Stemphylium Research Articles

PATHOGENICITY OF MICROMYCETES STRAINS ISOLATED FROM THE SOIL AND LEGUMINOUS PLANT

The leguminous crops grown on a natural infectious background in small-plot experiments at the Botanical Garden of the National Research University “BelSU” (Belgorod, Russia). The strains from rhizosphere and filloplanes of leguminous crops were identified by the method of water washes. The pathogenic properties of the isolated strains were determined by the bioassay method on seeds. The study of pathogenicity micromytcetes strains revealed that Alternaria alternata, Cunninghamella echinulata, Trichoderma lignorum had a stimulating effect on seed germination and the development of test plants of legumes, while Aspergillus niger and Bipolaris australiensis had an inhibitory effect. The species Alternaria infectoria, Fusarium heterosporum, Stemphylium solani, Ulocladium botrytis possessed a non-pathogenic property to perennial legume grasses, and in one degree or another caused inhibition of the development of annual legumes.

Source of resistant against Fusarium wilt and Stemphylium blight in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)

The crop yield of lentil is below attainable levels which are mainly attributed to pathological factors especially lentil wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis and Stemphylium blight caused by Stemphylium botryosum .Fusarium wilt is a potential threat to letil production not only in Nepal but worldwide that can cause complete crop failure. While stemphylium blight is recently being serious problem to Bangladesh, Nepal and India. In Nepal, multiple disease resistance work was not reported in lentil before the present study. Two trials separately using 185 genotypes were conducted to study the wilt and stem phylium blight were conducted. For wilt screening one hundred eighty five lentil lines including resistant check ILL7164 and susceptible check sindur, were sown in a previously developed wilt sick bed, while for stem phylium blight serarate trial was conducted in the research area of Regional Agricultural Research Station Nepalgunj using augmented design. Natural inoculums were also relied upon. Disease severity data were recorded. Results revealed that incase of Fusarium wilt sixteen genotypes were found resistant and twenty-three moderately resistant while in case of Stemphylium blight 87 resistant and 36 moderately resistant in field condition. It also indicated that 9 genotypes i.e RL-13,RL-21,ILL6468,ILL9996,\ILL6024,ILL6811,ILL7164,Arun,Maheswar bharti showed combined resistant to both the diseases.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 102-107

FUSARIUM PROLIFERATUM, THE MAIN CAUSE OF CLOVE ROT DURING STORAGE, REDUCES CLOVE GERMINATION AND CAUSES WILT OF ESTABLISHED GARLIC PLANTS

Eight fungal species belonging to six genera, i.e. Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus ochraceus , Botrytis alli , Fusarium oxysporum , Fusarium proliferatum , Penicillium purpurogenum , Rhizopus stolonifer and Stemphylium botryosum , were isolated from decayed garlic cloves. F. proliferatum had the highest frequency of occurrence and was found to be highly pathogenic to garlic cloves. The other fungal species were less frequent and aggressive. Garlic bulbs (cvs Balady and Sides 40) were stored at room temperature and at 5°C for six months after harvest. It was observed that clove rot and its severity increased with time in both cultivars and storage conditions. Rot incidence and severity were highest in cv. Balady at room temperature. In pot experiments, inoculation of garlic cloves with F. proliferatum before planting affected the percentage of plant emergence and severe wilt symptoms developed gradually on the surviving plants. Isolation from selected seedlings showing wilt symptoms yielded the same F. proliferatum that had been used for inoculation. The optimum temperature for F. proliferatum growth was 25°C, maintained for nine days. In in vitro assays Carbendazim had a strong inhibition effect of fungal growth followed by Metalaxyl 8%+Mancozeb 64% and thiophanate-methyl. The bioagents Trichoderma harzianum , T. viride , T. koningii , T. virens and T. album inhibited F. proliferatum growth.

Assemblages of endophytic fungi on Salicornia europaea disjunctively distributed in Japan: towards clarification of the ubiquity of fungal endophytes on halophytes and their ecological roles.

We studied assemblages of endophytic fungi on the halophilic plant Salicornia europaea in Japan. This plant is disjunctively distributed in the eastern Hokkaido and the Seto Inland Sea (Setouchi) regions. Various dematiaceous fungi that form dark spores and/or mycelia (and the related ascigerous stages) were common in S. europaea . Among them, Pleospora sp. (anamorph: Stemphylium ) and Alternaria alternata were the major endophytes found in the plant, followed by Alternaria phragmospora and Cladosporium cladosporioides . Fungal assemblages from Hokkaido were similar among years, as were assemblages collected in completely segregated regions in Japan, Hokkaido and Setouchi. While such dematiaceous fungi are generally known to be epiphytes living on the surface of terrestrial vascular plants, they may ubiquitously inhabit halophytes such as Salicornia .

Allergen of the Month—Stemphylium

Allergen of the Month—Stemphylium

FIRST REPORT OF PURPLE SPOT DISEASE OF ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS IN TURKEY

In the course of a survey to determine the fungal pathogens of asparagus in Balikesir province (north-western Turkey) brown sunken lesions with dark purple margins were observed on the spears. Pseudothecia and ascospores were looked for in overwin- tering plant debris. Diseased tissues were surface-sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min and placed on potato dextrose agar medium. The isolated fungus was identified as Stemphylium vesicarium based on morphological traits (Ellis, 1971), i.e. brown, oblong to broadly ellipsoidal and verruculose conidia (20 to 45×15 to 22 μm), with cross and longitudinal septa; pale to light brown conidiophores with a dark smooth or minutely verrucu- lose band; bitunicate and clavate asci (190 to 150×25 to 33 μm); light brown and ellipsoidal ascospores (35 to 45×15 to 22 μm). The identification was confirmed comparing the sequence of a 544 bp product (accession No. JX397964) amplified from the ITS region of the fungus under study by PCR using the primers ITS1/4 (White et al., 1990) with that of a comparable region of S. vesicarium rDNA present in GenBank. Asparagus seedlings (45- day-old) were sprayed with a suspension of 5×104 conidia/ml, then covered with polyethylene bags for 48 h and kept for 21 days at 22±1°C and a 14 h photoperiod. Symptoms comparable to those seen in the field were obtained and the fungus was con- sistently re-isolated from the lesions. S. vesicarium (telemorph, Pleospora herbarum), is an asparagus pathogen first recorded in the USA (Lacy, 1982). To our knowledge, this is the first report of asparagus purple spot disease in Turkey.

In vitro evaluation of plant extracts, bio-agents and fungicides against Purple blotch and Stemphylium blight of onion

Eight plant extracts, bio agents and fungicides were evaluated in in vitro conditions against purple blotch and Stemphylium blight of onion caused by Alternaria porri and Stemphylium vesicarium. Among the plant extracts, clove extracts of Allium sativum at 10% resulted in maximum inhibition of growth (58.05 and 57.31%) of A. porri and S. vesicarium,respectively followed by Aloe vera at 10% (53.5 and 47.15%). Among the bioagents,Trichoderma viride was effective in inhibition of growth (53.17 and 56.15%). Out of eight fungicides evaluated, Mancozeb at 0.2% completely inhibited the growth of both the pathogens. Azoxystrobin (0.1%), propiconazole (0.1%) and antracal (0.2%) were the other effective fungicides. Key words: Onion, Allium cepa, Alternaria porri, Stemphylium vesicarium, management.

Three new species of <I>Stemphylium</I> from Sinkiang, China

Three new species of <I>Stemphylium</I> from Sinkiang, China

Two new species of <I>Stemphylium</I> from Sinkiang, China

Two new species of <I>Stemphylium</I> from Sinkiang, China

Postburning legume seeding in the Flooding Pampas, Argentina

In Argentina, Paspalum quadrifarium Lam. (paja colorada) forms tall dense grassland communities in the flooding pampas. Referred to locally as “pajonales”, these grasslands generally have very low nutritional value for cattle, except at the post-burn regrowth stage. To improve forage quality and consumption by breeding cattle, Lotus tenuis Walst et Kit. is over seeded immediately after burning of paja colorada pajonales. The objectives of this experiment were to follow the after seeding cover of lotus, evaluate weed control, and assess disease incidence and severity.The experiment was carried out in Azul, Buenos Aires provinceof Argentina, between September 1993 to September 1996. The postburn seedbed was very favorable for lotus germination and establishment. The most effective chemical weed control was obtained with 2,4-DB used alone or in combination with dicamba. Lotus increased markedly the quality of the pasture forage due to its high crude protein content. Four fungus diseases were found: Botrytis cinerea Pers., Stem phylium sp. Wallroth, Uromyces loti Blytt. and Fusarium spp. Link ex Fr. However, these caused only light foliar damage and did not impair lotus germination or establishment. The overseeding of lotus after burning of P. quadrifarium pajonales, is a very effective technique to improve carrying capacity and animal performance.

Isolation and conformation of (2Z,4E)-(+)-4'-hydroxy-.GAMMA.-ionylideneacetic acid as a germination-suppressive substance from Stemphylium sp.

Isolation and conformation of (2Z,4E)-(+)-4'-hydroxy-.GAMMA.-ionylideneacetic acid as a germination-suppressive substance from Stemphylium sp.

Pathogenicity of Different Isolates of Stemphylium botryosum on Alfalfa Differentials

Pathogenicity of Different Isolates of Stemphylium botryosum on Alfalfa Differentials

Conversion of Phaseollin to Phaseollinisoflavan by Stemphylium botryosum

Conversion of Phaseollin to Phaseollinisoflavan by Stemphylium botryosum

The Lipid Composition of a Species of Alternaria of the “Alternaria Alternata Group”

(1973). The Lipid Composition of a Species of Alternaria of the “Alternaria Alternata Group”. Mycologia: Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 958-963.

A new dialkylresorcinol from Stemphylium majusculum

A new dialkylresorcinol from Stemphylium majusculum

A Black, Readily Sporulating Mutant of Stemphylium solani

A Black, Readily Sporulating Mutant of Stemphylium solani

Effects of Temperature on Conidium Characteristics of Ulocladium chartarum and Stemphylium floridanum

(1970). Effects of Temperature on Conidium Characteristics of Ulocladium Chartarum and Stemphylium Floridanum. Mycologia: Vol. 62, No. 5, pp. 1071-1076.

Typification of Alternaria, Stemphylium, And Ulocladium

(1967). Typification of Alternaria, Stemphylium, And Ulocladium. Mycologia: Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 67-92.

Typification of Alternaria, Stemphylium, and Ulocladium

Typification of Alternaria, Stemphylium, and Ulocladium

A Stemphylium Saltant of an Alternaria

A Stemphylium Saltant of an Alternaria