Guidelines For Storage Research Articles

A critical assessment of the applicability of Storage Resources Management System (SRMS) to Subsurface Energy Storage

Storage of large quantities of various gasses - including hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and hydrogen - is going to be increasingly important as the energy transition progresses. Large scale gas storage capacity, which will require some form of underground (geological) storage, will be critical. The necessity to finance various storage schemes requires rigorous estimation of ‘bookable’ storage capacity using recognised, auditable standards that a financial institution can depend on. Ostensibly, the requirements of any underground store of gas are similar. However, there are key differences between the requirements of an underground store for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in perpetuity when compared to the requirements of an underground ‘energy store’ (where the ability to inject and recover the gas cyclically to meet demand is critical) whether that be natural gas, hydrogen or even, compressed air. The purpose of this paper is threefold: a) to highlight certain key aspects of existing storage guidelines, the CO 2 Storage Resources Management System, SRMS (SPE 2017), which were developed specifically for CO 2 , b) to highlight key differences between CO 2 storage in perpetuity and underground ‘energy storage’, and c) to discuss whether the guidelines in the SRMS may be applicable to other types of gas storage such as ‘energy storage’. Similar to hydrocarbon Reserves classification (the Petroleum Resource Management System, PRMS (SPE 2018), the SRMS is a project-based system that rigorously defines CO 2 storage in major storage resource classes: Stored, Capacity, Contingent Storage Resources, and Prospective Storage Resources, as well as Inaccessible Storage Resources. The basic classification requires establishment of criteria for the discovery of storable quantities, and thereafter, the distinction between commercial and sub-commercial projects (and hence between Capacity and Contingent Storage Resources). Again, as with the PRMS there is a range of uncertainty in volume assigned to each class. In all cases, the key attributes of the geological store are the ability to receive the gas efficiently and to trap it effectively. For both natural gas and hydrogen, the ability to recover the stored gas efficiently, and economically, is an imperative. In all cases, understanding the characteristics of the host rock (whether a depleted hydrocarbon reservoir, saline aquifer or salt cavern) and modelling the flow of gas and/or fluids through the porous and permeable host is critical. A further key difference is the likely efficiency requirements to inject CO 2 as a super-critical fluid even though it is extracted from the atmosphere as a gas.

Impact of insulin storage and syringe reuse on insulin sterility in diabetes mellitus patients in Mwanza Tanzania

This study evaluated microbial contamination in insulin products used by diabetic patients in Mwanza, Tanzania, focusing on syringe reuse and improper storage practices, such as using clay pots or charcoal and water buckets. Conducted in 2024, this cross-sectional, laboratory-based study collected 81 insulin vials from 51 diabetic patients at Bugando Medical Centre through appointments and home visits. The insulin samples were cultured for microbial growth, and bacteria were identified using in-house biochemical tests. The median age of the patients was 50 [IQR: 25–64] years; half had diabetes mellitus for six years and used insulin for five years. Half were male, 52% had primary education, and 49% stored insulin in clay pots. Out of 81 insulin samples collected from diabetic patients, 5 (6.2%) showed microbial contamination, mainly due to Gram-positive bacteria. Contaminated products included Humulin R, Humulin N, and Biosulin 30/70. Storage in clay pots had higher contamination (16%) than storage in refrigerators (0%). Improper storage practices, such as immersing vials in water or a mixture of water and sand within clay pots expose insulin to microbial contamination, which increases the risk of infections. To ensure safety and effectiveness patients should be educated to follow the manufacturer’s storage guidelines.

Impact of leukoreduction on the metabolome of ovine packed red blood cells during refrigerated storage.

Blood transfusion is a life-saving intervention for many species of veterinary interest, including sheep. Despite extensive research on the impact of refrigerated storage of packed red blood cells (pRBC) in humans, research on the quality of stored ovine blood is limited and storage guidelines are mostly informed by studies in humans. Human pRBC are currently stored without residual white blood cells, following selective removal of the leukocytes by filtration (leukoreduction). This process delays the onset and mitigates the progression of the storage lesion, a series of molecular changes that RBC undergo as a function of storage duration. However, leukoreduction of ovine pRBC is not routinely performed. Here we performed metabolomics analyses of non-leukoreduced (nLR) and LR pRBC from six sheep. Units were stored under standard veterinary blood bank conditions (4°C) for up to 42 days and sterilely sampled weekly for metabolomics analyses of cells and supernatants. LR-pRBC showed significantly lower levels of mono-, di- and tri-carboxylates in both the cellular and supernatant compartments, and slower accumulation of lactate and immunomodulatory succinate, fumarate and malate. The presence of residual white blood cells in the units accelerated the consumption of glucose from the media, with no increase in detectable high energy phosphate compounds (AMP). nLR showed a higher degree of purine breakdown and deamination products, (hypoxanthine, xanthine and allantoate). Elevated free fatty acids in nLR RBC are consistent with increased lipid peroxidation and lipolysis. Strong sex dimorphism was observed across all samples, independently of storage duration or leukoreduction. Leukoreduction of ovine pRBC delays the onset and mitigates the metabolic storage lesion to central energy and redox metabolism, while almost completely abrogating the accumulation of carboxylates in stored units.

Stability Evaluation of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Commercial Aspirin Tablets under Different Storage Conditions

This study evaluated the stability of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in commercial Aspirin Protect 100 mg tablets under eight different storage conditions, including varying exposure to moisture, light, and temperature, with a focus on tablets stored in dosette boxes. Acid-base titration methods were used to assess ASA degradation and stability. Elevated moisture had the greatest impact on ASA stability, significantly reducing recovery factors to 85.38% and 81.10% under high humidity, while temperature influenced ASA stability, with notable deviations from control values at temperatures above 25°C (13.26% and 7.16% for two methods). Although storage at 18–25°C yielded acceptable results, reduced temperatures (<8°C) provided better stability. Direct sunlight exposure caused further degradation, reducing recovery values to as low as 82.5% and increasing deviations from control (-10.82% to -16.77%). Hydrolysis, exacerbated by environmental factors, was identified as the primary degradation pathway, leading to the formation of salicylic acid and acetic acid. Samples stored in under recommended conditions had the best stability, with recovery factors meeting pharmacopoeia standards (101.08% and 99.16% of labelled content). These findings underscore the importance of proper storage practices for ASA tablets to maintain their quality, safety, and therapeutic efficacy. While repackaging tablets into dosette boxes may improve compliance, it can compromise stability, highlighting the need for stricter storage guidelines to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Regulatory Frameworks for Transitioning to Net-Zero Energy Buildings in a Tropical Desert Climate

Domestic electricity consumption in the Kingdom of Bahrain accounts for 48% of total national electricity consumption, increasing between 1.5 and 3.5% annually. This increase is due to indoor cooling electricity accounting for up to 80% of domestic electricity consumption. The Kingdom is aiming for a reduction in carbon emissions of 30% by 2035 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Hence, reducing electricity consumption is necessary. Recently, the Kingdom’s Electricity and Water Authority has issued updated building regulations regarding the maximum thermal transmittance allowed for residential buildings. This study employed a quantitative simulation of a typical housing unit (T8) in the Kingdom of Bahrain, assessing building envelope materials and air conditioning efficacy following the updated building regulations via DesignBuilder V. 7.0.2.006 software. Additionally, this study examined the potential of building regulations to facilitate the transition to net-zero energy buildings by comparing electricity consumption with renewable energy generated from rooftop photovoltaic panels. It was determined that electricity consumption could be reduced by up to 52% by following building regulations and relying on current materials in the residential sector. Furthermore, this reduction may facilitate the Kingdom’s attainment of net-zero energy status through onsite power generation of 12,500 kWh/year. This study concluded that achieving net-zero energy status is possible by following building regulations and relying on commercially accessible construction materials; however, guidelines for energy storage or a feed-in tariff for the residential sector must be established.

Clinical Practice With Preprimed Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Safety, Sterility, and Functionality.

This 5 year retrospective study presents the clinical experience with preprimed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuits used in a Single Hub Center Hospital, focusing on sterility, functionality, and safety. The ECMO program has been active since 2019, with a total of 223 circuits managed. Our preassembled and preprimed ECMO circuits were stored in a sterile environment and continuously circulated until implantation. Sterility and functionality testing was performed at the end of circuit preparation, every 7 days, and before implantation. Our results show that only 2 (0.3%) of the 570 samples tested positive for bacteria, and all implanted devices demonstrated satisfactory gas transfer performance. None of the ECMO devices demonstrated any loss of early functionality after implantation. The longest storage period of a preprimed circuit was 73 days, with no positive culture results. Our study highlights the importance of preassembled and preprimed ECMO circuits in improving clinical practice in emergency situations, highlighting their safety and potential to improve clinical practice. Furthermore, our findings suggest that standardizing guidelines for prepriming and storage of ECMO circuits can help minimize the risk of contamination.

Evaluation of Lipid Changes During the Drying Process of Cordyceps sinensis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)-Based Lipidomics Technique.

Comprehensive analysis of the lipid content in Cordyceps sinensis samples is essential for optimizing their effective use. Understanding the lipid profile can significantly enhance the application of this valuable fungus across various fields, including nutrition and medicine. However, to date, there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of different drying methods on the quality of lipids present in Cordyceps sinensis. In this study, we employed a broadly targeted lipidomic strategy to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the lipid composition in Cordyceps sinensis subjected to various drying methods. A comprehensive analysis identified a total of 765 distinct lipid species from fresh Cordyceps sinensis (FC), vacuum-freeze-dried Cordyceps sinensis (VG), oven-dried Cordyceps sinensis (OG), and air-dried Cordyceps sinensis (AG). Among these, glycerophospholipids (GP) were the most abundant, followed by glycerides (GL) and sphingolipids (SP). In this study, a total of 659 lipids demonstrated statistically significant differences, as indicated by a p-value (p) < 1. Among these lipids, triglycerides (TG) exhibited the highest concentration, followed by several others, including ceramide-ascorbic acid (Cer-AS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and phosphatidylserine (PS). OG was the fastest drying method; however, PCA and OPLS-DA analyses indicated that the most significant changes in the lipids of Cordyceps sinensis were observed under the OG method. Specifically, 517 differentially accumulated lipids were significantly down-regulated, while only 10 lipids were significantly up-regulated. This disparity may be attributed to the degradation and oxidation of lipids. The metabolic pathways of glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, and cholesterol are critical during the drying process of Cordyceps sinensis. This study provides valuable insights that can enhance quality control and offer guidelines for the appropriate storage of this medicinal fungus.

Extended Testing of the Auto-Ignition Characteristics of Hydrogen–Natural Gas Mixtures for the Safety of Power Plants

Abstract A successful transition to global clean energy hinges on meeting the world’s growing demand for power, while at the same time reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving this will require significant growth in electricity generation from clean and carbon-free energy sources. Several energy providers (Acar and Dincer, 2019, “Review and Evaluation of Hydrogen Production Options for Better Environment,” J. Cleaner Prod., 218, pp. 835–849 and Nagashima, M., 2024, “Japan’s Hydrogen Strategy and Its Economic and Geopolitical Implications,” Afficher la page d’accueil du site) have already begun the transition from traditional carbon-based fuels to cleaner alternatives, such as hydrogen (H2) and hydrogen-enriched natural gas (HENG). However, there are still many technical questions/challenges that must be addressed when applying these fuels in gas turbines. The application of H2 or H2/natural gas (NG) blends to advanced-class gas turbines, which have higher operating pressures and temperatures, has raised concerns about the potential for leakages or fuel sequencing operations where flammable mixtures of fuel and air could auto-ignite. Public information on the auto-ignition of H2 in the air at atmospheric pressure shows an auto-ignition temperature (AIT) between 520 and 585 °C (U.S. Department of Energy, 2024, “U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen Program Plan,” U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC; Georgia Power, 2022, “Georgia Power, Mitsubishi Power, EPRI Complete World’s Largest Hydrogen Fuel Blending at Plant McDonough-Atkinson,” Georgia Power, Atlanta, GA; and gepower-v2, 2024, “New York Power Authority: GE Vernova,” gepower-v2, Cambridge, MA). Such data show AIT of H2 is ∼100 °C lower than that of methane (CH4) which has a minimum AIT of around 600 °C (Huth, M., and Heilos, A., 2013, “Fuel Flexibility in Gas Turbine Systems: Impact on Burner Design and Performance,” Modern Gas Turbine Systems, Sawston, UK, pp. 635–684). Studies also show that as pressure increases, methane’s AIT decreases significantly to around 390 °C (Loving, C., Mastantuono, G., Terracciano, A. C., Vasu, S. S., Pigon, T., Hernandez, A., and Cloyd, S., 2023, “Auto-Ignition Test Results of Hydrogen and Natural Gas Fuels at Atmospheric and Elevated Pressures for Gas Turbine Safety,” ASME Paper No. GT2023-102674). However, there was insufficient information in the published literature to characterize the influence of pressure on the AIT of H2 and HENG fuels. At atmospheric conditions, H2 has a wider flammability range of equivalence ratios that ignition can occur compared to methane. H2’s flammability ranges from 4% to 75% molar (volume) fuel concentration, which is an equivalence ratio range of 0.137–2.57. Methane’s flammability limit ranges from 5% to 15% molar (volume) or an equivalence ratio between 0.53 and 1.58 (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997, Safety Standard for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems: Guidelines for Hydrogen System Design, Materials Selection, Operations, Storage, and Transportation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Safety and Mission Assurance; National Technical Information Service, Distributor, Washington, DC, Springfield, VA). Previous research has also been done to determine the effect of longer hydrocarbons present in natural gas mixtures. The presence of ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H8) has been shown to reduce the AIT of natural gas, especially at elevated pressures (The Association, 1994, NFPA 49: Hazardous Chemicals Data, The Association, Quincy, MA). These longer hydrocarbons also tend to promote ignition in richer conditions, whereas methane tends to ignite easier in slightly lean conditions (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997, Safety Standard for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems: Guidelines for Hydrogen System Design, Materials Selection, Operations, Storage, and Transportation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Safety and Mission Assurance; National Technical Information Service, Distributor, Washington, DC, Springfield, VA). Numerous variables besides the pressure, fuel, and equivalence ratio can affect the AIT including chamber volume size, chamber materials, presence of diluents, and other factors (Standards Australia International, 2000, Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres. Part 20, Data for Flammable Gases and Vapours, Relating to the Use of Electrical Apparatus, Standards Australia International; Standards New Zealand, Strathfield, NSW, Wellington, NZ). This study describes the test methodology used to evaluate conditions where auto-ignition occurs for various fuel–air mixtures operating at different pressures (1–30 atm) and temperatures. Testing was completed with 100% H2 and multiple H2/NG blends at various equivalence ratios (ER) between 0.2 and 2.5. Testing was similarly performed for 100% NG to validate the test and data collection methods cited in prior published literature. Results indicate that, at atmospheric pressures, an increase in H2 concentration results in a reduced AIT. However, at 30 atm, the increased presence of H2 increased the AIT. At elevated pressures above 10 atm, increased equivalence ratio resulted in reduced AIT for all mixtures with NG having the greatest sensitivity to equivalence ratio. Variations of auto-ignition delay times (AIDT) were also observed during the testing and are compared to modeling predictions, providing insight into auto-ignition characteristics.

Exploring aluminum as a solid thermal storage medium for solar cooking application: An experimental investigation coupled with numerical modeling using OpenFOAM

Exploring aluminum as a solid thermal storage medium for solar cooking application: An experimental investigation coupled with numerical modeling using OpenFOAM

Nodule Associated Plant Probiotics on Seed Quality of Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) under Ambient Storage Condition

Background: India is the leading producer and importer of pulses in the world. Post-harvest storage loss ranging from 5-10% which is very high in India. This situation demands the development of storage guidelines for pulses to prevent the storage losses without deterioration. The liquid-based formulations of nodule associated plant probiotics are known for increasing the plant growth and yield related parameters in field conditions. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of seed treatment of liquid based formulation of NAPP to maintain seed viability, vigour during storage period and also to assess the shelf life of the formulation. Methods: Population of nodule associated plant probiotics spore count was assessed in stored seeds at bimonthly intervals, SEM analysis was taken to confirm the presence of probiotics initially and effect of NAPP on seed quality during storage period was assessed. Result: The results revealed that (T3) seeds coated with microbial consortia (NAPP) of Rhizobium sp VRE1 + Candida tropicalis VYW1+ Paenibacillus taichungensis TNEB6+ AMF have recorded maximum germination (71%), germination energy (7.2) and seedling vigour index (1690). Also, coated seeds recorded highest protein content, antioxidant enzymes and lowest level of EC, free amino acids compared to control seeds after 12 months of storage under ambient condition. Microbial population was maintained at 3.2 log cfu/g of coated seeds when compared to 1.0 log cfu/g of primed seeds after one year of storage.

Study of moisture sorption thermodynamic in canola oilseed and drying energy requirement considerations

AbstractThe objective of this study is to derive the thermodynamic characteristics from sorption isotherm data for canola. The semi‐gravimetric method was utilized at three different temperatures (25, 40, and 55°C) and seven air relative humidity levels within the range of 11%–90%. The observed data indicated that the equilibrium moisture content of the sample decreased as the temperature increased. The “GAB and BET” models were applied to fit the empirical data, which demonstrated a Type III isotherm, and the monolayer water content was subsequently determined using these models. Thermodynamic properties such as “isosteric heat,” “net isosteric heat,” “differential entropy,” “net integral entropy,” and “net integral enthalpy” were determined from isothermal sorption curves. The results show that as moisture content increases, both the sorption isosteric heat and the differential entropy of sorption decrease. This indicates that at higher moisture levels, the energy required for additional moisture adsorption and the changes in entropy are reduced. Similarly, the net isosteric heat of sorption and the net integral enthalpy of sorption also decrease with increasing moisture content, consistent with the observed reductions in isosteric heat and differential entropy. The specific absorption surface area for each temperature was determined by calculating the monolayer moisture content using both the “GAB and BET models.” The net integral entropy had an increasing trend in the range of 4%–4.5% (db%), while it decreased in the range of 4.5%–6.8% of moisture content. In addition, the spreading pressure at three levels of temperature was reported. Finally, an empirical relation was employed to illustrate the cumulative energy requirement for drying versus moisture content. The results indicated that at low moisture content levels, the drying process required significantly higher energy.Practical applicationsMoisture sorption isotherms are essential for understanding the interaction between water and food ingredients. This knowledge is vital for improving food processing methods such as drying, mixing, cooling, and storage. In industry, isotherms can help determine the best drying method to maintain food quality, identify the optimal mixing conditions to ensure consistency, establish cooling protocols to prevent spoilage, and set storage guidelines to extend shelf life. In addition, understanding thermodynamic properties is crucial for regulating moisture absorption and release, achieving the desired food texture, managing surface characteristics, and calculating the energy needed for effective dehydration processes.

Molecular simulation study on the adsorption and storage behavior of CO2 in different matrix components of shale

ABSTRACT This study investigates the adsorption and storage behaviour of CO2 in the different matrix components of shale based on a molecular simulation method. First, based on the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method, we successfully established five pore models three fluid models to study the effects of temperature, pressure, pore diameter, water content, and CH4 on the adsorption of CO2. Then, based on the actual data from the shale of the Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin, China, the storage capacity of CO2 in the shale is determined by calculating the density distribution of CO2 and the proportion of excess adsorbed gas. The results demonstrate that both high temperatures and water content are unfavourable for the adsorption of CO2 in the shale pores. The adsorption of CO2 increases with rising pressure while it decreases with increasing pore size. The magnitude and stability of CO2 adsorption in the pores of various matrix components is as follows: organic matter > montmorillonite > illite > kaolinite > quartz. Compared to the scenarios neglecting the adsorption of CO2, the storage capacity of CO2 decreases by 7.87%. The main finding of this study is expected to provide theoretical guidelines for CO2 adsorption storage in shale.

Predictive modeling of allowable storage time of finger millet grains using artificial neural network and support vector regression approaches

Predictive modeling of allowable storage time of finger millet grains using artificial neural network and support vector regression approaches

Optimizing Mouse Primary Lens Epithelial Cell Culture: A Comprehensive Guide to Trypsinization.

Lens epithelial cells (LECs) play multiple important roles in maintaining the homeostasis and normal function of the lens. LECs determine lens growth, development, size, and transparency. Conversely, dysfunctional LECs can lead to cataract formation and posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Consequently, establishing a robust primary LEC culture system is important to researchers engaged in lens development, biochemistry, cataract therapeutics, and PCO prevention. However, cultivating primary LECs has long presented challenges due to their limited availability, slow proliferation rate, and delicate nature. This study addresses these hurdles by presenting a comprehensive protocol for primary LEC culture. The protocol encompasses essential steps such as the formulation of an optimized culture medium, precise isolation of lens capsules, trypsinization techniques, subculture procedures, harvest protocols, and guidelines for storage and shipment. Throughout the culture process, cell morphology was monitored using phase-contrast microscopy. To confirm the authenticity of the cultured LECs, immunofluorescence assays were conducted to detect the presence and subcellular distribution of critical lens proteins, namely αA- and γ-crystallins. This detailed protocol equips researchers with a valuable resource for cultivating and characterizing primary LECs, enabling advancements in our comprehension of lens biology and the development of therapeutic strategies for lens-related disorders.

Predictive modelling of allowable storage time for pearl millet using multilayer perception neural network

Predictive modelling of allowable storage time for pearl millet using multilayer perception neural network

Prevalent Parental Practice Toward Drug Storage and Disposal.

Introduction The environment, healthcare services, and public safety can all be directly impacted by improper drug storage and disposal practices. It is unknown whether parents store drugs at home in accordance with recommended storage guidelines, despite the fact that storage conditions are strictly regulated and monitored at every stage of the drug supply chain prior to drug dispensing. Therefore, it is crucial to dispose of medications properly and store them at home to avoid the consequences. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the drug storage safety measures used by parents to prevent unintentional drug poisoning in children. Methodology A structured questionnaire was used to conduct a cross-sectional, interview-based study on home medication storage, attitudes, and disposal practices between October 2023 and January 2024. We recruited parents who visited primary healthcare centers or pediatric clinics using a convenience sampling technique. Results All of the 353 returned questionnaires were valid for data entry and analysis. The mean age of the parents was 35.1 ± 11.9 years old and more than half of them 229 (64.9%) have bachelor's degrees. The majority of drugs (271, 88.6%) were stored in the fridge, followed by bedrooms (26.8%). The medication classes that were stored the most frequently were analgesics (92.2%) and antihistamines (62.1%). The majority of parents (214, 69.9%) kept medications above adult eye level, even though only 28% did not keep them in safe and secure locations like locked drawers or boxes. Eighty percent (80%) disposed of unwanted medicines by throwing them in the trash, and only 10 (2.8%) returned them to the pharmacy. Conclusions Drug storage at home encourages self-medication, which has a number of negative effects. Over time, there has been an increase in the use of medications due to a rise in people's health-seeking awareness and behavior on a global scale. Therefore, this study may be used as a guide by national policy-makers for pharmaceutical disposal and storage management. Moreover, it might help in raising public awareness of the importance of pharmacists in the society and the safe handling and storage of medications at home.

Guidelines for Packaging, Transport, and Storage of Source Cells for Organoids.

This paper presents guidelines for the systematic management of packaging, storage, transportation, and traceability of source cells used for organoid research. Given the important role of source cells in organoid studies, it is important to ensure the preservation of their quality and integrity throughout transportation and distribution processes. The proposed guidelines, therefore, call for a cohesive strategy through these stages to minimize the risks of contamination, deterioration, and loss-threats that significantly compromise the safety, efficacy, and efficiency of source cells. Central to these guidelines is the quality control measures that include roles and responsibilities across the entire supply chain, with recommendations specific to packaging materials, transportation facilities, and storage management. Furthermore, the need for an integrated management system is emphasized, spanning from source cell collection to the final application. This system is crucial for maintaining the traceability and accountability of source cells, facilitating the sharing, distribution, and utilization on a global scale, and supporting to advance organoid research and development.

Tulane Virus Persistence and Microbial Stability in 3D Food Ink under Various Storage Conditions: A Pre- and Post-Printing Analysis

3D food printers facilitate novel customization of the physicochemical properties of food. This study aimed to investigate the impact of storage conditions on the inactivation of the human norovirus surrogate, Tulane virus (TuV), within 3D printed foods. TuV-inoculated protein cookie food ink (∽ 4 log PFU/g) was distributed into 18 3D food printer capsules (50 g each); half immediately underwent extrusion. Storage of the capsules and printed food products at 20 °C (0, 6, 12, and 24 h), 4 °C (0, 1, 3, and 5d), and − 18 °C (0, 1, 3, and 5d) was completed before analysis for TuV via plaque assays in addition to aerobic plate count, yeast and mold counts, and pH and water activity (aw) measurements. A significant 3-way interaction effect was observed between time, temperature, and storage method (capsule/print) (p = 0.006). Significant findings include: (1) A greater reduction in virions was observed in capsules after 24 h at 20 °C and (2) a substantial reduction in virions at 4 °C from day 0 to day 1 was observed, independent of storage method. Microbial indicators remained steady across temperatures, with storage temperature significantly impacting pH and aw. A significant two-way interaction effect (p = 0.006) was found between microorganism type (yeast/aerobic counts) and temperature. This research seeks to provide insights for the food industry and regulatory bodies in crafting guidelines for the safe storage and handling of 3D printed foods and inks.

Administration of Drugs for Pharmacotherapy of Tuberculosis According to GSP Requirements

This research paper outlines the findings from a comprehensive investigation focused on the dispensation and management of antituberculosis medications in pharmaceutical practices. The examination of antituberculosis medications was conducted using various classification systems, including ATC codes, clinical and pharmacological, classification and legal, nomenclature and legal groups. The study provides a detailed analysis of the harmonization process for GxP standards within Ukraine, offering a thorough understanding of the current practices. Additionally, the research looks into the supply chain dynamics of antituberculosis medication distribution. Developed within the study are strategic guidelines for the proper storage of these medications, essential for maintaining their efficacy and safety. A systematic proposal for the spatial organization of storage facilities in the wholesale sector is presented, ensuring compliance with GSP. The study’s goal was to refine the methodologies involved in the storage and management of antituberculosis drugs, with the ultimate aim of enhancing the efficiency of tuberculosis treatment protocols. This, in turn, is expected to elevate the caliber of healthcare delivery and pharmaceutical care available to patients afflicted with tuberculosis. Expanding on the study's contributions, the paper highlights the implications of these findings for public health policy and the potential to streamline pharmaceutical organization. By drawing attention to the criticality of adherence to rigorous storage protocols, the research underscores the necessity of meticulous oversight in the pharmaceutical supply chain. The insights gained from the study are not only pivotal for healthcare providers but also for policymakers tasked with the mandate of curbing the tuberculosis epidemic. The proposed recommendations provide a scaffold for future enhancements in drug management practices.

Cross-sectional Study of Insulin Pen Storage Knowledge and Related Factors in Vietnamese People with Diabetes

Knowledge about insulin pen storage significantly and directly affects treatment efficacy and quality for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Accurate and complete understanding and practice are vital for properly managing this chronic condition. However, studies on insulin pen use and storage have not been well-researched in Vietnam. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge of people with type 2 diabetes regarding insulin pen use and storage. Data were collected through convenience sampling from 132 people with diabetes at a provincial hospital in Vietnam from September 2022 to May 2023. We developed the Vietnamese Insulin Pen Storage Knowledge Questionnaire (VIPSKQ) based on guidelines, Addendum 1: Forum for Injection Technique and Therapy Expert Recommendations, India 2021. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. Results indicated that only 35.6% of participants had good knowledge of insulin pen storage, whereas 64.4% did not. Four factors that affected the participants’ understanding of insulin-pen storage were age, education level, duration of diagnosis, and years of treatment for diabetes mellitus. Nurses need to educate people with diabetes to increase their knowledge and skills of insulin pen use and proper storage using various strategies, such as using videos, phone applications, and monitoring their practice regularly. Nurses must also keep abreast of the latest information on insulin treatment modalities and pen storage guidelines. Our questionnaire shows promise for use in practice but needs further testing in different settings with larger groups of individuals with type 2 diabetes.