the consideration of aligning prophetic technology with the pretensions of the association, investing in analytics capabilities within HR, and creating an substantiation- grounded decision- making culture. While associations are being brazened with growing volatility in gift requests, prophetic HR analytics emerges as a critical tool for maintaining pool stability, enhancing hand experience, and achieving a competitive edge in managing gift

Objectives: To explore the integration of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into corporate strategies for sustainable and ethical growth. To evaluate key frameworks (e.g., SDGs, GRI, ISO 26000, CSRD) that guide CSR implementation. To assess how profitability can align with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) values. Methods: Analyzing frameworks such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), ISO 26000, and the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). Exploring stakeholder participation, corporate activism, and leadership in creating a responsible business culture. Conducting case studies and industry-wide best practices to develop a road map for sustainable business transformation. Results: CSR has evolved from a voluntary initiative to a strategic necessity, now being considered a crucial aspect of future business growth. The key frameworks (SDGs, GRI, ISO 26000, CSRD) are essential in guiding businesses toward aligning their strategies with sustainable and ethical practices. Stakeholder engagement, corporate leadership, and activism are critical to fostering a responsible business culture. Conclusion: Sustainable responsibility is not only ethical but also supports long-term business viability, faster operations, and cost savings. Businesses that integrate CSR into their operations will gain competitive advantages in the marketplace and ensure long-term success.

Managing the innovative development of agricultural enterprises’ technical and technological potential is key to ensuring their functional viability and implementing a long-term growth strategy. Integration of advanced technological solutions, particularly precision farming systems, digital platforms, and biotechnology, creates the prerequisites for a significant increase in crop production and livestock productivity. The study aims to determine the theoretical and practical aspects of implementing management of innovative development of agricultural enterprises’ technical and technological potential in Ukraine. According to the study results, the issues of managing the creative development of farming enterprises’ technical and technological potential were comprehensively analyzed, especially under martial law in Ukraine. The practical significance of this process was substantiated, and the main approaches and tasks were identified. It was proven that systemic innovation management is a critical factor in ensuring competitiveness, resource efficiency, and sustainability of agricultural enterprises, allowing them to adapt to a changing external environment, including the extreme challenges of wartime. The main approaches to innovation management are defined and detailed: systemic, process, functional, project, resource, and marketing. Their interconnection and synergistic effect are emphasized. The key principles of such management are formulated and focused on rapid implementation, resource optimization, security, and adaptability. The features of forming a comprehensive system for managing the innovative development of an agricultural enterprise’s technical and technological potential are substantiated, considering relevant strategic objectives. The conditions for using different approaches to understanding such potential are emphasized. It is noted that effective management of innovative development is a strategic necessity for the functioning and restoration of the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Keywords: management system, innovative development, technical and technological potential, agribusiness, synergy, needs.

Income generation projects (IGPs) have become an essential strategy for public universities in Tanzania to address financial shortfalls and budget deficits. This study investigated the impact of sustainable IGPs on budget deficit financing in public universities in Tanzania, integrating quantitative and qualitative findings for a comprehensive analysis. Employing an explanatory sequential design, the study drew upon data from 303 participants across Tanzanian public universities collected through questionnaires and interview guides. The validity and reliability of the data collection tools were observed using pilot study. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was applied for quantitative analysis, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Quantitative results revealed a significant positive relationship between sustainable IGPs and budget deficit financing (B=0.628, β=0.694, T=17.278, p<.05). Qualitative findings elucidated critical dimensions of sustainability; longevity, adaptability, and strategic role that underpin the success of IGPs. Longevity was highlighted through renewable revenue streams and integration into institutional structures, ensuring stability and resilience over time. Adaptability emerged as a pivotal factor, demonstrating the capacity of IGPs to adjust to economic challenges and maintain relevance amidst market fluctuations. Strategic alignment with institutional goals further amplified the role of sustainable IGPs in addressing budget deficits, enabling long-term financial planning and stability. Integrating these findings emphasized that sustainability is not merely a concept but a strategic necessity for public universities in Tanzania. Effective management practices, stakeholder engagement, and professional development were identified as essential elements driving sustainability and enhancing relevance in deficit financing. The study concludes that prioritizing IGPs with robust strategies, adaptability, and institutional alignment is crucial for addressing financial challenges in public universities. Recommendations include adopting effective management practices, diversifying project portfolios, fostering industry collaborations, involving students in project planning and execution, and cultivating a culture of continuous improvement.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0417/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Sustaincapability is a pioneer opinion that has been receiving more and more consideration by companies; Especially since the compilation of the sustaincapability report of listed companies became mandatory. Over the past decade, establishmental sustaincapability has changed aboard centralizing on issues thus as associable accountcapability relying on preserving a well credit in the associable square and patronaging the surroundings to a strategic necessity to achieve patronagable implementation in the three economic, associable and surroundingsal squares. Is Big establishments, regardless of the sustaincapability strategy, have faced competes and worse, due to their influence on their national economy, they have cautilizated their countries to suffer problems and even crises in the associable and surroundingsal squares. Therefore, procrastination in not complying with the principles and requirements of sustaincapability increases the hidden costs of establishments and even countries and makes it more hard for them to implement it with the passage of time. For this reason, in the present article, it deals with a revision method by collecting inestablishment aboard the library and internet methods and compiled revision articles on the opinion of patronagable growth and the communication among patronagable growth and person resource handling.

Your public cloud environment can't run at low latency in today's digital-driven landscape, so it has become a strategic necessity. This comprehensive article discusses actionable strategies for latency optimization in public cloud systems traversing across network, compute, and storage layers. Though slower than form 2, form 3 cannot be recommended for imports because it presents challenges like How to easily make duplex payments with very high values. Reading form 4, you will learn how a decentralized finance system comprises different core components. This delves deep into the root causes of latency, like Geographic distance, resource contention, and inefficient configurations, and proffers sufficient guidance on combatting these through architectural best practices, edge computing, private connectivity, and intelligent resource selection. It also explores how real-time monitoring, predictive benchmarking, and automation tools allow organizations to detect and deal with latency problems before those affect the user experience. New technologies like AI/ML and 5G are targeted as these technologies will completely transform cloud performance optimization through the ability to make proactive decisions and super-fast connectivity. Besides, real-world case studies show successful implementations and cautionary failures and give useful lessons for IT leaders and cloud architects. This guide offers readers the tools and knowledge to build fast, scalable, and reliable cloud applications in both a single—or, indeed, a multi—or, not least, hybrid environment. The aim is easy: their clouds should not only work but work in an optimized way for all those milliseconds of performance and response time.

The effects of the global climate crisis are creating deep economic, environmental and social pressures, especially on developing economies. In this context, green finance, one of the fundamental components of sustainable development, enables not only the reduction of environmental risks, but also the provision of energy security, increased economic diversity and strengthened social welfare. Green finance refers to a set of financial instruments that encourage low-carbon investments, reduce environmental impacts and prioritize long-term economic stability. In this context, strengthening the green finance system in developing economies poses a strategic necessity in terms of establishing an integral balance between economic development and environmental responsibility. Azerbaijan and Türkiye are accelerating their green transformation processes in line with their growth-oriented economic models as well as the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals. In recent years, both countries have prioritized the expansion of green finance mechanisms within the scope of national energy plans, carbon emission targets and financial reform packages. However, achieving these goals requires the coordinated implementation of multidimensional strategies such as eliminating structural obstacles, more strongly involving the private sector in the process and using international financial resources effectively. Increasing access to international finance is a key element for the sustainability of green finance. Partnerships with institutions such as the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the Green Climate Fund (GCF) provide Azerbaijan and Türkiye with access to long-term and low-cost resources for renewable energy, agriculture and infrastructure investments. In addition, integration into the European Union’s green bond markets, harmonization of regulatory frameworks with EU standards and implementation of hybrid finance models strengthen the green investment climate. In particular, the annual climate finance target of $250 billion, which came to the agenda during the COP29 process, supports this process by increasing developing countries’ access to project-based funds. On the other hand, the functionality of the financial ecosystem depends not only on financial resources but also on institutional capacity and social awareness. Technical training programs, transparency of ESG reporting, development of climate risk assessment infrastructures and conducting awareness campaigns at the consumer level accelerate the adoption of green finance at the institutional and social level. In this study, policy recommendations for accelerating green finance are systematically examined under the headings of capacity building, private sector collaborations and international financial access, through the examples of Azerbaijan and Türkiye. Keywords: Azerbaijan, Türkiye, green economy, green finance, strategies

This study aims to analyze the influence of digital-based public services on the work environment at the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Office (DPMPTSP) of Rokan Hulu Regency. In the digital era, the transformation of public service delivery has become a strategic necessity to improve efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness in government institutions. The implementation of digital systems is expected not only to enhance service quality for the community but also to significantly affect the internal work dynamics of public institutions. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, using interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. The findings indicate that the adoption of digital public service systems has led to improvements in work efficiency, communication, and employee motivation. However, challenges such as limited digital literacy, inadequate infrastructure, and resistance to change remain critical barriers. The study concludes that while digitalization presents numerous benefits, its success depends on comprehensive strategies including training, infrastructure development, and change management to foster a supportive and adaptive work environment.

Physical fitness and overall health are essential components of military readiness, directly influencing a soldier’s operational performance, resilience, and survivability in both combat and non-combat situations. In the physically and mentally demanding environment of military service, optimal fitness is not just a personal asset but a strategic necessity. This review paper explores the multifaceted importance of physical fitness and health for soldiers, while emphasizing the critical role played by military doctors in safeguarding and enhancing these attributes. Military doctors contribute far beyond conventional medical care; they are integral to preventive health strategies, fitness assessments, injury management, rehabilitation, and the promotion of mental and physical well-being. “Through regular health screenings, tailored fitness plans, nutritional guidance, and psychological support, military doctors help soldiers maintain peak performance and reduce the risk of injury or illness. They also play a pivotal role in deployment readiness by managing health challenges related to extreme environments, including heat, altitude, and fatigue. In recent years, the integration of technology, such as wearable fitness trackers and data analytics, has further empowered military doctors to make informed decisions and implement proactive interventions. However, their role is not without challenges—limited field resources, time constraints, and cultural barriers to seeking medical help can hinder their impact. Despite these challenges, military doctors continue to act as a cornerstone of force health protection and performance enhancement.

BackgroundAchieving gender equality in education is crucial for promoting social equity, driving economic growth, and improving overall population health. In Nepal, deeply rooted socio-cultural norms, economic disparities, and patriarchal values greatly impact women’s access to educational opportunities, particularly in the field of medicine. Although there has been an increase in female enrollment in medical programs, pervasive biases, gendered expectations, and informal cultural scripts—often referred to as the “hidden curriculum”—continue to influence their aspirations, specialty choices, and professional journeys. Understanding these dynamics is vital for ensuring women’s full engagement in the medical workforce.MethodsThis qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with fifteen final-year female undergraduate medical students at a private medical college in Bharatpur, Nepal. Thematic analysis was employed to identify and interpret the key themes.ResultsFive key themes emerged: (1) The Marriage Mandate: Negotiating Family, Tradition, and Professional Aspirations; (2) The Gendered Clinic: Unveiling Bias in Medical Education and Practice; (3) Investing in Daughters, Expecting Returns: The Gendered Economics of Medical Education; (4) Transnational Aspirations: Negotiating Mobility, Marriage, and Medical Careers and (5) Claiming Space: Agency, Resistance, and Redefining Success in the Medical Profession.DiscussionThe pervasive “hidden curriculum” of gendered barriers persists despite policy efforts, constitutional safeguards, and increasing female representation in medical schools. These challenges, if unaddressed, risk perpetuating a cycle of underutilizing women’s talents, limiting the diversity of the healthcare workforce, and hindering progress toward achieving equitable health outcomes. The findings underscore the urgent need for gender-transformative approaches that acknowledge and actively dismantle these deeply rooted biases at institutional, community, and policy levels. These approaches should focus on creating supportive structures that empower women to fully contribute to the medical profession.ConclusionFemale medical graduates encounter significant obstacles, including entrenched patriarchal norms, systemic inequalities, and a pervasive “hidden curriculum” of biases. However, they demonstrate remarkable resilience and determination in challenging stereotypes, redefining success, and reimaging their professional identities. Their experiences align with global efforts toward gender parity in education and employment. Equitable representation of women in the medical workforce is not only a moral imperative but also a strategic necessity for advancing public health, strengthening healthcare systems, and promoting social justice.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

As one of sectors that address social problems, sports can pioneer very useful social responsibility efforts with its wide area of influence. Participation in social responsibility projects, especially through popularity of football, reaches much wider audience. It is seen that unofficial fan groups, which are already part of society, can direct very different sports stakeholders with their leadership positions that will affect large masses. Although it is important for this leadership to be done with active participation, it is also fact that it can be much more effective with creative and innovative projects. By examining initiatives in which in general football fans are involved within framework of social responsibility as stakeholders of football, it can be understood which problems in social area are more important from perspective of football fans. Thus, in future, much higher level of benefit can be provided for social problems by using such resources much more effectively and efficiently. In this context, this study was conducted with aim of examining social responsibility-focused Instagram posts of fan groups of three most important sports clubs operating in sports in Turkey in context of participation, leadership, innovation and creativity. In line with purpose of the study, Instagram pages, which run by fan groups, examined belong to Beşiktaş club's Çarşı and UNIBJK fan groups, Fenerbahçe club's Genç Fenerbahçeliler and UNIGFB fan groups, and Galatasaray club's ultrAslan and UAUNI fan groups. 150 Instagram posts from each fan group, dating back to April 12, 2021, and total of 900 posts, were examined through content analysis. In content analysis, social responsibility-focused posts were coded and evaluated. In general, it was observed that the posts were made on axis of Agenda-Setting Approach. It is seen that social responsibility is increasingly becoming strategic necessity among sports stakeholders and is also used as means of strengthening legitimacy. In addition to leadership provided in terms of participation, it has been determined that there are areas that need to be improved in terms of creativity and innovation.