Storage Equipment Research Articles

Controllable synthesis of MnSe2/Co0.85Se nanosheets as a binder-free electrode for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

With the increasingly serious environmental pollution and depletion of natural resources, it is necessary to develop efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage equipments to alleviate the problem of resource shortage. In this study, a novel MnSe2/Co0.85Se (MCSe) electrode was successfully prepared using a simple, green and environmentally friendly electrodeposition method. The MCSe electrode exhibited good electrochemical performance, and possesses a high specific capacity (Cs) of 1380C/g at a current density (CD) of 1 A/g. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) assembled using a positive electrode (the MCSe electrode) and a negative electrode (active carbon (AC) electrode) delivered a high specific energy density (Es) of 49.63 Wh/kg at a specific power density (Ps) of 750 W/kg. Hence, this study provides a new approach for designing metal selenides for energy storage and conversion.

Capacity configuration optimization for green hydrogen generation driven by solar-wind hybrid power based on comprehensive performance criteria

Green hydrogen generation driven by solar-wind hybrid power is a key strategy for obtaining the low-carbon energy, while by considering the fluctuation natures of solar-wind energy resource, the system capacity configuration of power generation, hydrogen production and essential storage devices need to be comprehensively optimized. In this work, a solar-wind hybrid green hydrogen production system is developed by combining the hydrogen storage equipment with the power grid, the coordinated operation strategy of solar-wind hybrid hydrogen production is proposed, furthermore, the NSGA-III algorithm is used to optimize the system capacity configuration with the comprehensive performance criteria of economy, environment and energy efficiency. Through the implemented case study with the hydrogen production capacity of 20,000 tons/year, the abandoned energy power rate will be reduced to 3.32% with the electrolytic cell average load factor of 64.77%, and the system achieves the remarkable carbon emission reduction. In addition, with the advantage of connect to the power grid, the generated surplus solar/wind power can be readily transmitted with addition income, when the sale price of produced hydrogen is suggested to 27.80 CNY/kgH2, the internal rate of return of the system reaches to 8% which present the reasonable economic potential. The research provides technical and methodological suggestions and guidance for the development of solar-wind hybrid hydrogen production schemes with favorable comprehensive performance.

Multi-energy sharing optimization for a building cluster towards net-zero energy system

With the promotion of net-zero energy buildings, building users gradually face the realistic demand of net-zero energy. Multi-energy sharing is a crucial measure to further improve the scheduling efficiency of building cluster to realize net-zero energy. In this context, a multi-energy sharing optimization model for a building cluster towards a net-zero energy system is proposed. A decentralized energy system framework considering multi-energy sharing is established, which includes a building cluster operator and multiple buildings. The building resources (e.g., energy production, conversion and storage equipment) are also modelled. In addition, a flexible net-zero energy comprehensive index is proposed based on three evaluation indexes (e.g., cost, energy, and emission), which depends on users' demand and application scenarios. Then, the scheduling optimization model of the building cluster is decomposed into the optimization models of building users and the building cluster operator considering the net-zero energy goal. Moreover, the analysis target cascading method is adopted to realize the distributed coordination solution of the optimization models, and an improved Shapley value method is adopted to realize the benefit adjustment of the whole building cluster. Finally, the numerical result shows that the building cluster is closer to a net-zero energy system by multi-energy sharing. The overall economic benefit and the realization degree of net-zero energy are both improved. The influence of multi-energy sharing and net-zero energy indexes on scheduling optimization and benefit distribution are both discussed carefully.

Collaborative capacity planning method of wind-photovoltaic-storage equipment in microgrids considering different energy selling incomes

A microgrid is a promising small-scale power generation and distribution system. The selling prices of wind turbine equipment (WT), photovoltaic generation equipment (PV), and battery energy storage equipment (BES) have a significant impact on microgrid profits, which, in turn, affects the planning capacity of renewable energy. However, existing research has not yet conducted in-depth modeling and analysis for different kinds of energy generation electricity prices. This paper proposes an optimal capacity planning method for wind-photovoltaic-storage equipment, considering different energy selling incomes in microgrids. Stochastic characteristics of renewable energy (WT and PV), selling prices of different types of energy, and timing coupling characteristic are considered in the proposed model. In addition, the configuration capacities of WT, PV, and BES are modeled as discrete decision variables, according to the type of specific equipment. The comprehensive life cycle cost (LCC) is considered an objective function. It can be found that the proposed collaborative capacity planning model is a mathematical programming problem with complex nonlinear constraints and integer variables. To solve this problem, a cultural gray wolf optimization algorithm (CGWO) is applied in this paper. The proposed method’s efficiency, convergence, superiority, and effectiveness are verified through a case study. Moreover, the impact of different new energy sales prices on capacity planning results is also revealed in the article.

Mixed-integer second-order cone programming method for active distribution network

Developing a novel type of power system is an important means of achieving the “dual carbon” goals of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality in the near future. Given that the distribution network has access to a wide range of distributed and flexible resources, reasonably controlling large-scale and adjustable resources is a critical factor influencing the safe and stable operation of the active distribution network (ADN). In light of this, the authors of this study propose a mixed-integer second-order cone programming method for an active distribution network by considering the collaboration between distributed, flexible resources. First, Monte Carlo sampling is used to simulate the charging load of electric vehicles (EVs), and the auto regressive moving average (ARMA) and the scenario reduction algorithms (SRA) based on probability distance are used to generate scenarios of the outputs of distributed generation (DG). Second, we establish an economical, low-carbon model to optimize the operation of the active distribution network to reduce its operating costs and carbon emissions by considering the adjustable characteristics of the distributed and flexible resources, such as on-load tap changer (OLTC), devices for reactive power compensation, and EVs and electric energy storage equipment (EES). Then, the proposed model is transformed into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (SOCP) model with a convex feasible domain by using second-order cone relaxation (SOCR), and is solved by using the CPLEX commercial solver. Finally, we performed an arithmetic analysis on the improved IEEE 33-node power distribution system, the results show that ADN’s day-to-day operating costs were reduced by 47.9% year-on-year, and carbon emissions were reduced by 75.2% year-on-year. The method proposed in this paper has significant effects in reducing the operating cost and carbon emissions of ADNs, as well as reducing the amplitude of ADN node voltages and branch currents.

Distributionally robust optimal scheduling of integrated energy systems including hydrogen fuel cells considering uncertainties

The economic operation of the integrated energy system faces the problems of coupling between energy production and conversion equipment in the system and the imbalance of various energy demands. Therefore, taking system safety as the constraint and minimum economic cost as the objective function, including fuel cost, operation, and maintenance cost, this paper proposes the operation dispatching model of the integrated energy system based on hydrogen fuel cell (HFC), including HFC, photovoltaic, wind turbine, electric boiler, electric chiller, absorption chiller, electric energy storage, and thermal energy storage equipment. On this basis, a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model is introduced to deal with the uncertainty of wind power and photovoltaic output. In the distributionally robust optimization model, Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is used to construct an ambiguity set, which is mainly used to describe the prediction errors of renewable energy output. Finally, the DRO economic dispatching model of the HFC integrated energy system (HFC-IES) is established. Besides, based on the same load scenario, the economic benefits of hybrid energy storage equipment are discussed. The dispatching results show that, compared with the scenario of only electric energy storage and only thermal energy storage, the economic cost of the scenario of hybrid electric and thermal storage can be reduced by 3.92% and 7.55% respectively, and the use of energy supply equipment can be reduced, and the stability of the energy storage equipment can be improved.

Research progress of MOFs/carbon nanocomposites on promoting ORR in microbial fuel cell cathodes.

With the rapid development of the economy, energy demand is more urgent. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have the advantages of non-toxic, safety, and environmental protection, and are considered the ideal choice for the next generation of energy storage equipment. However, the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on MFC air cathodes and the high cost of traditional platinum (Pt) catalysts hinder their practical application, so there is a need to develop efficient, low-cost, and stable electrocatalysts as alternatives. Recently, metal-organic framework (MOFs) has attracted wide attention in electrocatalysis. Electrocatalysts prepared by the nanocomposite of MOFs and carbon nanomaterials have multiple advantages, such as adjustable chemical properties, high specific surface area, and good electrical conductivity, which have been proven to be a promising electrocatalytic material. In this paper, the latest research progress of metal-organic frames (MOFs) and carbon nanocomposites is reviewed, and the preparation methods and modification of MOFs and carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene composites are introduced, respectively, as well as their applications in MFC cathode. Finally, the main prospects of MOFs/carbon nanocomposite catalysts are put forward.

Assessment of Post-Harvest Needs of Small and Medium Scale Gari Processors in Rivers State

Feeding over 7 million Rivers State dwellers requires a radical transformation in postharvest management of agricultural products. Garri, which is a product from cassava is one of the processed food widely consume in the state. However, primitive methods which result to a reasonable loss of the product are widely used in Rivers State. Therefore, in order to minimize or eliminate these losses within the system, the study was conducted to assess the needs of small and medium scale garri processors in Rivers State, Nigeria. Purposive and snow-ball sampling procedures were used to select 120 small and medium scale garri processors in the study area. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from the respondents and analysed using both frequencies, percentages, mean and PPMC statistical tools. The result revealed that r - distribution which represents the Pearson correlation coefficient significant level of the variables is statistically significant at 1% (0.01) between time constraint and perception of garri processors that, improved garri processing equipment is better than primitive tools with r = 0.258**most of the respondents (Above 90%) confirmed that all the listed improved garri processing and storage equipment are highly needed in the study area. The local tools used in the study area for gari processing includes knives (100%) stick presser (81.7%) and Aluminium frying pan (88.3%). All (100%) of the respondents showed favourable attitude towards the needs for improved processing equipment. The constraints to garri processors include lack of fund, health challenges, and lack of improved garri processing equipment, time consumption, small processing capacity and spoilage of cassava with each mean above grand mean (2.6). Therefore, improved post-harvest equipment are highly needed for processing garri in the study area to improve production efficiency and high-income generation for the processors. Government intervention is needed to erect mini garri processing centre in each community.

OPTIMALISASI PENERAPAN REGULASI PERBAIKAN ALAT KESEHATAN DAN STRATEGI PENGADAAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE KONTRAK PAYUNG DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS MANAGEMEN LOGISTIK DI RSUD GAMBIRAN KOTA KEDIRI

The preparation of logistics for services in hospitals is very important because, without adequate logistics in terms of quantity, specification of goods, and accuracy of distribution, it is certain that services will be disrupted. In addition to preparing logistics, the logistics sector is responsible for implementing orderly administration in the logistics, equipment, and household sectors. The logistics sector prepares plans for the needs and procurement of logistics materials, compiles maintenance plans, compiles periodic reports on the condition of materials needed and installation equipment, and makes evaluations and suggestions regarding the use of materials/equipment and equipment (storage, management of materials or equipment and office inventory items) in all units in the hospital. This study aims to identify causes and provide solutions through effective strategies to improve logistics management at Gambiran Hospital, Kediri City. The method used is a fishbone diagram (Fishbone), USG method (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth), and SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat). Based on the study results it was obtained to determine problems related to effective strategies to improve logistics management at Gambiran Hospital, Kediri City. The solutions proposed to overcome these problems are through optimizing regulations and strategies procurement in improving logistics management at Gambiran Hospital, Kediri City, in the form of implementing an MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) with third parties regarding the repair of equipment contained in the medical device maintenance service contract and implementing a logistics procurement strategy using the umbrella contract method.

Research on evaluation of emergency communication vehicle cabin’s internal environment design based on q-rung orthopair fuzzy information

The design of the emergency communication vehicle is centered around the overall layout, which is characterized by the fact that the vehicle chassis is mostly purchased parts and is equipped with an insulated and insulated box, mainly used for instrument operation and equipment placement. The emergency communication vehicle cabin environment includes: cabin seats; seat cover; control cabinet, including operation keyboard, display screen, etc; The ceiling and carpet that make up the interior space of the car; Storage box for storage equipment; tool cabinet; cabin control system facilities; Fire prevention and extinguishing facilities in the cabin; various handrails, coat racks, short ladders, lighting facilities, etc. inside the car. The design of emergency communication vehicle interior environment involves multiple disciplines, and the selection of design schemes requires scientific and reasonable evaluation methods to select reasonable schemes for optimization design. The evaluation of emergency communication vehicle cabin’s internal environment design is classical multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems. In this article, based on bidirectional projection and grey relational projection measure, we shall propose some projection models with q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs). First of all, the definition of q-ROFSs is introduced. Furthermore, some projection models with q-ROFSs are proposed based on the bidirectional projection and grey relational projection model. Based on developed weighted projection models, the MADM model is established and all computing steps are simply depicted. Finally, a numerical example for evaluation of emergency communication vehicle cabin’s internal environment design is given to illustrate this new model and some comparisons are conducted to illustrate advantages of the new built method.

Dynamic Event-Triggered-Based Integral Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Frequency Control of Microgrid With Stochastic Uncertainty

The intermittency of renewable energy and the uncertainty of load put forward higher robustness requirements for the frequency recovery of microgrid (MG). The energy storage equipment provides an idea for frequency control because of its fast response and strong controllability. In this paper, an on-line adaptive frequency control method is proposed to control the governor and energy storage to realize the frequency recovery of MG under stochastic uncertainty. First, the MG system with external disturbances is constructed as a zero-sum differential game model to obtain a robust optimal control scheme. Then, considering the system parameter uncertainty, an improved integral reinforcement learning (IRL) algorithm is designed, in which the reinforcement signal contains a non-quadratic function to solve the energy storage control constraints. Furthermore, a novel dynamic event-triggered control (DETC) is developed to reduce control update times of energy storage. The dynamic variable in DETC coupled with static trigger includes not only the past triggering information but also the disturbances. DETC has a larger trigger threshold than static event-triggered control (SETC). Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm is implemented by an action-critic network structure, in which the action network of energy storage is updated aperiodically. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm can realize the frequency recovery of MG, and it has good robustness compared with other algorithms.

Multipurpose Hall for CBRNe Incidents

"A multipurpose hall designed for CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear) purposes plays a vital role in enhancing preparedness, response, and recovery capabilities in the face of CBRN incidents. A multipurpose hall for CBRN purposes provides a dedicated and specialized environment to support CBRN preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. It enhances coordination, facilitates training and exercises, ensures proper equipment storage, and fosters collaboration, ultimately strengthening the ability to protect personnel, mitigate risks, and minimize the impact of CBRN incidents. This study is qualitative research based on the content analysis method. To design and build multipurpose halls for CBRN events, this study can be used as a checklist. The purpose of this study is to collect important factors and sub-factors in the design, construction, and equipping of buildings and multi-purpose CBRN structures."

Low-Carbon Economic Optimization of Integrated Energy System Considering Refined Utilization of Hydrogen Energy and Generalized Energy Storage

In order to improve the level of new energy consumption in the system and utilize the clean and efficient characteristics of hydrogen energy, an integrated energy system (IES) scheduling model considering refined utilization of hydrogen energy and generalized energy storage is proposed. Firstly, the two-stage hydrogen energy utilization model of power-to-gas (P2G) is finely modeled, and the waste heat of the P2G methanation reaction is innovatively coupled with the Kalina cycle to improve the thermoelectric decoupling capability of the combined heat and power (CHP) unit. Secondly, integrated demand response, electric vehicles, and hydrogen-containing multi-source energy storage equipment are used as generalized energy storage resources to cut peaks and fill valleys. Then, on the basis of considering the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism, the IES conventional operation model is constructed with the minimum operating cost of the system as the objective function. Furthermore, considering the source-load uncertainty of IES operation, a multi-energy complementary optimal scheduling model of hydrogen-containing IES based on conditional value-at-risk was established. Through simulation analysis, it can be seen that the proposed model takes into account both economic and environmental benefits and improves the system’s ability to “peak cutting and valley filling” and measure risk levels.

Hierarchical porous carbons with honeycomb-like macrostructure derived from steamed-rice for high performance supercapacitors

To promote the advancement of electrochemical energy storage systems and meet the demand for rationalization of resource utilization, sustainable biomass porous carbon is being widely explored as a promising material for supercapacitor applications. Here, rice grain was used as a biomass precursor and steamed. After the steaming process, the rice grains formed a fluffy material with a honeycomb-like structure. Not only this structure does contribute to the full infiltration of the activator to upgrade the activation efficiency, but also it helps to impede the tendency of crossing-linking between adjacent nanosheets during the subsequent activation so that thinner and higher-quality 2D carbon flakes could be obtained. Additionally, In the mild-activation route (the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and steamed rice is only 1:1), numerous and tunable micro/mesoporous structures emerged on the basis of a honeycomb-like macrostructure, creating a high specific surface area and an unobstructed pore channel for electrolyte ions. Experimentally, the electrode material from steamed rice at an activation temperature of 850 °C has the optimal micropore/mesopore proportion and achieves the highest specific capacitance (350.2 F/g) at 0.2 A/g in a 6 M KOH electrolyte. Meanwhile, it displays outstanding cycling stability (91.34% retention after 10,000 cycles) and excellent energy density (9.775 Wh/kg at 180 W/kg) when assembled into supercapacitors. This work shows that the “steaming effect” combined with chemical activation is beneficial for pore structure distribution in biomass materials, which contributes to the rapid fabrication of carbon electrodes for electrochemical energy storage equipment.

Performance analysis of an energy system with multiple combined cooling, heating and power systems considering hybrid shared energy storage

The performance of multi-CCHP energy system considering hybrid shared energy storage (HSES), which comprises shared electrical energy storage (SEES) and shared thermal energy storage (STES), was analyzed through bi-level optimization. Firstly, the superiority of the HSES operation mode in terms of capacity reduction and cost savings was investigated. The HSES mode effectively utilizes the complementarity of load demand and the differences in energy consumption behavior of multiple CCHPs, which reduces the capacity of electricity and heat storage equipment by 50.5% and 82.7% and reduces the total cost of the CCHP systems by 17.0%. Subsequently, analyses on the effect of energy storage type shows that the HSES mode increases the revenue while reduces the total cost of the CCHP systems compared with SEES and STES modes. Lastly, the effect of the CCHP number on the economic performance of the energy system is investigated under the conditions of fixed and optimized capacity of energy storage stations. Results show that the optimized capacity scheme is more beneficial for the profitability of the HSES station. Moreover, when multiple CCHP systems are involved in energy sharing, the economics of the shared storage station are closely related to the investment cost of the heating pipe network, which is the special character of electro-thermal coupled energy storage.

BAS-PSO Algorithm for Integrated Energy System Optimization of Multiple Energy Supply Facilities

Regional low carbon will play an important role in the path of achieving the “double carbon” goal, and there are still many key technologies to be broken in its planning research. In this paper, an optimal scheduling model of integrated energy system with multiple energy supply devices is established by using Beetle Antennae Search-Particle Swarm Optimization (BAS-PSO) algorithm. First, in the scheduling model, a carbon trading mechanism is introduced and a stepped carbon trading cost model is constructed to constrain the carbon emissions of the plant. Then, using drosophila algorithm, the premise of whether wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation need to be built is determined by judging the economics of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation in the construction area, and then the target power consumption curve and new energy power supply output curve are fitted. Then use the life cycle analysis method to analyze the carbon emissions generated by electric energy storage equipment, consider the carbon trading mechanism in the system economic operation model, and solve the model by BAS-PSO algorithm to overcome the problems of local optimum and slow convergence speed. Finally, a typical park integrated energy system is simulated to analyze the economic operation conditions and energy efficiency level of the system before and after participation in demand response. The innovation of this paper lies in considering the carbon trading mechanism and solving with the optimized BAS-PSO algorithm. Considering carbon trading can effectively improve the system wind power consumption capacity, and the optimized BAS-PSO algorithm improves the defects of traditional PSO. The simulation analysis results show that the established optimal scheduling model with multiple energy supply devices can realize the optimal operation of the integrated energy system of the park in the demand response environment; the improved BAS-PSO finds the lowest energy consumption within 100 iterations in 21 out of 50 iterations; the improved BAS-PSO algorithm reduces the energy consumption by 27.1 kW on average.

The information system concept for thermal monitoring of a spent nuclear fuel storage container

The paper notes that the most common way of handling spent nuclear fuel (SNF) of power reactors is its temporary long-term dry storage. At the same time, the operation of the dry spent fuel storage facilities almost never use the modern capabilities of information systems in safety control and collecting information for the next studies under implementation of aging management programs. The author proposes a structure of an information system that can be implemented in a dry spent fuel storage facility with ventilated storage containers. To control the thermal component of spent fuel storage safety, a database structure has been developed, which contains 5 tables. An algorithm for monitoring the thermal state of spent fuel was created for the proposed information system, which is based on the comparison of measured and forecast values of the safety criterion, in which the level of heating the ventilation air temperature was chosen. Predictive values of the safety criterion are obtained on the basis of previously published studies. The proposed algorithm is an implementation of the information function of the system. The proposed information system can be used for effective thermal monitoring and collecting information for the next studies under the implementation of aging management programs for spent fuel storage equipment, permanent control of spent fuel storage safety, staff training, etc.

Establishment of Parameters of Electric Pulse Equipment Storage Device for Exhaust Gas Purification

. The physics of the process of electric pulse purification of exhaust gas is outlined. The article analyzes the mode of operation of the electropulse equipment of the storage device, designed to clean the exhaust gases of the car. The scheme and a description of the laboratory bench operation are given. On the basis of the analysis of the experimental results the conditions of corona discharge occurrence at the experimental stand are established. The data confirming the best cleaning efficiency when corona discharge occurs in comparison with pulse and arc discharges are given. The dependences of the luminosity of the cleaned gas, on the pulse exposure time, pulse frequency and the distance between the electrodes are obtained. The results of calculating the cleaning efficiency for 1 minute of ionization exposure at different modes of operation of the equipment are given

Short- and long-duration cooperative energy storage system: Optimizing sizing and comparing rule-based strategies

Reasonable configuration of energy storage equipment could solve the mismatch problem between load demand and renewable power output. The energy storage devices could be classified into short-duration and long-duration storage according to the operation timescale. Short- and long-duration cooperative energy storage is a promising trend because of its complementary advantages. This work focuses on the systems of photovoltaics and wind farms combined with energy storage components, such as batteries, thermal energy storage (TES), and hydrogen energy storage (HS). The optimal design parameters are obtained by multi-objective optimization with the objective of levelized cost of energy and loss of power supply probability. The techno-economic performance of different short- and long-term cooperative energy storage systems are compared. The influence of rule-based strategies on the system performance is investigated. Results indicate that the system with batteries and TES has great competitiveness from an economic perspective, and the system with batteries and HS has a lower potential energy waste probability when the power-supply reliability is extremely high. The recommended discharging priority of the system with batteries and TES is TES first and then batteries, which could completely achieve power supply reliability.

Optimizing Energy Management and Case Study of Multi-Energy Coupled Supply for Green Ships

The ship industry is currently facing numerous challenges, including rising fuel prices, limited fuel resources, and increasingly strict regulations related to energy efficiency and pollutant emissions. In this context, the adoption of green-ship wind–photovoltaic–electricity–fuel multi-energy supply systems has emerged as an efficient and clean technology that harnesses multiple energy sources. These systems have the potential to increase the utilization of renewable energy in ship operations while optimizing management practices in order to enhance overall energy efficiency. To address these challenges, this article presents a comprehensive energy supply system for ships that integrates multi-energy sources for cold–heat–electricity supply. The primary components of this system include fuel cells, photovoltaic equipment, wind turbines, electric heating pumps, electric refrigerators, thermal refrigerators, batteries, and heat storage tanks. By ensuring the safety of the system, our approach aims to minimize daily operating costs and optimize the performance of the multi-energy flow system by running scheduling models. To achieve this, our proposed system utilizes dynamic planning techniques combined with ship navigation conditions to establish an optimized management model. This model facilitates the coordinated distribution of green ship electricity, thermal energy, and cooling loads. The results of our study demonstrate that optimized management models significantly reduce economic costs and improve the stability of energy storage equipment. Specifically, through an analysis of the economic benefits of power storage and heat storage tanks, we highlight the potential for reducing fuel consumption by 6.0%, 1.5%, 1.4%, and 2.9% through the use of electric–thermal hybrid energy storage conditions.