In today's business world, where digitalization has become a strategic necessity, the impact of leadership styles on innovation capacity is becoming increasingly important. In particular, in the aviation industry, a sector characterized by low error tolerance and high information intensity, digital leaders must not only possess the ability to implement technology but also the competence to steer organizational innovation processes and manage employees' stress levels. In this context, the primary objective of this study is to empirically investigate how digital leadership influences open innovation capability and to examine the potential mediating role of occupational stress experienced by employees in this relationship. The study sample, which employs quantitative research methods, consists of 407 participants working in the aviation sector in Türkiye. The data obtained through the survey method were analyzed using structural equation modeling with the Smart-PLS 4.1.1 program. The findings indicate that digital leadership has a direct positive effect on open innovation capability and that occupational stress plays a partial mediating role in this relationship. These findings indicate that digital transformation processes should focus not only on technology but also on human resource strategies. The study presents a unique conceptual framework within the triangle of digital leadership, open innovation, and occupational stress, highlighting the impact of leadership on innovative and psychological outcomes in high-risk sectors such as aviation.

Purpose This study aims to explore the complex interplay between Nigeria’s rapidly aging population and family caregiving, with a specific focus on the gender dynamics inherent in caregiving roles. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a multidisciplinary approach, integrating insights from demographics, sociology, gender studies and health policy, drawing from a wide array of scholarly sources to analyze the implications and gender disparities in caregiving. Findings The findings emphasize Nigeria’s aging population’s substantial impact on family caregiving, particularly the disproportionate burden on women due to traditional gender roles and cultural norms. Despite societal and economic challenges, women predominantly shoulder caregiving responsibilities, sacrificing their well-being and economic prospects. This study explores international policies supporting family caregivers, stressing tailored interventions for gender equity and easing caregiving burdens. Practical implications The recommendations advocate for policymakers, health-care providers and communities to prioritize gender equity in caregiving through caregiver-friendly policies and support systems. Education, social support and infrastructure investments are crucial for addressing the caregiver crisis, particularly impacting women. Continued research is vital for evidence-based policy development and sustainable caregiver support initiatives. Embracing gender equity is both a fairness issue and a strategic necessity for Nigeria’s evolving social landscape and sustainable development. Originality/value This paper enriches existing literature by examining Nigeria’s caregiver crisis through a gender lens. It blends prior research and policy suggestions, offering fresh perspectives on aging demographics, gender roles and caregiving duties. The focus on gender equity in caregiving introduces a progressive strategy for tackling emerging issues, advocating for inclusive support systems and challenging conventional norms.

Purpose This paper aims to outline the crucial role of “fit” in the development and maintenance of human capital pipelines. It presents the argument that “fit” is not a static concept but rather a dynamic, co-evolutionary process, where the effectiveness of the pipeline is determined by the continuous and reciprocal alignment of the evolving aspirations of both individuals and organizations. Design/methodology/approach This perspective synthesizes concepts from three key areas: Person–Environment fit theory, the Resource-Based View of the firm and organizational aspiration theory. This paper offers a refined framework that highlights the strategic necessity of managing “fit” as a continuous, dynamic process rather than a one-time, static event. This approach provides a more nuanced understanding of how organizations and individuals can achieve sustained alignment. Findings This paper elaborates on how the pursuit of performance aspirations and competitive tiering drives organizational aspirations, which in turn shapes talent acquisition strategies. It also details how individual aspirations, such as career aspirations and a desire for value alignment, guide a job seeker’s behavior. The dynamic interplay between these two sets of aspirations is shown to be the primary driver of a sustainable fit. This paper also discusses the consequences of aspiration congruence and misalignment, including the central paradox of organizational cohesion versus the need for innovation. Originality/value To date, very little conceptual work has integrated the concepts of fit and aspirations in the context of human capital pipelines. This paper offers a multidimensional framework that provides a novel understanding of these complex relationships, serving as a valuable theoretical and practical guide for researchers and practitioners alike.

The growing practice of physicians selling health products and services through social media has raised serious concerns regarding ethics, law, and professionalism, particularly in maintaining public trust and ensuring patient safety. This study use a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), reviewing 20 Scopus-indexed articles (Q1–Q3) published between 2020 and 2025 that are relevant to the theme of physicians selling on social media. The selection process followed four stages (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion) resulting in a final set of articles analyzed qualitatively through narrative synthesis. Bibliometric analysis revealed that dominant issues in the literature include conflicts of interest, insufficient disclosure in sponsored content, blurred boundaries between education and advertising, and the erosion of professionalism leading to diminished public trust. Network and overlay visualizations further indicate a shift in scholarly focus from the benefits of social media toward critiques of commercialization practices, while density visualization highlights that ethical and professionalism issues remain more prominent than legal regulation. These findings affirm that prohibiting physicians from selling products on social media is not merely a normative issue, but a strategic necessity to safeguard clinical objectivity, professional integrity, and consumer protection, while underscoring the urgency of revising medical codes of ethics and strengthening digital health literacy and regulatory frameworks.

The recent avalanche of digitalization of the financial industry in the United States has increased the complexity of cyber-enabled money laundering as well as its prevalence, which is a significant level of threat to national security and regulatory stability. More than 300 million dollars of money laundered can be detected only after the fact whereas traditional Anti-Money Laundering (AML) systems, in many cases, are based on the static rule-based framework, which fails to be responsive to threats in real-time. The paper outlines an AI-based system that will promote the resilience of cybersecurity, regulatory standards, and real-time adversarial detection in the American financial system. The framework is based on machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and predictive analytics to combine anomaly detection, behavioral modeling, and automated compliance reporting to minimize false positives and enhance detect accuracy. The mixed-method design, which involves the use of expert interviews, institutional surveys, and a simulation, based on which the study is conducted, assesses the effectiveness of AI-enhanced AML systems in the context of major indicators of accuracy in detection, speed of response, and efficiency in compliance. Results indicate that AI-based AML systems enhance early-warning systems significantly, enhance inter-institutional intelligence disclosure, and create consistency with regulatory requirements such as the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and FinCEN regulations. Moreover, the AI-based approach improves national security by reducing the risks of illegal finance and online terrorism. The study highlights the strategic necessity of incorporating AI governance and transparency systems to guarantee accountability, minimize the bias of the algorithms, and maintain the trust of the population. In the end, it is a framework that can be used by policymakers, regulators, and financial institutions to strike a balance between innovation and compliance in the dynamic environment of digital finance.

Cyberspace has evolved into a new warfare domain, on par with land, sea, air, and space. The rapid development of digital technology has expanded the attack surface, making cyberspace an arena rife with vulnerabilities. The primary objective of this article is to analyze the urgency of cyber leadership as a strategic factor in building a resilient Indonesian defense in the digital era. The research methodology in this article uses a literature review approach by examining academic literature, policy documents, and official reports relevant to the issue of cyber leadership and digital defense. Cyber ​​leadership in the digital era is a strategic necessity for Indonesia in facing increasingly complex cyber threats, whether in the form of technical attacks, digital espionage, disinformation, or threats to critical infrastructure. Effective cyber leadership must emphasize adaptive and transformational leadership, capable of responding to threat dynamics while providing a long-term vision for the development of Indonesia's digital sovereignty.

Human resource governance has moved from a peripheral concern to a strategic necessity in contemporary boardrooms. This article examines how Boards must re-conceptualise their engagement with people, culture and capability as fundamental levers of enterprise value. It argues for a shift from episodic, compliance-driven oversight to sustained stewardship of human capital. Drawing on illustrative cases, four imperatives are highlighted: succession planning as a dynamic pipeline; culture as a system requiring governance; diversity, equity and inclusion as embedded principles of legitimacy; and ethical scrutiny of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven people decisions. The Board–Chief Human Resources Officer relationship is presented as a critical axis for insight and capability activation. Importantly, the analysis also underscores the parallel responsibility of human resources professionals to strengthen business acumen and AI literacy, cultivate digital agility in human–AI systems, and champion human-centric, inclusive cultures. Competitive advantage thus derives not from structural assets alone but from the deliberate design and stewardship of evolving human systems.

This study examines the role of amanah (trustworthiness) and reputation in enhancing the organizational performance of Islamic private universities in Central Java. Drawing on resource-based theory (RBT) and the concept of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), the research investigates how amanah reputation ethic, amanah reputation work environment, and amanah reputation social responsibility influence OCB and, subsequently, organizational performance. This paper uses a literature review from textbooks and articles with conceptual and empirical findings sourced from Scopus, WoS, ScienceDirect, Emerald, MDPI, and Google Scholar, examining organizational performance at individual, team, and organizational levels. Findings reveal that ethical reputation actively drives organizational success by embedding ethics into corporate identity, fostering trust, and sustaining growth. A supportive work environment enhances reputation, performance, and resilience in evolving markets. Social responsibility is a strategic necessity, strengthening reputation and long-term success. Organizational Citizenship Behavior fosters innovation, excellence, and stakeholder value, driving sustainable growth.

This study explores how digital connectivity can enhance the operational effectiveness of cluster-based supply chains, using PT XYZ as a case example. In an increasingly volatile and complex market environment, real-time data integration has emerged as a strategic necessity for supply chain agility and responsiveness. The findings reveal that digital connectivity significantly contributes to improving coordination, accelerating decision-making, reducing lead times by up to 30%, and lowering operational costs by approximately 20%. Central to this transformation is the adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, which enable predictive analytics, real-time inventory tracking, and scenario-based planning—tools that support both tactical and strategic decision-making. In addition, cloud platforms and collaborative digital tools further streamline communication across supply chain partners. Despite these improvements, the system at PT XYZ remains only partially automated, especially across geographically distributed clusters, pointing to the pressing need for unified digital integration. To address this gap, the study proposes a digital integration framework that emphasizes standardization of systems, infrastructure readiness, and change management strategies. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research draws on interviews, document analysis, and observations to evaluate implementation outcomes and identify key enablers and barriers. The findings offer practical insights for organizations seeking to enhance supply chain performance through digital.

Digital transformation has become a strategic necessity for companies to maintain competitiveness amid industry disruption. However, the adoption of digital transformation does not always run smoothly because it is influenced by the gap between the structural readiness of the company and the need for long-term investment, known as corporate maturity mismatch. This study aims to analyze the impact of the level of corporate maturity mismatch on the implementation of digital transformation in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2018–2023. The method used is a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis, and digital transformation is measured based on the intensity of digital keyword usage in company annual reports. The results indicate that corporate maturity mismatch has a positive impact on overall digital transformation, as well as on fundamental technology categories such as Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Cloud Computing, and Big Data. Conversely, no significant impact was found on digital transformation in extended applications technology. These findings indicate that mismatches in financial structure drive companies to respond to such pressures through investments in strategic and long-term digital technologies. This study provides important implications for policymakers and industry players in designing funding strategies and regulations to support the acceleration of national digital transformation.

The increasing carbon footprint of civil aviation has made the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) a strategic necessity in line with the sector’s sustainability goals. This study evaluates the existing SAF types based on environmental, economic, technical and social criteria, determines the criteria weights with Fuzzy-Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (F-SWARA) and selects the most suitable alternative through Spherical Fuzzy-Multi Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis plus full MULTIplicative form (SF-MULTIMOORA) method. The alternative evaluation process was carried out on a Python-based online platform and sensitivity analysis was performed on five different scenarios. According to the findings, the Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA-SPK) alternative stands out as the most suitable option in all scenarios, followed by the Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) alternative. In contrast, Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ-SPK) and Power-to-Liquid (PtL) options seem to be more variable and less stable. The study provides methodological contributions for the evaluation of SAF alternatives with fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods and provides strategic implications for manufacturers and airlines in achieving the low-carbon targets of the aviation sector.

Digital transformation has become a pivotal factor in reshaping sports management, introducing significant changes in organizational structures, strategic planning, and decision-making processes. This paper explores in depth the role of emerging technologies—such as Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, digital fan interaction platforms, and performance analysis tools—in establishing a new management paradigm within the sports industry. By developing a theoretical framework that integrates aspects of technological and organizational innovation, this study highlights both the potential benefits and the challenges associated with the adoption of digital tools. Emphasis is placed on how digital innovations improve efficiency, transparency, and fan engagement, while also recognizing the difficulties of the digital transition, such as skill development, organizational resistance, and data governance. Governance and leadership emerge as critical enablers of digital culture, innovation, and adaptability. The analysis concludes that digital transformation is not merely a technological evolution but a strategic necessity for building a more agile, efficient, and socially responsible sports ecosystem. The effective management of digital innovation sets the foundation for sustainable growth and competitiveness in the sports sector.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0423/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Abstract In a highly competitive industry with increasing pressure to reduce production costs, optimizing operational processes in clothing factories is a strategic necessity. This paper explores effective approaches and strategies to enhance productivity in garment factories, with the goal of improving operational performance and labor efficiency. This research focuses on improving work efficiency by stimulating the operators in real time through data collection, efficiency calculation, and visual feedback via screen displays. The research is centered on establishing a reliable method for data collection and implementing an algorithm to evaluate work efficiency and productivity. The data can be collected either through an app installed on the worker’s phone, a counter that is pressed after each phase completion, or by scanning a barcode of the product. When production is lower than the target, the output will be displayed in red, and when it exceeds the target, the output will be displayed in green.

The utilization of information technology in educational administration has become a strategic necessity to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of school management in the digital era. However, at MIN 7 Mukomuko, there remain challenges related to the limited competence of educational staff in operating and utilizing the Management Information System (MIS). These obstacles arise from the lack of continuous training, inadequate infrastructure, and minimal technical support. This study aims to evaluate the competency level of educational staff in using MIS and to identify strategies for optimizing its implementation. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed thematically. The results indicate that staff possess basic operational skills but struggle with managing more complex system features. The novelty of this research lies in identifying a direct correlation between training frequency and technological adaptation within the madrasah environment. The study recommends capacity building through need-based training, improvement of digital infrastructure, and sustained technical assistance. In conclusion, enhancing the competence of educational staff through an integrated approach is essential for achieving effective and efficient technology-based school management.

As the first principle of Pancasila, Belief in the One and Only God holds a fundamental position in shaping the moral and spiritual direction of the Indonesian nation. Divinity serves not only as an ideological foundation but also as an ethical guideline guiding individual behavior and national life. In the current global context, where secularism is rapidly advancing and encouraging a separation between religion and the public sphere, the relevance of divinity is even stronger. Uncontrolled secularism has the potential to weaken the moral foundations of society, erode social solidarity, and trigger a value crisis that threatens national integrity. Divinity serves as a counterbalance to global trends often dominated by materialistic and individualistic views. In this situation, strengthening divinity principles is a strategic necessity, both in the formulation of public policy, the national education system, and in the practice of social life. Public policies based on divinity can ensure that development does not merely pursue economic growth, but also pays attention to social justice, shared prosperity, and the preservation of human values. In education, internalizing religious values encourages the development of students' character with integrity, respect for diversity, and high moral awareness. Meanwhile, in the social realm, the application of these values strengthens tolerance, maintains harmony between religious communities, and affirms unity in diversity. This article emphasizes that religious values are not merely normative ideological symbols, but rather pillars of national integration capable of addressing the challenges of the times. By reviving the spirit of Belief in the One and Only God in every aspect of life, Indonesia can confront the influence of global secularism without losing its spiritual identity, while simultaneously building a just, civilized, and sustainable society. In addition, the application of religious values in Pancasila also has strategic relevance in Indonesia's cultural diplomacy and foreign policy.

Digitalization of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has emerged as a strategic necessity in the era of digital transformation. However, many coffee-based MSMEs in Indonesia continue to rely on third-party marketplace platforms that limit autonomy over customer data, pricing control, and brand personalization. This study aims to address these constraints by designing and developing an independent, web-based e-commerce system that aligns with the specific operational needs of coffee MSMEs particularly those seeking low-cost, user-friendly solutions that enable direct customer engagement and reduce commission-based dependencies. The system was developed using Laravel for the backend and Vite.js for the frontend, adhering to the sequential stages of the waterfall model: requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. Key features include product catalog management, shopping cart functionality, manual payment upload, and product review integration. Black-box testing confirmed that all features operated without critical errors under typical usage conditions. Usability testing conducted with five MSME users resulted in an average satisfaction score of 4.23 out of 5 (83%), with high ratings for ease of navigation and interface responsiveness. Performance metrics, including average page load time (<=3 seconds), device compatibility, and user flow scalability, met expected standards. Although the current system employs manual payment validation, future enhancements will focus on integrating secure payment gateways, real-time analytics dashboards, and modular APIs. In summary, the platform offers a practical and scalable e-commerce solution tailored to the autonomy and contextual demands of Indonesia's coffee MSMEs.

In the modern energy industry, the implementation of big-data technologies has taken the form of a ‎strategic necessity, as the requirements of digital efficiency, environmental sustainability, and ‎financial stability are being raised simultaneously. This paper is an empirical evaluation of the ‎effects of big-data adoption on financial performance and risk mitigation at the firm level and ‎focuses on publicly traded Chinese energy firms in 2015-2024. The aim is to measure the influence ‎of the digital maturity in three levels of transformation: pre, transition, and mature, and compare ‎these results against the known benchmarks of advanced economies. Using multi-method analytical ‎framework, including panel regression, difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation, analysis of ‎variance (ANOVA), and robustness testing using generalized method of moments (GMM) and ‎quantile regression, the current study evaluates the following three outcomes: profitability (EBIT ‎margin), financial stability (Altman Z-Score), and bankruptcy risk (Ohlson O-Score). The findings ‎show that the performance of the corporation increases over the years: the EBIT margin increases by ‎‎2.48 percentage points and the Z-Score by 0.38 points, during the mature stage, and the O-Score ‎decreases by 0.80 points. A sectoral analysis shows that electric power firms are the most ‎responsive, with less-pronounced gains in coal firms. Together, the results provide substantial ‎support that the big data transformation enhances operational efficiency and financial strength, and ‎has ramifications on strategic investment, policy development, and digital modernization in the ‎emerging and developed energy markets‎.

This study investigates the pivotal role of electronic management in achieving competitive advantage within the Yemeni banking sector. Employing a descriptive analytical approach, data were collected via questionnaires from a stratified random sample of 330 employees across 11 Yemeni banks, out of a total population of 1,146 executives and supervisors. Analysis using SPSS version 27 revealed a strong positive relationship between electronic management practices and competitive advantage. The findings highlight a significant adoption of electronic management across the sector, reflecting an acknowledgment of its critical contribution to strategic control of financial resources and enhancement of organizational performance. Yemeni banks demonstrate particular emphasis on electronic directing, controlling, and organizing functions, although electronic planning was less prioritized. The study further reveals that competitive advantage dimensions such as cost efficiency, quality, and market share receive greater attention than innovation. This research underscores the strategic necessity of electronic management, enabling banks to optimize investments, manage risks effectively, and respond agilely to dynamic market demands, thereby sustaining competitive superiority. The study’s importance lies in addressing a relatively modern and underexplored topic in the Yemeni business context, enriching the academic literature and providing a foundation for future research. Practical implications suggest that Yemeni banks should intensify their investment in electronic management systems and related employee training to improve operational efficiency and strategic flexibility. Tailored electronic planning aligned with Yemen’s economic and political challenges is recommended to bolster decision-making and resource management. Future research should explore emerging administrative innovations and include case studies of successful implementations to further enhance sector performance. Ultimately, this study affirms that electronic management is not merely a technical necessity but a vital strategic imperative for achieving sustainable competitive advantage in Yemen’s evolving banking industry.

Digital transformation is now a strategic necessity for organizations across various sectors. This review explores how different leadership styles—transformational, agile, servant, inclusive, and ethical—affect organizational readiness to adopt digital technologies. Using systematic review methods and bibliometric analysis, studies from major databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were analyzed to identify patterns and key findings. Inclusion criteria emphasized peer-reviewed research published between 2010 and 2025, encompassing diverse sectors and global contexts. Findings show that transformational leadership improves innovation and agility, agile leadership accelerates technology adoption, servant and inclusive leadership increase employee engagement and reduce resistance, while ethical leadership strengthens trust, fairness, and sustainability. Organizational readiness is also shaped by systemic factors such as regulations, culture, and resources. Developing countries often face challenges due to limited infrastructure, while developed countries benefit from stronger policy and technological support. These dynamics underscore the interdependence of leadership and systemic environments in shaping digital outcomes. In conclusion, leadership styles are decisive in shaping digital readiness, but their effects differ by sector and region. Policy support, leadership training, and organizational reforms are needed to overcome barriers and achieve inclusive digital transformation. Future research should focus on long-term impacts, contextual variations, and integrative leadership frameworks to ensure sustainable and inclusive digital transformation.

This study investigates the mechanisms of digital transformation practices in Jordanian universities, their impact on employees' strategic performance and the challenges hindering implementation. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 168 employees across two universities, revealing key findings. Universities that implement digital transformation mechanisms achieve significantly better strategic performance, with improvements in decision-making, productivity, and adaptability. Statistical analysis confirms a notable mean difference in performance outcomes (3.99 and p < 0.001) between institutions with and without effective digital transformation mechanisms. Additionally, institutions with sufficient funding demonstrated superior outcomes (mean difference=4.02 and p < 0.001), underscoring the critical role of financial resources. However, challenges such as insufficient funding (mean= 3.88), resistance to change (mean= 3.68), and weak infrastructure (mean= 3.34) were identified as significant barriers. The findings highlight the importance of addressing these issues through targeted interventions, including leadership development, enhanced funding, and fostering a culture of innovation. After conducting the research, the authors concluded that digital transformation is not merely a technological shift but rather a strategic necessity for improving the performance of institutions and their competitiveness. These insights provide recommendations that can be put into action by policymakers and university leaders to the groundwork for future research on long-term impacts and broader applications in higher education.