Strands Of Connective Tissue Research Articles

Retrocolic Fascia-An Anatomical and Multidetector Computed Tomographic Angiography (MDCTA) Morphometric Analysis in Patients with Right Colon Cancer.

This study aims to delineate anatomical landmarks crucial for complete mesocolic excision, focusing on Gerota's fascia, which guides surgical dissection in right-sided colon cancer, forming the posterior limit. Employing a multimodal approach, the research aims to understand the fascial anatomy and its variations under pathological conditions. Three methods were applied: a pilot dissection on an embalmed cadaver for clear anatomical presentation of prerenal fascia, Mimics segmentation of the fascia and its relationship with the colon, and a retrospective analysis of MDCTA scans from 196 patients (mean age 65.73 y, 118 F/78 M). Systematic measurements of fascial thickness were taken at key renal levels-upper pole, hilum, lower pole, and infra-renal. Covariates analyzed included Body Mass Index, age, and sex. The pilot dissection revealed the renal fascia of Gerota as the only true retrocolic compact connective tissue and the fusion fascia of Toldt as a mesh of strands of loose connective tissue and fat lobules. MDCTA showed clearer visualization of Gerota's fascia at the hilum and inferior renal pole, predominantly on the left. There were significant differences in fascial thickness between sides (1.30 mm on the right and 1.34 mm on the left) and a positive correlation with BMI, whereas age and sex showed no significant effects. Gerota's fascia is a critical anatomical landmark in CME for right colon cancer. This study highlights the fascia's structural integrity, unaffected by the tumor, underscoring its importance in surgical navigation.

Clinical and Pathoanatomical Characteristics of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome a Clinical Case

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a common congenital heart defect, accounting for 4 to 16% of cases, and is one of the most prognostically unfavorable, involving single-­ventricle hemodynamics. HLHS involves hypoplasia of the left ventricle, often in combination with atresia and/or stenosis of the aortic and/or mitral valves, as well as hypoplasia of various parts of the aorta. Intrauterine reduction in blood flow to the left heart structures at early stages of fetal development subsequently leads to severe changes in cardiac structures, often not amenable to surgical correction. Objective. To study the clinical and morphological features of HLHS using a clinical case as an example. Materials and Methods. The patient was a child from the first pregnancy, which was complicated by anemia and first-­trimester preeclampsia. The defect was diagnosed prenatally at 23/24 weeks. At 39 weeks, labor was induced, and the infant was hospitalized in the intensive care unit with symptoms of cardiac and respiratory failure. On the 6th day of life, surgical treatment was performed — a Norwood operation, which is a single-­ventricle hemodynamic surgical correction of the defect. Despite intensive care measures, multiple organ failure progressed, leading to the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and subsequent death on the 10th day of life. Results. Autopsy, including staining of the myocardium with Masson’s trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin, showed pronounced plethora of the microcirculatory vessels with formation of erythrocyte thrombi. Pronounced perivascular edema and fraying of muscle fibers were detected. Fibroelastosis of the endocardium of the left ventricle was observed, characterized by pronounced sclerotic thickening due to significant proliferation of fibrous tissue, with the spread of connective tissue strands into the myocardium. Endocardial fibroelastosis is a component of HLHS and one of the determining factors in the outcome of cardiac surgery. Conclusion. The results of this work indicate the complexity of HLHS as a developmental defect, the severity of its clinical manifestations, and the limited prospects of currently existing surgical treatment methods. These patients may require heart transplantation in the first days of life. A potential alternative to early postnatal heart transplantation may be the development of methods for intrauterine correction of the existing developmental defect.

ON THE QUESTION OF THE EFFECT OF REGENERATION STIMULATION DRUGS ON THE RESTORATION OF THE SKIN IN CASE OF INJURY

Background. The study of the reaction of tissue (epidermis and dermis) to the medication of regeneration stimulants (МSR) in injuries is relevant both for the development of wound coatings and treatment regimens for the traumatic process. In this study, special attention is paid to the process of stimulation of stem cells in the hair papilla, which play an important role in the restoration of skin structures. The aim of the study was also to study the morphological changes of the epidermis and dermis in the dynamics of trauma. Materials and methods. To conduct the experiment, experimental groups were formed: a burn model without treatment; a burn model with a МSR preparation (oral administration and wound coating); an experimental group with a linear wound with МSR treatment, an experimental group similar reproduction of a wound without suturing with МSR, a control group similar reproduction of a wound without treatment with suturing, a control group - similar reproduction of the wound without treatment and without suturing. Animals were removed from the experiment by inhalation of ether vapors in accordance with the "Rules for carrying out work using experimental animals" and in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board). Tissue fragments were taken from the site of thermal trauma and healthy tissue for the preparation of histological preparations. The production of paraffin histological sections with a thickness of 5-7 microns was carried out according to generally accepted standard methods. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The photos were taken using the Vision Bio system (Epi 2014) and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, which were examined under x100 magnification. The obtained data were processed using MS Excel and Statgraphics software packages using generally accepted methods of statistics. Results. When reproducing thermal trauma In the control group on day 14, there is no epidermis in part of the visual fields within the studied material, the layers are replaced by connective tissue strands, scar tissue is visualized. The dermis is moderately edematous, with neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration is weakly expressed, in the papillary and reticular layer it is evenly represented, there are single apoptotic corpuscles. No areas of hemorrhage were detected, but the blood vessels were dilated. While in the experimental group there are signs of restoration of microcirculation with a large number of vessels and a more pronounced layer of the epidermis. When examining scars after a linear wound, it was found that animals who did not receive therapy have a thin scar, and in animals who received МSR, the consequences of surgical intervention are not visualized. Conclusion. The dynamics of the wound process was studied when using a prototype ointment containing a regeneration complex in the treatment of burn and linear wounds in an experiment. The effectiveness of the regenerative complex of a prototype ointment for the treatment of experimental burn and linear wounds in laboratory animals in comparison with the control group was revealed. It has been established that in the treatment of burn and linear wounds with experimental ointment, the healing period of burn wounds is reduced due to more active formation of the microcirculatory bed and the early onset of epithelization.

Migraine-like headache in subjects with isolated Lambl’s excrescences: a case series and literature review

Aim Lambl’s excrescences are mobile, thin, fibrinous connective tissue strands typically found on left-sided cardiac values. Migraine is positively associated with structural cardiac anomalies. However, it remains unclear whether Lambl’s excrescences are associated with migraine. Methods Retrospective review of 182 inpatients with Lambl’s excrescences confirmed by transesophageal echocardiogram in Chinese PLA General Hospital since January 2010. Among them, those with isolated Lambl’s excrescences presented with migraine-like headache were included. We collected information on the demographics and clinical profiles of all participants, and performed follow-up visits. Results A total of 8 patients presented with migraine-like headache among 15 patients with isolated Lambl’s excrescences. They included 2 men and 6 women, with an average age of 44.63 ± 12.24 years. Among these patients, 3 had visual aura, and 6 manifested infarct-like lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, of which 2 developed lesions after first visit. During follow-up, 4 patients suffering from intervention for Lambl’s excrescences dramatically reduced headache recurrence compared to the other 4 patients only receiving migraine preventive medications. Conclusions This study supports the hypothesis that microemboli from isolated Lambl’s excrescences could cause migraine-like headache. And intervention for Lambl’s excrescences may be crucial for preventing headache recurrence.

THE USE OF MEDICINES BASED ON HYALURONIC ACID IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF DISORDERS OF THE ARCHTECTONICS OF THE VESTIBULE OF THE MOUTH

Improving the effectiveness of diagnosis, comlex treatment of patients with maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth. The frenulum of the lips, buccal frenulums, ankyloglossia are the etiological factors in the development of maxillofacial anomalies. They are the reason for the change in the position of a separate group of teeth after the end of active treatment. Often architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth course of gum. 30 people with maxillomandibular anomalies 12-15 years old on the background of architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth were examined and treated, where plastic interventions on the vestibule of the mouth were important. All patients had plastic surgery of the vestibule of the mouth by the classical method. There was secondary tension of wound. Patients of the I group were prescribed chlorhexidine-denta in the postoperative period. Patients of the II group were prescribed chlorhexedine-denta and gengigel.
 The peculiarity of the clinical course of maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth was a pronounced change in the architecture of the vestibule of the mouth (less than 5 mm, 96.7% (29/30) of all patients have buccal frenulum). Indicators of cytomorphometric and rheographic researches indicated a deficiency of blood supply in these areas. The results of clinical and laboratory examination showed a significant difference between surgical interventions, where the wound healed by primary and secondary tension. Long-term results after the proposed method of correction of disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth and the use wound-healing drug based on hyaluronic acid in the postoperative period indicate the formation of a normorphic scar, no recurrence and recession of the gums in the projection of buccal frenulum, normalization of clinical and laboratory indicators. The obtained data differ significantly from those in other groups of patients (p <0.05).
 Surgical correction of architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth is an important step in the complex treatment of patients with maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth. The peculiarity of the clinical course of maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth was a pronounced change in frenulum fixation less than 5 mm, 85.0% (51/60) of patients have connective tissue strands in the area of canines and premolars, in 78.3% of patients - catarrhal hygnivitis). The results of the clinical research were confirmed by cytomorphometric and rheographic researches and indicated a lack of blood supply in these areas. Long-term results after the proposed method of correction of architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth and the use of chlorhexidine dent and gingigel in the postoperative period indicate the formation of normorthophic scar, no recurrence and recession of the gums in the projection of canines and premolars, normalization of clinical and laboratory results. The obtained data differ significantly from those in other groups of patients (p <0.05).

The endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition changes the focal adhesion site proteins levels and the SLRP-lumican level in HMEC-1 cell line

Scleroderma, the chronic autoimmune disease is a consequence of inflammation in the connective tissue. Prolonged duration affects formation of compact connective tissue strands (scarring) within the target organ. Endothelial cells undergoing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) are the source of fibroblast phenotype-resembling cells. EndMT contributes to reorganization of the focal adhesion proteins (FA), including integrins, and intensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. However, in endothelial cells, the relationship between EndMT and the interaction of integrin receptors with lumican - a component of ECM, is still unclear. Our findings indicate that at the early stages of EndMT caused by Snail-1 transcription factor overexpression, the level of the β1 integrin subunit and its phosphorylation are elevated. Simultaneously, the changes in the level of proteins that build FAs and promote activation of integrin receptors as well as a decrease in lumican quantity were observed. These modulations contributed to increased migration of human microvascular endothelial cells, HMEC-1. Our findings were achieved by WB, ELISA and wound healing assay. Taken altogether, transfection of HMEC-1 cells with Snail-1 plasmids inducing the early stages of EndMT results in the increase of total FAK and integrin β1 phosphorylation as well as cell migration: phenomena which are modulated by interaction with lumican.

Превентивна пластика порушень архітектоніки присінка рота

The aim of the study. Improving the effectiveness of сomplex treatment of patients with maxillomandibular anomalies and disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth. Research methods. 30 people aged 12–15 years with maxillomandibular anomalies and disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth and 15 people of the comparison group. All patients had buccal frenulum plastic surgery using our proposed method. Patients of group I (15 people) were prescribed chlorhexidine-denta, patients of group II (15 people) were prescribed chlorhexidine-denta and a preparation based on hyaluronic acid in the postoperative period. Scientific novelty. Clinical studies have shown that all patients have anomalies of buccal frenum fixationin the area of the canines and premolars. The results of cytomorphometric and rheographic studies indicated a deficiency of blood supply in these areas. We found that up to 12 years in children may increase the depth of the vestibule of the mouth. The results of clinical and laboratory examination showed the advantage of the proposed treatment plan. Long-term results indicate the formation of a normorthophic scar, the absence of recurrences and recessions of the gums in the area of projections of connective tissue strands, the normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters. The obtained data in the ІІ group significantly differ from those in the І group (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Surgical correction of disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth is an important and necessary stage of complex treatment of patients with maxillomandibular anomalies and disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth. We can achieve the desired therapeutic effect in the treatment of such patients and prevent relapses only by eliminating the etiological factor. The use of preparations based on hyaluronic acid in the postoperative period stimulates reparative processes in the operated area and contributes to the formation of a normotrophic scar. Plastics of buccal frenulums are prevention of abnormal position of premolars and gum recession in the area of canines and premolars. It is important for preventive dentistry. Key words: vestibule of the mouth, buccal frenum, hyaluronic acid, mucosal graft.

The presence of retraction clefts correlates with lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis and predicts poor outcome: Analysis of 2497 breast cancer patients

Some invasive breast carcinomas are surrounded by a clear space that separate the tumor cells from the adjacent stroma, similar to invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC), but lack the thin strands of connective tissue that separate the cells and characteristic “inside-out” growth pattern of IMPC on immunohistochemical stain for EMA. We consider the presence of the retraction clefts a common phenomenon that may present as a precursor stage of IMPC (PSIMPC). In this study, a total of 2497 cases of invasive breast carcinomas were prospectively collected. Among 2497 cases of breast cancer, 949 (38.0 %) cases were PSIMPC, 200 (8.0 %) cases were IMPC and 1348 (54.0 %) cases were IBC-NST. LVI was seen in128 of 200 (64 %) IMPC and 364 of 948 (38.0 %) PSIMPC, in contrast to 246 of 1341 (18 %) IBC-NST (P < 0.001). Lymph node metastasis was seen in 147 of 200 (73.4 %) IMPC and 551 of 949 (58 %) PSIMPC, in contrast to 563 of 1345 (42 %) IBC-NST (P < 0.001). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of PSIMPC were 76.8 % and 87.6 %, compared to 63.2 % and 85.9 % in IMPC, 86.2 % and 93.7 % in IBC-NST. PSIMPC demonstrated a more favorable DFS and OS compared to IMPC, but worse DFS and OS compared to IBC-NST. Cox and logistic regression analysis showed that PSIMPC was an independent predictor of DFS and OS. Our findings suggest that the presence of retraction clefts is a precursor state of IMPC, exhibiting IMPC-like features, such as higher incidence of lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and more aggressive clinical behavior.

Features of the histological organization of pancreatic tissues on the example of a domestic bull

The aim of the study was to establish the features of the histological organization of pancreatic tissues on the example of a domestic bull. For its implementation, pancreatic tissue samples of five sexually mature one-year-old cows of a black-and-white breed obtained by biopsy were used. The selected material was fixed in a 10.0% solution of neutral formalin for a day, after which it was poured into paraffin according to the generally accepted method. Histological sections were made from the obtained blocks, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to Van Gieson and trichrome according to Mosson. It has been established that the studied organ in the studied animals belongs to complex alveolartubular glands. From the outside, it is covered with a delicate connective tissue capsule, giving rise to connective tissue strands (trabeculae) passing between its lobules. Vascular elements, nerve trunks and excretory ducts are identified as part of these structures. The gland itself, in accordance with its function, includes two parts – endocrine and exocrine. The terminal sections of its exocrine part are represented by pancreatic acinuses. As part of the latter, two departments can be distinguished - secretory (formed by serous endocrinocytes) and ductal (formed by epithelial cells (centroacinous) of the initial sections of the insertion excretory ducts). The secretory department of the acinus includes from seven to eleven cells having a pyramidal shape. They contain one welldeveloped basophilic rounded nucleus, and two zones are revealed in their cytoplasm. The basal – homogeneous – zone has a basophilic color and is located in the basal part of the cell. The apical – zymogenic (apical) zone contains secret granules and is colored oxyphilically. The endocrine part of the gland is represented by pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) formed by strands of closely interconnected endocrine cells (isulocytes) surrounded by abundant capillary loops forming branched networks inside the islet. Insulocytes are small cells having a polygonal shape with a poorly defined border. In their composition, one rounded or oval nucleus is revealed, containing evenly distributed small-smiley chromatin.

SURGICAL ASPECTS OF COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOMANDIBULAR ANOMALITIES ON THE BACKGROUND OF DISORDERS OF THE ARCHTECTONICS OF THE VESTIBULE OF THE MOUTH

Improving the effectiveness of diagnosis, comlex treatment of patients with maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth is relevant because the frenulum of the lips and tongue, connective tissue strands are the etiological factors in the development of maxillomandibular anomalies.&#x0D; 60 people with maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth were examined and treated, where plastic interventions on the vestibule of the mouth were important. Patients in groups 1A and 2A underwent plastic surgery of the vestibule of the mouth by the classical method. Patients 1B, 2B group - the proposed correction, where the wound heals with primary tension using palatal grafts.&#x0D; The peculiarity of the clinical course of maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth was a pronounced change in the architecture of the vestibule of the mouth (less than 5 mm, 85.0% (51/60) of all patients have connective tissue in the canines and premolars). Indicators of cytomorphometric and rheographic researches indicated a deficiency of blood supply in these areas. The results of clinical and laboratory examination showed a significant difference between surgical interventions, where the wound healed by primary and secondary tension. Long-term results after the proposed method of correction of disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth and the use of chlorhexidine denta and gingigel in the postoperative period indicate the formation of a normorphic scar, no recurrence and recession of the gums in the projection of connective tissue, normalization of clinical and laboratory indicators. The obtained data differ significantly from those in other groups of patients (p &lt;0.05).&#x0D; Surgical correction of architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth is an important step in the complex treatment of patients with maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth. The peculiarity of the clinical course of maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth was a pronounced change in frenulum fixation less than 5 mm, 85.0% (51/60) of patients have connective tissue strands in the area of canines and premolars, in 78.3% of patients - catarrhal hygnivitis). The results of the clinical research were confirmed by cytomorphometric and rheographic researches and indicated a lack of blood supply in these areas. Long-term results after the proposed method of correction of architectonics disorders of the vestibule of the mouth and the use of chlorhexidine dent and gingigel in the postoperative period indicate the formation of normorthophic scar, no recurrence and recession of the gums in the projection of connective tissue, normalization of clinical and laboratory. The obtained data differ significantly from those in other groups of patients (p &lt;0.05).

MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE INFLUENCE OF CORD BLOOD BIOPREPARATION ON THE THYROID GLAND OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITITIS

Abstract Relevance. One of the modern medical trends of the 21st century is regenerative medicine – a clinical discipline that aims to use cell therapy to repair damaged organs and tissues. Experimental and clinical studies have proven the great restorative potential of fetoplacental complex (FPC) biological products which is due to a wide range of biologically active substances which determines the prospects and relevance of their study in many laboratories around the world in recent decades. Purpose of research. Determination of histomorphological changes in the thyroid gland which occur during the simulation of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis and after correction of this pathology by a non-cellular preparation of cord blood serum in the early stages of its aftereffect study. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were performed on male Wistar rats with a simulated autoimmune thyroiditis (AT). Administration of the drug "Cryocell-Cryocord" was carried out intramuscularly at a rate of 10 injections every other day at the rate of 0.1 ml of diluted solution per 100 g of body weight. The comparison drug "Levothyroxine" (Berlin-Chemie, Germany) was administered to rat at a dose of 10 μg/kg of the body weight for 10 days. Histological specimens were analyzed using a Primo Star hardware and software complex, a Canon power shwet ATIO camera, a personal computer, and the Morpholog program. Results. Histomorphological analysis of the thyroid gland of rats, after 1 month. after the creation of the model, AIT confirms the stable development of its autoimmune lesions: significant foci of lymphocytic infiltration and connective tissue strands were observed. "Levothyroxine" and "Cryocell-Cryocord" had a positive effect on the histostructure of the rat thyroid gland. The more pronounced effect was observed after the introduction of the biological product "Cryocell-Cryocord". Under its influence, more significant foci were identified in the thyroid gland with signs of normalization of structural elements and restoration of its functional activity. Conclusions. On the basis of morphological and morphometric studies, a conclusion was made about the high efficiency of the use of the cell-free biological product "Cryocell-Cryocord" for the correction of autoimmune damage to the thyroid gland.

Ankyloblepharon Filiforme Adnatum in a Newborn Baby Girl

Introduction: One type of congenital defect, ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum (AFA), is characterized by a single or many strands of connective tissue connecting the upper and lower eyelids. It occurs only infrequently at the lateral or medial canthus. The eyelids normally begin to form within the fifth month of pregnancy, and they usually begin to separate entirely into an upper and lower lid by the seventh month of pregnancy. This type of tissue always originates from the grey line, which is located anterior to the meibomian gland orifices and posterior to the cilia. Case presentation: A 22-day-old female child was taken to the Surabaya Eye Clinic with a congenital eye condition. Because his top and lower eyelids were stuck together at birth, she was unable to open his eyes fully. The infant, who weighed 2.8 kg at birth, was delivered by elective caesarean section at 39 weeks gestation to a 28-year-old primigravida mother. There were no abnormalities discovered during the prenatal, intranatal, or postnatal stages. Except for iron and vitamins, the mother is not taking any medications. There was no prior history of X-ray exposure found. There was no history of congenital abnormalities or consanguinity in the patient’s family. Conclusions: Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum (AFA) is a rare case. Early diagnostic and comprehensive management including surgical correction should be performed promptly to minimize any risk of amblyopia, and enable full examination of the eye.

Хірургічна корекція порушень архітектоніки присінка рота з використанням мукозних трансплантатів

The aim of the study. Improving the effectiveness of сomplex treatment of patients with maxillomandibular anomalies and disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth through surgical and orthodontic treatment. Research methods. 30 people aged 9–12 years with maxillomandibular anomalies and disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth were examined and treated. Patients of I group (15 people) underwent plastic surgery of the vestibule of the mouth by the classical method, and patients of II group (15 people) – the proposed correction of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth, where the wound heals with primary tension using palatine mucosal grafts. Scientific novelty. Clinical studies have shown that all patients (30) had changes in the architecture of the vestibule of the mouth, which appeared with low attachment of the frenulum of the lip on maxilla and high – on mandible; 86.6 % (26/30) of patients have connective tissue strands in the area of the canines and premolars. The results of cytomorphometric and rheographic studies indicated a deficiency of blood supply in these areas. We found that up to 12 years in children may increase the depth of the mouth. The results of clinical and laboratory examination showed the advantage of the proposed treatment plan and our developed surgical correction of disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth, where the wound heals with primary tension. Long-term results indicate the formation of a normorthophic scar, the absence of recurrences and recessions of the gums in the area of projections of connective tissue strands, the normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters. The obtained data significantly differ from those in the group of patients where the surgical wound heals with secondary tension (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions. The formation of the depth of the mouth of the mouth occurs up to 12 years, which is why you need to follow the recommendations for time intervals when performing surgery in the area of the mouth of the mouth. Surgical correction of disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth is an important and necessary stage of complex treatment of patients with maxillomandibular anomalies and disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth, because only by eliminating the etiological factor we can achieve the desired therapeutic effect in the treatment of such patients. Key words: vestibule of the mouth, frenulum of the lips, connective tissue strands, mucosal transplants.

Особенности паразито-хозяинных взаимоотношений Calodium sp. (Nematoda: Capillariidae) – обыкновенная бурозубка Sorex araneus

ematodes of the genus Calodium Dujardin, 1845 (syn. Capillaria, Hepaticola) are parasites and cause hepatic capillariasis in rodents and other mammals, including humans. The life cycle of Calodium spp. may be completed in a single host species. However, the eggs, which are laid in the liver, must mature outside of the host body (in the environment) prior to infecting a new host. The death of the host in which the adults reach sexual maturity, either by being eaten or dying and decomposing, is necessary for completion of the life cycle [Moravec, 1982]. For the first time, we described the feature of the host-parasite relationship – the nematode Calodium sp. – common shrew. During monitoring studies of the parasite fauna of rodents and insectivores on the Baikal territory, we found the parasite Calodium sp. In some individuals, we noted fibrous formations on the surface of the liver, which were noticeable with the naked eye. Histological examination revealed the presence of petrified helminth fragments in the fibrous focus and eggs surrounded by connective tissue fibers. No inflammatory response of host to Calodium sp. was noted. Eggs of Calodium sp. translucent, oval in shape, covered with villi and located under a thin shell. Their length is 69.66±1.86 (63.88–72.88); width with shell 38.3±0.89 (35.49–41.11); width without shell 31.92±0.72 (29.48– 34.93). Caps are located on the poles of the eggs. Developing larvae are clearly visible, which are brightly stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen. The eggs are located compactly, the liver parenchyma at the site of localization is replaced by connective tissue. Connective tissue strands surround each egg and delimit it from the surrounding tissue. Perl’s staining did not reveal the content of hemosiderin and macrophages in the liver. No liver edema was observed. The structures of the liver were destroyed, destruction of the hepatic lobules was revealed near the accumulation of parasite eggs, but without the destruction of hepatocytes. The areas occupied by the parasite accounted for almost a quarter of the volume of the liver: this is an extensive fibrous formation with a dead nematode inside and massive accumulations of eggs in a network of connective tissue fibers. No histopathological changes were found in the rest of the liver. Due to the lack of a mature specimen of the parasite, it was not possible to determine the nematode to the species level. Although C. soricidae is a specific parasite for the common shrew, the size of the eggs in this species is smaller than in the parasite we studied. With regard to the widespread nematode C. hepatica, the nature of the hostparasite relationship has been studied in some detail. In most studies, in rats Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus, parasite encapsulation and an inflammatory reaction around the nematode and eggs are expressed, the extent of liver fibrosis is not as significant as in the shrews we observed [De Andrade and Andrade, 2004; Millán et al., 2014; Fuehrer, 2014].

Функціональна матриця в розвитку лицевого скелета в дітей

The aim of the study. Identifying the relationship between the presence of a bad habit and the violation of the formation of the facial skeleton in children. Improving the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of patients with pathological occlusion and existing bad habits through orthodontic treatment and elimination of bad habits. Research methods. Examined and treated 15 patients aged 9–12 years (group I) and 15 patients aged 12–15 years (group II) with dental and maxillary anomalies and disorders of the architecture of the mouth against the background of bad habits. All patients underwent rehabilitation of the oral cavity, orthodontic treatment with removable and non-removable structures, surgical correction of violations of the architecture of the oropharynx (freneloplasty, plastic connective tissue plastics). Conducted a clinical study, where the main point was the detection of abnormally attached bridles of the lips and tongue, the presence of connective tissue strands in the lateral group of teeth, changes in the dental-maxillary system due to bad habits. Computed tomography – to detect changes in the position of teeth and their rudiments, density and thickness of the bony structure of the jaw bones. We performed the following 3D-modeling of the facial skull and studied the cephalometric parameters of McNamara, the thickness of symmetrical masticatory muscles, analyzed the relationship between muscle thickness and bone thickness. We compared the changes in the photoprotocol before treatment, after treatment. Scientific novelty. Clinical studies have shown that 96.6 % of the examined patients (29 people) have bad habits. Patients who were able to overcome the bad habit were more likely to receive the desired therapeutic effect from the treatment based on the results of clinical and radiological examination, cephalometric analysis and photoprotocol. All patients before treatment had violations of the architecture of the oropharynx, manifested by highly attached strands in the area of the canines, premolars and bridle of the lip on the lower jaw (less than 5 mm); low-attached strands in the area of the canines, premolars and bridle of the lip on the upper jaw (less than 5 mm). Computed tomography data showed changes in the density and thickness of the bony structure of the jaw bones in areas where they were able to eliminate the bad habit. An increase in the thickness of the bony structure of the facial skull and an increase in the thickness of the masticatory muscles on the side where they managed to eliminate the bad habit were observed. Patients in groups I and II had a significant difference in cephalometric parameters according to McNamara before treatment and one year after the start of active treatment (p ≤ 0.05). The indicators in groups I and II did not differ significantly before treatment (p ≥ 0.05), but differed significantly one year after treatment (p ≤ 0.05), which is associated with the properties of bone structure at different ages of patients. Conclusions. Bad habits progress regardless of the patient's age, manifested in 96.6 % of patients.The results of clinical and radiological studies, analysis of cephalometric parameters and data on the thickness of the masticatory muscles confirm the relationship between chronic bad habits and the development of musculoskeletal system. The results indicate the ability of bone tissue to change its thickness, shape after the elimination of bad habits and confirm the presence of a functional matrix of bone structure. Bad habit is often one of the etiological factors in the development of pathological occlusion and only with its conscious elimination the patient achieves the desired therapeutic effect. Key words: bad habits, bone structure, orthodontic treatment.

Regularities of the histological structure of the interventricular septum of the heart of a goat of the anglonubian breed

The study of the features of the morphology of the heart and its structures in farm animals in species and breed aspects is an urgent direction in fundamental research. Anglo-Nubian goats are a versatile goat breed, and currently their breeding is gaining popularity in the North-West region of the Russian Federation. Due to the capriciousness of this breed of goats to cold temperatures, they can often suffer from diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The purpose of our study is to establish the histological features of the structure of the interventricular septum of the heart of an Anglo-Nubian goat.Eleven corpses of Anglo-Nubian goats obtained during slaughter in the farm of the Moscow region of the Russian Federation "Gzhelpodvorie" were presented as the material under study. The age of the corpses of Anglo-Nubian goats was 12-13 months. As research methods were used: fine anatomical preparation and manufacture of histological preparations.We found that the composition of the interventricular septum of the heart of an Anglo-Nubian goat contains contractile cardiomyocytes, strands of loose unformed connective tissue, muscle and mixed blood vessels, nerve trunks, a few Purkinje fibers, as well as the endocardium. Also established morphometric data of histostructures of the interventricular septum in a goat of the Anglo-Nubian breed.

Структурна трансформація протокової системи підшлункової залози у хворих на хронічний панкреатит

Актуальність. Клітини проток становлять до 30 % від маси підшлункової залози (ПЗ) людини, а збільшення кількості бранчів проток відноситься до одних із перших сонологічних ознак хронічного панкреатиту (ХП). Мета дослідження — визначення морфологічних й імуногістохімічних особливостей протокової системи ПЗ хворих на ХП, яким були виконані резекційні та дренуючі операції з приводу ускладнень хронічного панкреатиту. Матеріали та методи. Проведено імуногістохімічне дослідження операційного матеріалу 40 хворих з ускладненим хронічним панкреатитом з використанням реакцій на a-ізоформу гладком’язового актину (a-SMA), десмін, фібронектин й колаген I типу. Результати. Характерна морфологічна картина розвитку ХП є поєднанням фіброзування з деформацією протокової системи за рахунок перидуктального фіброзу з розширенням міждолькових фіброзних септ, потовщенням інтралобулярних сполучно­тканинних тяжів, а також значною звивістістю і розширенням проток з ретенційними кістами. Значна структурна перебудова протокової системи ПЗ у хворих на ХП спостерігалася в 87,5 % випадків, в 17,5 % випадків картина доповнювалася явищами ацинарно-протокової метаплазії з трансформацією ацинарних клітин у протокові і формуванням дрібних дуктулоподібних структур, так званих тубулярних комплексів. У 7,5 % випадків в головній панкреатичній протоці визначалися вогнища атрофії протокового епітелію, які чергувалися з вогнищами папілярної інтраепітеліальної гіперплазії епітелію (PanIN). Розвитку панкреатичного фіброзу при ХП сприяє накопичення a-SMA+-активованих панкреатичних зірчастих клітин, що синтезують надлишок компонентів екстрацелюлярного матриксу, зокрема колагену I типу. Середня площа колагену І типу та інтенсивність його експресії були вірогідно нижче при зниженій експресії a-SMA (p &lt; 0,05) і вірогідно вище у випадках вираженої експресії фібронектину (p &lt; 0,05). Висновки. Вивчення структурних змін протокової системи ПЗ з використанням методів імуногістохімії є одним із способів покращення ранньої діагностики ускладнень ХП.

Play, Free Association, and Enactment

In this article I define childhood symbolic play, free association, and enactments as distinct entities despite the important strands of connective tissue that bind them psychologically. To Freud’s definition of play being the same as fantasy, except for play’s need to use props and playthings to actualize itself, I add action as an obvious but yet nevertheless neglected component of childhood symbolic play. I suggest that the potential for free association begins with the achievement of formal Piagetian cognitive processes in early adolescence, an achievement that needs no props or actions to set it in motion since words and ideas generate further spontaneities in a creative flow of associations. In adult psychoanalytic process, I define enactment, not only in the modern sense of a shared unconscious communication that illustrates the complementarity of countertransference/transference mutuality, but as if enactment could be isolated from its enmeshment in the countertransference/transference milieu of analytic process and viewed momentarily as a transference entity exclusively. I take this point of view to emphasize longitudinally, an individual’s action in a developmental sequence, an imaginary developmental line from the six stages of sensorimotor actions that lead to symbolism, to thought as trial action, leading on then to symbolic play and to free association in adolescence, free associative communication being the essential core of analytic process despite the ubiquity of enactments that accompany it. I illustrate this imagined developmental line, which leads from the earliest sensorimotor acts to the decisive non-neurotic acts that characterize individuated post-analytic maturity, with psychoanalytic process from childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

Підвищення якості лікування пацієнтів, які перебувають у стані хронічного соціального стресу

The aim of the study. Improving the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of patients with pathological occlusion and existing bad habits through orthodontic treatment and elimination of bad habits. Research methods. 30 patients aged 9–12 years with dental and maxillary anomalies and disorders of the architecture of the oropharynx against the background of bad habits were examined and treated. Patients of group I (15 people) underwent rehabilitation of the oral cavity, orthodontic treatment with removable and non-removable structures, frenuloplasty, and in the postoperative period were prescribed chlorhexidine-dent, patients of group II (15 people) treatment was supplemented with dioxisol (UA/8021/01/01). Conducted a clinical study, where the main point was the detection of abnormally attached frenulum of the lips and tongue, the presence of connective tissue strands in the lateral group of teeth, changes in the dental-maxillary system due to bad habits. X-ray examination (computed tomography, orthopantomography) was used to detect changes in the position of the teeth and their rudiments, density and thickness of the bone structure of the jaw bones. McNamara’s cephalometric parameters were studied, and the thickness of the masticatory muscles was analyzed. We compared the changes in the position of the teeth on models and the indicators of the photoprotocol before treatment, after treatment. All patients underwent a secret questionnaire before and during treatment to identify stressors that affect the body, studied the relationship between the presence of stressors and bad habits in children. Scientific novelty. Clinical studies have shown that 90 % of patients surveyed (27 people) have bad habits that are associated with chronic social stress. Patients who were able to overcome the bad habit were more likely to receive the desired therapeutic effect from the treatment based on the results of clinical and radiological examination, cephalometric analysis and photoprotocol. All patients before treatment had violations of the architecture of the oropharynx, which were manifested by highly attached strands in the area of the canines, premolars and frenulum of the lip on the lower jaw (less than 5 mm); low-attached strands in the area of the canines, premolars and frenulum of the lip on the upper jaw (less than 5 mm). In patients whose dioxyzole was included in the surgical correction of architectural disorders, the formation of a normotrophic scar was observed, which did not cause a traumatic effect on periodontal tissues and the position of a particular group of teeth. In patients who included dioxysol in the complex treatment, the formation of a normotrophic scar was observed, which did not cause traumatic effects on periodontal tissues and the position of a particular group of teeth. Computed tomography data showed changes in the density and thickness of the bone structure of the jaw bones in areas where they were able to eliminate the bad habit. Evaluation of models of dentition after treatment confirmed the radiological characteristics. Conclusions. Bad habits progress in the presence of chronic social stress, which according to the survey, is manifested in 90 % of patients. Frenuloplasty is an important stage in the complex treatment of patients with dental and maxillary anomalies and the presence of anomalies in the architecture of the dorsum of the mouth. After active orthodontic treatment with removable and non-removable structures and conduction, frenuloplasty, constant struggle over chronic habits and leveling of stress factors by eliminating stressors, we get the desired therapeutic effect in orthodontic patients. Key words: stress, bad habits, frenuloplasty, orthodontic treatment.

Recovery Processes in the Adrenal Glands of Dogs

The aim of this research was a comparative study of cyclic changes in secretory, destructive and proliferative processes in the adrenal cortex in dogs. Material and methods . Cyclic changes of morphofunctional indices of adrenal cortex in dogs (Canis familiaris) were studied. Healthy mature males were used. The material was collected in the period from December to April with a monthly interval. For light microscopy the fragments of the adrenal glands were fixed in Steve, Bouin and Zenker liquids, 10% neutral formalin solution. PAS-reaction was used. RNA was detected by the Brachet reaction and gallocyanine according to Einarsson. The material fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin was used to study lipids. Results. In January, in the adrenal cortex clearly expressed glomerular, fasciculate and reticulae zones. In the glomerular zone elongated cells with oval nuclei are situated, in the fascicular - polygonal cells with rounded nuclei. In February, a decrease in the functional activity of the cortical parenchyma and the development of extensive destructive changes in glandular cells, especially in the glomerular zone, were found in the adrenal cortex. In March, the development of recovery processes and increased secretory activity of the adrenal cortex were noted. Proliferative processes are accompanied by loosening of the capsule, the formation of connective tissue strands going into the fascicular zone. Among the fibers of connective tissue fibroblasts, fibrocytes and small poorly differentiated cells with rounded nuclei are disposed. These cells are converted into elongated cells of the glomerular zone and polygonal cells of the fascicular zone.