STM32 Processor Research Articles

Design of multi-component gas measurement system based on STM32

Abstract To detect the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the environment in a timely and effective manner, this article designs a multi-component gas measurement system based on the STM32 processor, which can effectively detect three toxic and harmful gases (CO, NO2, and SO2), a gas detection terminal for the concentration of two greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) and an inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5), and a handheld display terminal that can display the measured gas concentration in real-time. A practical application circuit for electrochemical sensors has been designed, simplifying the design of driving amplification circuits. Finally, the feasibility of the system was verified through automobile exhaust experiments.

Design and implementation of intelligent anti-hail net system based on STM32

This research is dedicated to designing an intelligent anti-hail net system using STM32 microcontroller. The system integrates sensing technology and communication modules to monitor various environmental parameters in real time, analyzes the data through the STM32 processor, and realizes real-time intelligent control of the anti-hail network. The system design focuses on the collaboration of hardware and software, taking full advantage of the high performance and low power consumption of the STM32 microcontroller. Through actual tests, the feasibility of the system in improving hail prevention effect, real-time performance and automation was verified, providing reliable guarantee for agricultural production. This research provides a useful reference for the application and promotion of smart agricultural technology.

Design of Control System for Cultural Relics Testing Room Based on STM32

This paper designs a control system for a cultural relic test chamber based on STM32. The system uses the STM32 processor as the underlying main control of oxygen concentration and humidity and uses an industrial all-in-one machine as the bridge to exchange the information between the cloud server and the bottom master controller. The oxygen concentration, humidity and temperature data of the test chamber can be stored on the server in real-time, and the alarm messages are sent through the cloud SMS platform. The results reveal that the oxygen concentration in the test chamber could be adjusted continuously between 0.6% ~ 10% VOL and the relative humidity could be adjusted continuously within 45% ~ 55% RH, and it can keep stable near the set value. The system can meet the requirements of oxygen concentration and humidity for most cultural relics preservation and can also provide a settable constant oxygen concentration and humidity environment for the related research of anoxic treatment and modified atmosphere technology.

Real-Time and Cost-Effective Smart Mat System Based on Frequency Channel Selection for Sleep Posture Recognition in IoMT

Sleep posture, which affects the quality of sleep and could lead to medical conditions, such as pressure ulcers, is a key metric for sleep analysis in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). In this article, a real-time and low-cost smart mat system for sleep posture recognition based on frequency channel selection is proposed. The system can recognize postures unobtrusively with a dense flexible sensor array. In addition, to enable real-time recognition with a relatively low-cost STM32 processor system, a lightweight algorithm that includes frequency channel selection, model pretraining, and real-time classification is proposed. Through a series of short-term and overnight experiments with 21 subjects, the feasibility and reliability of the proposed system were evaluated. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the short-term experiment is up to 95.43% and of the overnight experiment is up to 86.80% for four posture categories (supine, prone, right, and left) classification. The model size is just 56 kB which is much smaller than other methods. The runtime of the complete algorithm is about 6 ms with a low-power STM32 embedded system, which shows the system’s ability to provide real-time posture recognition. As an edge device, the proposed system could lead to the development of fast, convenient, and low-cost sleep posture recognition products for IoMT.

Implementation of authenticated encryption with associated data grain-128aead algorithm on stm32f400 processor family

An embedded device is becoming popular in daily life thanks to their low power consumption and multiprocessing capability. In particular, the security of embedded devices has been a big issue of concern to academic and industrial communities. This study aims at the Grain 128-AEAD authenticated encryption with associated data algorithm embedded on low-power and resource-constrained devices. This stream cipher belongs to the Grain family developed from the Grain-128a algorithm, and it has the advantage of not only providing security, but also adding authenticity to the associated data to ensure the authenticity, integrity and confidentiality of the data. It is also considered suitable for IoT (Internet of Thing) platforms and embedded device applications with limited resources and low power consumption. In this study, the algorithm was implemented on STM32 processor family. The resulting code size is only 832 bytes, and the total execution time for a 128-byte input block of Grain-128AEAD algorithm (Encryption and Decryption) takes 30 µs, which is better than previous implementations on various hardware platforms. The compiled file size is only 54kB, which makes the algorithm fit embedded applications.

Using a Development Platform with an STM32 Processor to Prototype an Inexpensive 4-DoF Delta Parallel Robot.

This article presents a construction prototype of a delta 4-DoF (Degree of Freedom) parallel robot. The structure of kinematic chain was described and the problem of inverse kinematic was formulated and solved. The author also proposed a concept of a control system. The dynamics of the control object were specified, a decision upon the controller and its settings was made, as well as simulation control studies of manipulator drive were conducted. The article contains a description of prepared applications and procedures as well as the research results of the manipulator.

Non-intrusive flowrate measurement and monitoring system of plant-protection unmanned aircraft systems based on pump voice analysis

Application of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for plant protection is becoming a common tool in agricultural field management. To avoid shortcomings of intrusive flowrate sensors including poor measurement accuracy and poor anti-vibration ability, a non-intrusive flowrate measurement and monitoring system of plant-protection UAS was developed based on pump voice signal analysis. It is mainly composed of STM32 processor, microphone and signal-conditioning circuit. By collecting and analyzing the voice signal of the pump in the UAS, the monitoring system will output the real-time values of spraying flowrate and amount. An extraction model was developed to determine operation status and primary frequency of the pump based on voice signal analysis. Real-time spray flowrate can be determined from the real-time extracted primary frequency and the fitted correlation formulas of spraying flowrate under outlet area and pump primary frequency. The flowrate correlation equation of one certain pump from 4-rotor UAS 3WQFTX-1011S was obtained, the max deviation rate of fitted spray flowrate was only 2.8%. In primary frequency extraction test, the error rate of primary frequency extraction was less than 1%. In the 4-rotor UAS flight tests: the max deviation of operating starting/end point was only 0.7 s and the max deviation of extracted total operating time was only 0.8 s; the deviation of extracted spray flowrate was less than 2%, and the max deviation rate of total spray amount was 3.2%. This research could be used as a guidance for plant-protection UAS non-intrusive flowrate measurement and monitoring. Keywords: plant protection UAS, voice signal analysis, non-intrusive, flowrate measurement, monitoring system DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211403.5508 Citation: Xu Y, Xue X Y, Sun Zh, Gu W. Non-intrusive flowrate measurement and monitoring system of plant-protection unmanned aircraft systems based on pump voice analysis. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(3): 58–65.

Design of AC Voltage Tester Based on STM32

This design is a tester designed to accurately measure AC voltage signals. This design uses stm32 as the core processor, uses a voltage transformer to step down the original signal, and combines the MCP6292 operational amplifier to cleverly design a signal conditioning circuit so that the input voltage can meet the voltage measurement range of STM32. The analog signal is sampled at equal time intervals by the successive integration algorithm to obtain its effective value. Then through the built-in AD conversion module on the stm32 processor chip, the signal is converted to analog to digital. Finally, the converted value can be displayed on the screen through the LCD, and the measured data can be displayed on the upper computer terminal at the same time. Through the observation of the measured data, it can be found that the design can accurately measure the AC voltage. Compared with the traditional measurement method, the design can improve the measurement accuracy and improve the stability and power consumption.

Fire Monitoring System for Power Batteries on Ship

In recent years, due to the influence of policies such as environmental protection and reduction of harmful gas emissions, clean energy such as lithium batteries, hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, and waste heat power generation technologies are being applied on ships. As the application level of new energy continues to expand, its safety issues have attracted more and more attention from society. The system collects the air pressure, temperature, humidity, flame heat radiation, and smoke information inside the ship’s power battery box, and uses the STM32 processor to determine whether the ship’s power battery has a fire hazard. This system can effectively avoid the thermal runaway of the power battery, detect the thermal runaway at an early stage and actively respond to reduce losses, and protect the life and property safety of passengers on board.

Online Monitoring Technology of Power Transformer based on Vibration Analysis

Abstract This paper presents a method for the study of the influence of stability of a power transformer on the power system based on the vibration principle. Traditionally, the EMD and EEMD algorithms are employed to test the box vibration signal data of the power transformer under three working conditions. The proposed method utilizes a partial EMD screening along with MPEEMD method for the online monitoring of power transformer. A complete online monitoring system is designed by using the STM32 processor and LabVIEW system. The proposed system is compared with EMD and EEMD algorithms in terms of the number of IMFs obtained by decomposition, maximum correlation coefficient, and mean square error. The inherent mode correlation, when compared with the mean square error of the reconstructed signal, shows that the reconstruction error of MPEEMD algorithm is 4.762×10−15 which is better than the traditional EMD algorithm. It is observed from the results that the proposed method outperforms both EMD and EEMD algorithms.

Non-intrusive flowrate measurement and monitoring system of plant-protection unmanned aircraft systems based on pump voice analysis

Application of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for plant protection is becoming a common tool in agricultural field management. To avoid shortcomings of intrusive flowrate sensors including poor measurement accuracy and poor anti-vibration ability, a non-intrusive flowrate measurement and monitoring system of plant-protection UAS was developed based on pump voice signal analysis. It is mainly composed of STM32 processor, microphone and signal-conditioning circuit. By collecting and analyzing the voice signal of the pump in the UAS, the monitoring system will output the real-time values of spraying flowrate and amount. An extraction model was developed to determine operation status and primary frequency of the pump based on voice signal analysis. Real-time spray flowrate can be determined from the real-time extracted primary frequency and the fitted correlation formulas of spraying flowrate under outlet area and pump primary frequency. The flowrate correlation equation of one certain pump from 4-rotor UAS 3WQFTX-1011S was obtained, the max deviation rate of fitted spray flowrate was only 2.8%. In primary frequency extraction test, the error rate of primary frequency extraction was less than 1%. In the 4-rotor UAS flight tests: the max deviation of operating starting/end point was only 0.7 s and the max deviation of extracted total operating time was only 0.8 s; the deviation of extracted spray flowrate was less than 2%, and the max deviation rate of total spray amount was 3.2%. This research could be used as a guidance for plant-protection UAS non-intrusive flowrate measurement and monitoring. Keywords: plant protection UAS, voice signal analysis, non-intrusive, flowrate measurement, monitoring system DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211403.5508 Citation: Xu Y, Xue X Y, Sun Zh, Gu W. Non-intrusive flowrate measurement and monitoring system of plant-protection unmanned aircraft systems based on pump voice analysis. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(3): 58–65.

A General Embedded Underwater Acoustic Communication System Based on Advance STM32

Underwater acoustic communication (UAC) modem is an important infrastructure of underwater network construction. In recent years, with the performance improvement of the STM32 processor, the realization of reliable UAC through high-performance STM32 processor is conducive to reduce the system power consumption, cheapen the hardware cost, and ease the development difficulty. In this letter, we propose an embedded UAC system with the STM32H743 processor as the core and the peripheral sending/receiving circuit as the signal conditioning circuit module. The system can support a variety of modulation and demodulation methods, including single/multi-carrier frequency-shift keying and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Furthermore, in order to reduce the computational cost of the system, a fast and robust frame synchronization algorithm based on the segmented fast Fourier transform is applied. The sea trials show that the system can realize the reliable UAC transmission of 100 b/s-1 kb/s in the distance of 5-8 km in the shallow water area.

Design of a New Type of Optical Fiber Infrasound Sensor and Its Usage in Karst Geological Exploration

In this study, the demand of optical fiber (OF) sonic sensor is analyzed, and a composite OF infrasound sensor is proposed aiming at the detection demand of low-frequency infrasound waves in specific occasions. With this sensor, the polymer thin film and the aluminum soil can be combined to form a kind of composite film, the ECF/P interferometer can be formed between the end faces of the ferrule of the OF FC contact, the sensor head of the OF ECF/P infrasound sensor system is fabricated and then packaged. The designed OF infrasound sensor is used in the construction of a wireless sensor network (WSN) for karst geological exploration. The structure of the WSN includes the SimpliciTI communication network protocol, ADF7021 RF transceiver chip, STM32 processor chip, etc. New types of environment from karst can be sampled with this WSN. During the test, the performance of the composite OF infrasound sensor is analyzed at the beginning. The acoustic sensitivity of up to –136.73 dB re 1 V/μPa can be obtained in the low frequency infrasound range (1–20 Hz); the WSN based on the composite OF infrasound sensor has lower power consumption and faster networking speed. In addition, it can realize signal cover in karst areas without public mobile cellular networks, and send the information collected by the sensor to the data center, thus proving the fiber optic sound wave sensor designed in this study is successful and helpful for the geological prospectors to monitor the environment.

Renovation of Automation System Based on Industrial Internet of Things: A Case Study of a Sewage Treatment Plant.

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is of great significance to the improvement of industrial efficiency and quality, and to reduce industrial costs and resources. However, there are few openly-reported practical project applications based on the IIoT up to now. For legacy automation devices in traditional industry, it is especially challenging to realize the upgrading of industrial automation adopting the IIoT technology with less investment. Based on the practical engineering experience, this paper introduces the automation renovation of a sewage treatment plant. The legacy automation devices are upgraded by the central controller of a STM32 processor (Produced by STMicroelectronics company, located in Geneva, Switzerland), and the WeChatApplet (Developed by Tencent company, located in Shenzhen, China) is used as the extended host computer. A set of remote monitoring and control systems of sewage treatment based on the IIoT is built to realize the wide-area monitoring and control of sewage treatment. The paper describes the field hardware system, wide-area monitoring and control application program, management cloud platform and security technologies in detail. The actual operation results show that the monitoring system has the requirements of high accuracy, good real-time performance, reliable operation and low cost.

Study on Dust Measurement Technology by Oscillating Balance Method

By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various dust measurement methods, the oscillating balance method is chosen to measure dust. According to the measuring principle of the oscillating balance method, a particle weighing device based on the oscillating balance method is developed. The device avoids the interference of temperature, humidity and mutual inductance to the magneto-electric speed sensor, improves the amplitude of the magneto-electric speed sensor to receive the oscillation signal, and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the system as much as possible. According to the phase-frequency characteristics of the oscillating system, an overall structure of the system is designed. The system consists of a drive module, harmonic oscillator, measurement module, and phase-locked loop automatic phase modulation circuit and frequency measurement module. These five modules constitute a system that can automatically adjust the natural frequency. And the list confirms the accuracy of the frequency that is measured by FPGA and STM32 processor. The dust mass is calculated according to the formula. Finally, the reliability of the device is confirmed by a parallel comparison with the internationally recognized filter membrane weighing method. The reliability of the device is confirmed.

Design of Electric Quantity Detection System Based On Iot

With the development of social economy, the electricity consumption of residents is increasing year by year. And the problem of electricity safety is still becoming more and more prominent. Especially in college dormitories, due to regulatory loopholes and students use prohibited electrical appliances and other reasons. There is a frequent occurrence of fire in the dormitory. This not only causes certain property losses to students, but also threatens the safety of students. If we can carry out the real-time network monitoring of the dormitory electricity consumption, we can cut off the power in the home in the early stage of the accident. To avoid a similar incident to a certain extent, this project aims at designing a student dormitory electricity monitoring system for this safety problem. By using the STM32 processor and the ESP8266 network communication module, the real-time monitoring of the electricity consumption in the dormitory is completed, so that the school supervision department and the students can grasp the electricity consumption of the dormitory in real time. The automatic alarm can be realized over the electricity limit.

SambotII: A New Self-Assembly Modular Robot Platform Based on Sambot

A new self-assembly modular robot (SMR) SambotII is developed based on SambotI, which is a previously-built hybird type SMR that is capable of autonomous movement and self-assembly. As is known, SambotI only has limited abilities of environmental perception and target recognition, because its STM-32 processor cannot handle heavy work, like image processing and path planning. To improve the computing ability, an x86 dual-core CPU is applied and a hierarchical software architecture with five layers is designed. In addition, to enhance its perception abilities, a laser-camera unit and a LED-camera unit are employed to obtain the distance and angle information, respectively, and the color-changeable LED lights are used to identify different passive docking surfaces during the docking process. Finally, the performances of SambotII are verified by docking experiments.

Design and Implementation of Data Acquisition System for Agricultural Meteorological IOT

A data acquisition system for agricultural meteorological IOT based on STM32 processor is proposed in this paper, including power supply module, sensor data acquisition module, GPS positioning module, GPRS module, external FLASH memory and LCD screen. Experiments and demonstrations were conducted in 56 cities and counties of Anhui Province. The results showed that the monitoring stations and software platforms were operating stably; the collected data were complete and no packet loss were found; the trend of data changing was consistent with the local agro-meteorological information, and it has a small deviation to the test results that using laboratory-standard instruments. The system can accurately monitor the agricultural meteorological conditions at the agricultural production site.

Development and Experiment of an Automatic Measurement Device for Water Coupling by Image Processing

This paper describes an automatic measurement device for water coupling, which can drive the water coupling doing automatic reciprocating motion and measuring the product indicator of air input by the result of image processing. The control software is developed by using STM32 processor, which deals with the reciprocating motion control and data acquisition. The correctness of working principle is verified through a series of experiments of automatic motion, and the product indicator is calculated based on image analysis theory. It can not only analyze and study the practical application for the products of water coupling, but also provide a new approach for automatic experiment and measurement in unmanned operation.

STM32 프로세서를 이용한 고속 데이터 수집 및 융합 시스템 설계

In this paper, we describe the design of a high speed data acquisition system(DAS) with STM32 processor based on Cortex-M4. The system is used for the sensor devices to collect raw data on production lines at factory and send them to the servo computer in real time. The system is designed for multi functions with universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter(UART), analog to digital converter(ADC), digital to analog converter(DAC), and general purpose input output(GPIO). those are well tested for various data acquisition and high speed motor control in real time.