Strategic Integration Research Articles

A 2D numerical study of magnetohydrodynamic heat transfer performance within heat sink package equipped with cylindrical fins improved with helical trapezoidal wings and filled by radiative nanofluid

Cooling electronic devices using heat sinks is one of the main fields in which academics are working to develop them. This manuscript presents a novel numerical study using Comsol Multiphysics to optimize heat sink performance through the strategic integration of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) radiative nanofluid and innovative helical trapezoidal wings on cylindrical fins. The research advances the field by systematically replacing classical cylindrical fins with those provided with cylindrical wings as a first step, and with trapezoidal shapes as a second step and subsequently introducing helical trapezoidal wings instead of the aligned shape to enhance efficiency. Comsol Multiphysics 3.4 software is used to conduct the study applying finite element method. The 2D heat sink problem is modelled as a square cavity, which is equipped with 2D longitudinal section of cylindrical fins and filled with MHD radiative nanofluid. The study examined the impact of using cylindrical wings attached laterally on the cylindrical fins. Then, the efficiency of cylindrical wings is compared with trapezoidal shape. Finally, the helical trapezoidal wings are used to enhance the heat sink efficiency. The findings reveal substantial performance improvements: with nanofluid by 42.83%, enhancement with radiation by 54.19%, with cylindrical wings by 22.38%, and a superior 10.7% efficiency increase with trapezoidal wings. In addition, using helical trapezoidal wings is the optimum for the heat sink performance by 7.26%. This work is poised to appeal to a broad readership by offering valuable insights into optimizing heat sink configurations for enhanced thermal management.

Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Ramie/SiO2 Hybrid Composite by Incorporation of Kenaf Fiber

This study examines the mechanical characteristics of a novel hybrid composite consisting of 25% ramie fiber, 15% kenaf fiber, and 2% titanium dioxide particles. Ramie fiber is known for its tensile rigidity and durability, while kenaf fiber is valued for its availability and biodegradability. Titanium dioxide particles are included to enhance the composite's mechanical properties. Mechanical tests—including tensile, bending, impact, and hardness—were conducted, revealing an average tensile strength of 66.14 MPa, a flexural strength of 86.46 MPa, an impact strength of 35.88 kJ/m², and a hardness of 181.8 HV. The significance of this study lies in its innovative combination of natural fibers with inorganic particles, addressing the demand for high-performing yet eco-friendly materials. The novelty of the composite is reflected in the strategic integration of ramie and kenaf fibers, which offer complementary mechanical properties, with titanium dioxide particles to enhance overall performance. This approach achieves a balance between strength, rigidity, and impact resistance while maintaining environmental sustainability. The inclusion of titanium dioxide boosts mechanical performance without compromising the material's eco-friendly nature. These findings suggest that this composite is suitable for technical applications requiring exceptional strength, rigidity, and impact resistance. This research contributes to the advancement of composite materials technology, showing potential for the development of sustainable and effective materials across various industries.

Effective blended learning instructional design strategies in medical education

With the rapid development of technology and societal change, a shift from traditional classroom instruction to more diverse educational methods in medical education is necessary. As an effective approach to providing flexibility and accessibility while maintaining the benefits of face-to-face interactions, blended learning, which integrates online and offline learning, has gained attention. This study examines the current status and best practices of the aforementioned blended learning, analyzes its application in domestic and international contexts, and derives effective instructional design strategies. A comprehensive review of previous research and empirical cases reveals a conceptual framework and core principles for designing such blended learning. Key considerations include strategic integration of online and offline activities, facilitation of self-directed learning and interaction, effective use of technology, and continuous quality improvement. Furthermore, we suggest contextually relevant strategies, such as designing curricula focused on clinical reasoning, providing iterative practice opportunities, enhancing reflection, and fostering future competencies. The case analysis establishes that blended learning is implemented in various forms across different medical schools and curricula. Common features include the linkage of online and offline learning, incorporation of learner-centered methods, and emphasis on practical competencies. However, the limited number of cases suggests that generalizations may be premature. Successful implementation requires multifaceted efforts, including gradual introduction, faculty support, flexible curricula, safety measures, and institutional support. Accumulating empirical research and evidence of their effectiveness can facilitate their wider dissemination. This study provides implications and future directions for innovative medical education using hybrid learning.

Ruderal Plant Diversity as a Driver for Urban Green Space Sustainability

Urban development in south-eastern Europe has significant ecological consequences, such as a reduction in native plant diversity, the introduction of non-native species, and increased maintenance costs of urban green spaces. Achieving sustainable urban development requires a thorough understanding of the inventory of native plant species to better manage and conserve these areas. This study analyzed 806 vegetation surveys conducted in rural and urban areas over a 30-year period, identifying 450 plant species from 39 distinct plant communities. Our findings revealed generally low dominance index values in all communities, while Shannon diversity index values were particularly high, indicating rich species diversity despite urbanization pressures. Equality index values varied slightly, reflecting differences in species distributions. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified a substantial group of species with low abundance, which is essential for understanding and managing urban biodiversity. These findings have significant implications for urban planning and plant species conservation. Low dominance and high diversity suggest opportunities to improve urban green spaces by integrating diverse native species. In addition, the ecological and practical value of ruderal species, plants that thrive in disturbed environments, was emphasized, as well as their potential in medicine, phytoremediation, green roof design, and pollination services. Through directly correlating biodiversity indices with urban sustainability goals, our study provides useful insights for urban biodiversity management and the strategic integration of native plant species into urban landscapes.

Financial Synergy for Sustainable Success: Optimizing Management, Investment, AI, and Risk SMEs in Bali

In the context of globalized and environmentally conscious business landscapes, this study investigates the intricate relationships between investment decisions, risk perception, artificial intelligence (AI), and sustainable success in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bali. Employing a quantitative approach, the research explores the mediating role of investment decisions using theoretical frameworks such as the Triple Bottom Line, Pecking Order Theory, Trade-Off Theory, and Prospect Theory. Results from a sample of 150 SMEs reveal significant direct effects and correlations, with investment decisions mediating between AI, risk perception, and sustainability. Managerial implications emphasize strategic AI integration, robust risk management, and a balanced approach to investment decisions for sustainable success. While limitations include sample size constraints, future research directions suggest longitudinal and qualitative studies, exploration of sectoral variations, and assessing the impact of emerging technologies on sustainability decisions. This study provides actionable insights for companies navigating the complexities of sustainable decision-making and underscores the imperative for businesses to foster a culture of adaptability and innovation. By embracing these insights and cultivating a forward-thinking approach, companies can not only optimize their current sustainability strategies but also position themselves strategically to thrive in an ever-evolving business landscape.

Strategic integration of nickel tellurium oxide and cobalt iron prussian blue analogue into bismuth vanadate for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation

Bismuth vanadate (BVO) with a small band gap and suitable band edges is regarded as one of the promising photocatalysts for water oxidation. However, the short charge-transfer path limits its photocatalytic performance. Establishing a heterojunction and incorporating a co-catalyst are feasible methods to improve the photocatalytic ability of BVO by enhancing carrier transfer rates and reducing in-electrode resistances. In this study, nickel tellurium oxide (NTO) and cobalt iron Prussian blue analogues (CoFePBA) are incorporated into the BVO electrode to respectively develop a heterojunction and decorate co-catalyst for efficiently catalyzing the water oxidation reaction for the first time. Different amounts of CoFePBA are deposited on the NTO/BVO electrode by varying the electrodeposition durations to enhance exited charge generations and maintain high absorbance of incident light. The largest photocurrent density of 6.55 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode is attained for the optimal CoFePBA/NTO/BVO electrode prepared using an electrodeposition duration of 2 min. Excellent catalytic stability is also achieved, with the photocurrent retention of 91.9% after illuminating the electrode for 5000 s. This study provides blueprints for incorporating novel electrochemically active materials in the BVO system to realize heterojunction and co-catalyst strategies, thereby attaining excellent photocatalytic ability toward water oxidation.

Advancing patient-centered cancer care: a systematic review of electronic patient-reported outcome measures.

Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (ePROMs) have emerged as valuable tools in cancer care, facilitating the comprehensive assessment of patients' physical, psychological, and social well-being. This study synthesizes literature on the utilization of ePROMs in oncology, highlighting the diverse array of measurement instruments and questionnaires employed in cancer patient assessments. By comprehensively analyzing existing research, this study provides insights into the landscape of ePROMs, informs future research directions, and aims to optimize patient-centred oncology care through the strategic integration of ePROMs into clinical practice. A systematic review was conducted by searching peer-reviewed articles published in academic journals without time limitations up to 2024. The search was performed across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using predefined search terms related to cancer, measurement instruments, and patient assessment. The selected articles underwent a rigorous quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The review of 85 studies revealed a diverse range of measurement instruments and questionnaires utilized in cancer patient assessments. Prominent instruments such as the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Patient Reported Outcome-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) were frequently referenced across multiple studies. Additionally, other instruments identified included generic health-related quality of life measures and disease-specific assessments tailored to particular cancer types. The findings indicated the importance of utilizing a variety of measurement tools to comprehensively assess the multifaceted needs and experiences of cancer patients. Our systematic review provides a comprehensive examination of the varied tools and ePROMs employed in cancer care, accentuating the perpetual requirement for development and validation. Prominent instruments like the EORTC QLQ-C30 and PRO-CTCAE are underscored, emphasizing the necessity for a thorough assessment to meet the multifaceted needs of patients. Looking ahead, scholarly endeavours should prioritize the enhancement of existing tools and the creation of novel measures to adeptly address the evolving demands of cancer patients across heterogeneous settings and populations.

STRATEGIC APPROACHES TO LEAN MANUFACTURING IN INDUSTRY 4.0: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW STUDY

This systematic review, based on the analysis of 130 peer-reviewed articles, explores the strategic integration of lean manufacturing with Industry 4.0 technologies, focusing on the role of the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and big data analytics in enhancing lean practices. Using the PRISMA guidelines, the study identified key synergies between lean and Industry 4.0, demonstrating how these technologies facilitate real-time data collection, predictive maintenance, and process optimization, all of which align with lean’s core principles of waste reduction and continuous improvement. The review also highlights significant challenges to this integration, including high implementation costs, workforce skill gaps, and resistance to organizational change, particularly within small and medium-sized enterprises. Additionally, emerging trends suggest that the future of lean-Industry 4.0 integration will increasingly focus on sustainability, with companies leveraging digital tools to enhance energy efficiency and reduce environmental waste. The findings underscore the need for further research to address these challenges and explore scalable solutions that can drive the broader adoption of lean-Industry 4.0 integration in diverse industrial contexts.

Strategic graphene integration in multilayer photoanodes for enhanced quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells and performance under variable irradiance

Strategic graphene integration in multilayer photoanodes for enhanced quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells and performance under variable irradiance

Augmented reality marketing in hospitality and tourism: a guide for researchers and managers

Purpose The hospitality and tourism industry is strongly influenced by new and immersive technologies, such as augmented reality (AR), to enhance customer experiences across a diverse set of touchpoints throughout the visitor journey. This paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of AR marketing for this industry context, present a number of fundamental premises of AR marketing within it and establish an agenda for future AR research. Design/methodology/approach This study reviews current literature on AR marketing, hospitality and tourism and industry use cases for the creation of a proposed conceptual framework to guide scholars and managers. Based on that, the authors propose fundamental premises. Findings The three fundamental premises of AR marketing presented are the need to clearly differentiate between AR and virtual reality within hospitality and tourism; the use of AR for the on-trip experience; and the combined focus on content, context, customer and computing devices for a successful strategic implementation of AR. Research limitations/implications This study serves as a first point of reference for the strategic integration of AR into hospitality and tourism marketing, both from an industry and academic point of view. Practical implications The authors provide a number of managerial recommendations based on our three fundamental premises. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to holistically characterize AR marketing in the hospitality and tourism context. It also highlights the fundamental premises of successful AR marketing and future directions of AR research today and in a spatial computing future.

Efficient integration of analytical quality-by-design and tri-hued HPLC-DAD approach for synchronized assessment of gemigliptin and rosuvastatin in their fixed-dose pills: Application to stability study

Life-threatening atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorder is a well-recognized risk among diabetics, which is clinically ascribed to their unbalanced plasma lipoproteins. Gemigliptin-Rosuvastatin is a recently introduced polytherapy prescribed for the management of diabetic dyslipidemia. Currently, the main focus of several analysts is to design more ecologically friendly sustainable approaches for pharmaceutical analysis. In this context, an innovative tri-hued (green, blue, and white) stability-indicating HPLC-DAD approach was developed to concurrently quantify Gemigliptin and Rosuvastatin polypills. Consequently, a strategic integration between analytical quality-by-design and green/white analytical chemistry principles was specifically designed to optimize efficiency and practicality while minimizing ecological burden. Two experimental designs, namely two-level fractional factorial and Box-Behnken designs, were employed for screening and optimization procedures, respectively. Optimal separation was attained utilizing an Agilent HC-C18 column in conjunction with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, pH 3 (60:40 v/v), eluted in an isocratic manner at a 1 mL/min flow rate. Both analytes exhibited good linearities within the concentration range of 0.5–100 μg/mL. Furthermore, stability studies were conducted on both drugs in response to variable stress degradation scenarios. Fortunately, the adopted approach was well-suited to resolve the studied drugs from their respective degradants, thereby verifying the method's stability-indicating power. Tri-hued evaluation for the implemented approach was performed via up-to-date metrics, specifically, the Analytical Eco-scale, AGREE, Blue Applicability Grade Index, and RGB 12. Ultimately, our adopted stability-indicating HPLC approach exhibited great sensitivity, specificity, applicability, and rapidity as well as being ecologically sound. It is worth noting that this is the first stability-indicating HPLC approach for simultaneous assessment of the studied drugs.

Assessing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Tools on Employee Productivity: Insights from a Comprehensive Survey Analysis

This study provides a nuanced understanding of AI’s impact on productivity and employment using machine learning models and Bayesian Network Analysis. Data from 233 employees across various industries were analyzed using logistic regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost, with 5-fold cross-validation. The findings reveal that high levels of AI tool usage and integration within organizational workflows significantly enhance productivity, particularly among younger employees. A significant interaction between AI tools usage and integration (β = 0.4319, p < 0.001) further emphasizes the importance of comprehensive AI adoption. Bayesian Network Analysis highlights complex interdependencies between AI usage, innovation, and employee characteristics. This study confirms that strategic AI integration, along with targeted training programs and ethical frameworks, is essential for maximizing AI’s economic potential.

Abstract C054: Current anticancer drugs differentially impact Black and White prostate cancer cell lines

Abstract Introduction/Background: In pre-clinical models of prostate cancer (PCa) such as the utilization of cell lines, it is important to address the limited diversity present. This acknowledgment is vital to facilitate equitable assessment of the efficacy and safety of drug development across various races and ethnicities. Of all commercially available PCa cell lines, 98% of them are of European origin. The genetic and biological disparities between PCa cell lines derived from men of European ancestry (MEA) and men of African ancestry (MAA) may underlie the observed enhanced responsiveness of tumours to existing anticancer agents in MEA compared to MAA. This difference is notable given that MAA are 2.5 times more likely to succumb to PCa. This study compared the cytotoxic effects of five anticancer drugs (Docetaxel, Cabazitaxel, Abiraterone, Olaparib, Enzalutamide) and the natural product betaine on MAA (ACRJ-PC28, MDA-PCA-2b) and MEA (DU-145, PC-3) PCa cell lines. Method: After a 72-hour treatment with the anti-cancer drugs and the natural product, the inhibitory effects of these anti-cancer agents on the four cell lines were investigated using three different assays. CellTiter Aqueous, Neutral Red, and Crystal Violet assays were utilized due to distinct growth patterns observed in the various cell lines. By comparing the optical density (OD) readings and examining the cellular morphology through microscopic visualization, we aimed to determine which assay(s) yielded the most reliable results in determining accurate IC50 values. Results: Drug selectivity was observed for Abiraterone and Olaparib that were most effective in ACRJ-PC28 (IC50 = 1.10 μM) and PC-3 (IC50 = 0.28 μM) cells compared to the other PCa cell lines. Enzalutamide differentially impacted MAA, (IC50= 206 μM for ACRJ-PC28 and 104 μM for MDA-PCA-2b) and MEA (IC50 = 37 μM for PC-3 and 48 μM for DU-145) PCa cell lines. However, no distinct impact was observed for Docetaxel (IC50s = 0.05 nM for ACRJ-PC28; 0.08 nM for MDA-PCA-2b, 0.07 nM for PC-3 and 0.08 nM for DU-145) and Cabazitaxel ((IC50s = 0.56 nM for ACRJ-PC28; 0.45 nM for MDA-PCA-2b, 0.43 nM for PC-3 and 0.38 nM for DU-145) as both drugs impacted the cell lines very potently in the nM range. Conclusion: Due to the heterogenous nature of cancers, especially in PCa, a single drug or drug class may not be the best course of treatment. Instead, a combination of drugs with different mechanisms may be more suitable for addressing the diversity in cancer types. This points to the evolving understanding of personalized cancer treatment, where a strategic integration of first, second, and third-line therapies can effectively address the genetic and epigenetic factors that are unique to individuals in cancer management. Citation Format: Simone Badal, Bor-Jang Hwang, Ashlianne Nelson, Kristoff Frank, Rory Thompson, Belinda Morison, Valerie Marah, Camille Ragin. Current anticancer drugs differentially impact Black and White prostate cancer cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C054.

Strategic integration of residential electricity: An optimisation model for solar energy utilisation and carbon reduction

The Solar Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (S-CCHP) system, distinct from traditional centralised generation, provides clean energy solutions by installing user-side renewable energy capture facilities like solar panels to address the energy crisis and mitigate global warming. Previous research on the design of S-CCHP for buildings has often emphasised self-sufficiency, with less focus on the role of these systems as energy suppliers on the market. However, it is feasible to install scaled-up solar facilities that generate enough power to export to the grid, reducing grid pressure and enhancing the renewable energy mix. This study analyses the optimal design deployment for electricity within the S-CCHP system, based on the Renewable Energy System for Residential Building Heating and Electricity Production (RESHeat) system installed in Limanowa. It aims to optimise owner energy deployment by strategically integrating electricity generation, hybrid storage, and the electricity market to maximise owner benefits. A Life Cycle Assessment is also conducted to explore greenhouse gas emissions across scenarios with different storage facilities and reuse rates. Results show that the optimal deployment of 264 PV panels, each with a rated power of 440 W, generates 105 MWh annually, resulting in the surplus of 90.18 MWh with a selling price of 115 EUR/MWh. Vanadium redox flow batteries offer the highest revenue (4922.01 EUR) with the lowest storage costs, while lithium-ion batteries have the lowest carbon emissions (1.22 t CO2 eq/y). Sensitivity analysis and revenue break-even analysis are further conducted to assess the robustness and financial viability.

Empowering virtual collaboration: harnessing AI for enhanced teamwork in higher education

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought about a significant change in higher education. It has led to the adoption of more digitally advanced and collaborative models. This paper examines the potential of AI in promoting dynamic virtual teamwork and improving the collective experience in the academic world. It discusses how AI tools can be integrated into various sectors of virtual teamwork, such as academic learning, group projects, communication, assessment, research collaboration, administrative efficiency, engagement strategies, and continuous feedback mechanisms. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of AI's role in these areas, showing how AI can personalize learning, facilitate complex group tasks, streamline communication, and provide real-time feedback. Ultimately, this will prepare students for the challenges of the professional world and enhance educational efficacy. The paper evaluates the significance of AI in each sector, offering insights into how higher education institutions can use these technologies to create an environment that fosters advanced virtual collaboration. The paper argues that strategic integration of AI is crucial in equipping students with the necessary skills and competencies for the evolving digital landscape of the 21st century.

Forecasting solar irradiance for the strategic integration of hybrid hydro and solar photovoltaic systems in rural Indian regions

ABSTRACT Conversion of the conventional electrical grid into a smart and sustainable grid involves several considerations. The primary factors, however, are renewable energy penetration, associated storage systems, and energy generation costs. This research endeavors to conduct a thorough survey and analysis of the solar irradiance on various hydropower locations in India, including Run-of-River (RoR), Run-of-River with Pondage (RoRP), Reservoir Storage (S), Multi-Purpose Storage (MP) and Pumped Storage Systems (PSS). The hydroelectric projects in rural Indian regions have been the subject of the proposed case study. As a preliminary study, the probabilistic variables like minimum, maximum, and mean solar irradiance are calculated for 252 High-Scale Hydropower Plant locations (HSHPs) using the past 40 years day ahead solar radiation data to identify the high-irradiance hydropower plant location in each state of India. This study concludes that the maximum mean solar irradiance location in each state as these sites are well suited for hybrid PV-hydro systems. The identified high-irradiance locations 40 years day ahead data sets are analyzed employing 8 machine learning models and 2 deep learning models. This analysis aims to forecast solar irradiance, serving as a crucial foundation for the initial phase of the implementation of hybrid PV-hydro.

Healthcare can't stop evolving: innovation as the catalyst for unleashing the managerial potential of value-based healthcare by stimulating intangible assets and enhancing organizational resilience.

With increasing healthcare service utilization and the introduction of costly therapies, healthcare organizations are pressured to deliver cost-effective services within constrained budgets. Rising costs and the need for efficient healthcare delivery are major concerns for governments, insurers, and health plans. It aims to understand the impact of these intangible assets on creating value and organizational resilience in healthcare, informing better practices and strategies for VBHC implementation. An applied research approach using the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) methodology was adopted. The research was divided into seven interconnected Work Packages (WPs), each designed to investigate different aspects of the integration between VBHC and intangible assets, with a focus on enhancing organizational resilience through innovative health processes. Key methodologies included literature reviews and qualitative analyses, employing Open Innovation and Design Thinking. The study revealed a dynamic interplay between VBHC, organizational resilience, and intangible assets. It showed that managerial effectiveness is influenced by direct patient outcomes and elements like intellectual capital and organizational reputation. Data integration from various Work Packages provided new insights into how intangible assets underpin VBHC strategies, proposing novel management approaches. Findings highlight the essential role of intangible assets in enhancing service delivery and fostering sustainable healthcare practices. The study highlights a significant oversight in the integration of intangible assets within healthcare organizations, despite their crucial role in optimizing VBHC. It supports literature emphasizing the importance of intellectual capital and organizational culture in enhancing healthcare management efficiency and resilience. A paradigm shift in VBHC to include these assets is needed for building a more adaptable and sustainable healthcare system. This integration can lead to better clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and overall healthcare efficiency, aligning more closely with VBHC goals. Recognizing and effectively managing intangible assets are paramount for the successful implementation of VBHC and enhanced organizational resilience. Strategic integration of these assets into healthcare management practices can significantly improve patient outcomes and create a more sustainable, patient-centered, and resilient healthcare system. Future studies should develop methodologies for robust measurement and integration of these assets to fully realize the potential of VBHC.

Comparative analysis of learning motivation, strategies, and effectiveness between medical interns and PGY during the pandemic.

In the post-pandemic era, medical education faces significant shifts in learning modes. This study, employing cross-sectional research from 2021 to 2022, surveyed 214 participants, including 104 medical interns and 110 Post-Graduate Year trainees in Taiwan. Findings revealed notable differences between the groups in age and current internship hospital. Medical interns spent significantly more time in daily self-directed learning, with a higher proportion exceeding 3 hours post-work. Although weekly self-directed learning hours did not show statistical significance, more medical students studied over 7 hours weekly. In terms of learning attitudes and motivations, medical interns outscored Post-Graduate Year trainees, indicating a substantial contrast. The study suggests strategic integration of online and traditional education, tailored to course characteristics. Future research should further explore the effectiveness of online learning, aiming to optimize digital learning while preserving traditional education values.

Dipole Moment Modulation of Terminal Groups Enables Asymmetric Acceptors Featuring Medium Bandgap for Efficient and Stable Ternary Organic Solar Cells.

This study puts forth a novelterminal groupdesign todevelopmedium-bandgap Y-series acceptors beyond conventional side-chain engineering.We focused onthe strategical integration of an electron-donating methoxy group and an electron-withdrawing halogen atomatbenzene-fusedterminal groups. This combination preciselymodulatedthedipole moment and electron density of terminal groups, effectively attenuating intramolecular charge transfereffect, and widening the bandgap ofacceptors. The incorporation of theseterminalgroups yielded two asymmetric acceptors, named BTP-2FClO and BTP-2FBrO, both of which exhibited open-circuit voltage (VOC) as high as 0.96 V in binary devices, representing thehighestVOCs among the asymmetric Y-seriessmall molecule acceptors. More importantly, both BTP-2FClO and BTP-2FBrO exhibitmodestaggregation behaviorsandmolecular crystallinity,making themsuitable as a third component to mitigate excess aggregation of the PM6: BTP-eC9 blend and optimize thedevices'morphology.As a result,the optimized BTP-2FClO-based ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) achieved a remarkable power conversionefficiency (PCE)of 19.34%, positioning it among the highest-performing OSCs.Ourstudyhighlights themolecular designimportance on manipulating dipole moments and electron densityindevelopingmedium-bandgap acceptors,andoffersa highly efficient third component forhigh-performance ternary OSCs.

Enhancing light absorption in ultra-thin perovskite solar cells using plasmonic gold nanoparticle clusters

Perovskite solar cells with ultra-thin absorber layers offer potential cost savings in manufacturing, but their reduced thickness can limit light absorption and efficiency. This work explores using plasmonic gold nanoparticles as a light-trapping strategy to compensate for lower absorption in ultra-thin perovskite devices. Numerical simulations investigate embedding 25 nm radius gold nanoparticles within the 200 nm thick perovskite active layer to boost optical absorption through near-field enhancement and light scattering effects. The solar cell structure incorporating these plasmonic nanoparticles achieves a substantially higher short-circuit current density of 23.10 mA cm−2 compared to 18.70 mA cm−2 for a reference cell without nanoparticles. This study provides design approaches for realizing high-efficiency yet cost-effective ultra-thin perovskite photovoltaics by harnessing plasmonic light-trapping techniques. The results display methodologies to improve photon absorption and power conversion in thin-film perovskite devices through strategic nanoparticle integration.