Steel Pipe Sheet Pile Research Articles

Surface Ground Movement Around a Steel Pipe Pile Foundation During Liquefaction Measured by Effective Stress Analysis

Several studies on liquefaction using physical model tests and numerical analysis have been conducted in recent years; however, few studies have investigated the effect of liquefaction-induced settlement on structures. Especially, this settlement seriously influences on gravity foundation during earthquake. This study aims to investigate the settlement of the surrounding ground of steel pipe sheet pile (SPSP) foundation during liquefaction by using an effective stress analysis. 2D numerical modeling was used in this study and the behavior of undrained soil was idealized using a cocktail glass model. The numerical results were compared with experimental results from a 1-G shaking table test with a scale of 1:60. The results indicate that the settlement of surface ground and SPSP foundation rapidly increase when the liquefaction occurs and is significantly influenced by permeability coefficient of ground.

Contaminant Transport Characteristics through Double Vertical Hydraulic Barrier at Offshore Containment Facility Considering Tidal Change

Vertical hydraulic barrier is essential component to prevent leachate leakage in offshore containment facilities. Double steel pipe sheet pile is one of effectively used as vertical hydraulic barrier in Japanese offshore waste landfill sites. In this study, two-dimensional finite element analysis was performed to evaluate contaminant transport characteristics considering advection-dispersion-diffusion through double steel pipe sheet pile according to tidal fluctuation and different water level in landfill by using SEEP/W and CTRAN/W. Numerical analysis results indicate that water level in landfill should be maintain similar or lower compared with sea water level to prevent the leakage from landfill to sea. In addition, double steel pipe sheet pile was effective to prevent contaminant leakage to outside sea since filling zone between two barrier act as buffer zone for spreading contaminant.

Efforts to Improve Durability and Productivity of Bridge Pier in the Foundation of a Large-scale Steel Pipe Sheet Pile Located on the Sea

Efforts to Improve Durability and Productivity of Bridge Pier in the Foundation of a Large-scale Steel Pipe Sheet Pile Located on the Sea

Design approach to a method for reinforcing existing caisson foundations using steel pipe sheet piles

This paper proposes a steel pipe sheet pile (SPSP) reinforcement method for existing caisson foundations in water. The technique involves driving SPSPs around the caisson foundation and connecting them to it with reinforcing footing. To support the rational design of reinforcements using this method, the following factors influencing the technique׳s effectiveness and related mechanical behavior should be considered: (1) the conditions of the caisson/SPSP reinforcement footing connection; (2) the caisson/SPSP flexural rigidity ratio; (3) the distance between the caisson and the SPSP wall; and (4) the pile length. However, as the influence of these factors on the reinforcement effect and mechanical behavior has not yet been clarified, the current method has no standardization for the concept of the load transfer mechanism in reinforced foundation systems, and the ultimate lateral bearing capacity of existing caissons has been largely ignored in previous construction. This paper describes centrifuge model tests and three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element total stress analysis conducted in relation to real cases in order to identify a more effective and rational reinforcement structure. The static lateral bearing capacity and seismic performance of reinforced foundations were investigated, and the following factors were considered: (1) the conditions of the caisson/SPSP reinforcement footing connection; (2) the caisson/SPSP flexural rigidity ratio; and (3) the pile length. Finally, a structural design flow is proposed based on the experimental and numerical simulation results. A chart to facilitate determination of appropriate reinforcement structures is also presented.

Performance of water cut-off and remediation promotion techniques at coastal waste landfill sites

This paper proposes the construction of steel pipe sheet pile (SPSP) cutoff walls for promoting remediation of water-soluble toxic substances and containment of water-soluble toxic substances at landfill sites in order to maintain and ensure the environmental safety of waste landfill sites over time. It investigates environmental safety at coastal waste landfill sites by applying water cut-off and remediation promotion techniques to the joint sections of SPSP water cut-off walls that provide shore protection for waste landfills. Results from the research herein show that the construction of SPSP water cut-off walls with features such as the containment of water-soluble toxic substances and remediation promotion is possible by applying water cut-off and remediation techniques to H–H joints, which are structural joint components of SPSP walls. In addition, they show that the performance of remediation in H–H joints can be controlled by adjusting the water cut-off efficiency of the H–H joint flange.

Water Cut-Off Performance of H-Jointed Steel Pipe Sheet Piles with H-H Joints Attaching Water-Swelling Materials

In this research, under various conditions, we evaluate the water cut-oS performance of H-jointed steel pipe sheet piles (SPSPs) with the H-H joints attaching water-swelling materials which are components of SPSPs for water cut-oS in a coastal waste landll site. Specically, we research the water cut-oS performance when these H-H joints have for- eign particles, when they are in a wet-dry cyclic condition, and when the water-swelling material has deteriorated. As a result of this research, it has been found that in any of the above cases, H-jointed SPSPs with H-H joints attaching water-swelling materials are capable of providing water cut-oS performance, and meet seepage control work standards as long as they are under less than certain pressure levels to be considered in coastal waste landll sites. Also, it has been proved that the above conditions do not aSect the water cut-oS performance of H-jointed SPSPs with H-H joints attaching water-swelling materials.

Experimental Study on Impermeable Properties of H-Jointed SPSPs with H-H Joints under Soil Coexistence

This paper shows impermeable properties of H-jointed steel pipe sheet piles (SPSPs) with H-H joints under soil coexistence on impermeable walls used in coastal landfills. The authors have developed a number of technologies such as developing the H-jointed SPSPs and H-H joints for SPSP joint sections aimed at improving performance and widening application areas of SPSPs. Equivalent hydraulic conductivity of the H-jointed SPSPs with H-H joints under several soil coexistences was evaluated by experimental studies and it was clarified experimentally that H-jointed SPSPs with H-H joints can demonstrate the equivalent hydraulic conductivity of the 1 × 10-8cm/s order. This is because the coexistence soil particles are covered by the swelling of swellable waterproof materials inside the H-H joints.

Evaluation of environmental feasibility of steel pipe sheet pile cutoff wall at coastal landfill sites

An evaluation method that can express the local leakage of leachate from joint sections in steel pipe sheet pile (SPSP) cutoff walls is discussed in this study. In particular, the evaluation of environmental feasibility (containment of leachates containing toxic substances) considering a three-dimensional arrangement and hydraulic conductivity distribution of the joint sections in the SPSP cutoff wall is compared with an evaluation that uses the equivalent hydraulic conductivity. This equivalent hydraulic conductivity assumes that the joint section and the steel pipe are integrated; therefore, the hydraulic conductivity is substituted with a uniform permeable layer. However, in an evaluation that employs the equivalent hydraulic conductivity, it is difficult to consider the local leakage of leachate containing toxic substances from the joint sections in the SPSP cutoff wall. It was established that evaluations of the environmental feasibility of SPSP cutoff walls with joint sections must take into account the local leakage of leachates containing toxic substances from the joint sections. Also, it was clarified that technologies that lower the hydraulic conductivities of joint sections in SPSP cutoff walls and also facilitate the use of sparser joint arrangements contribute significantly to increasing the environmental feasibility of SPSP cutoff walls at landfill sites.

Impermeable Properties of H-Jointed Steel Pipe Sheet Piles with H-H Joints

This paper shows impermeable properties of H-jointed steel pipe sheet piles (SPSPs) and H-H joints on impermeable walls used in coastal landfills. The authors have developed a number of technologies such as developing the H-jointed SPSPs and H-H joints for SPSP joint sections aimed at improving performance and widening application areas of SPSPs. Hydraulic conductivity of the H-jointed SPSPs with H-H joints was evaluated by experimental studies and it was clarified experimentally that H-jointed SPSPs with H-H joints can demonstrate the hydraulic conductivity of the 1×10-8cm/s order. The features in maintenance and management repair of the H-jointed SPSPs with H-H joints for the conventional steel pipe sheet pile are also shown.

Construction of Steel Pipe Sheet Piles with Newly Developed Joint System

H-joint in steel pipe sheet piles (SPSP) is introduced and developed, the joint is made by welding a cylindrical steel pile on either side of an H steel section, welding is continuous along their lengths therefore it is completely waterproof with high strength; the two connected piles are installed simultaneously hence short construction time is required. It is shown through full-scale field construction tests using 3 existing SPSP installation methods, that construction of H-joint SPSP is practical and have high construction accuracy of 1/250~1/1400. A segment joint for connecting two H-joint SPSP segments in the field is proposed and evaluated for bending strength. It was observed that (1) failure of the segment joint did not occur and that failure of the material was due to local buckling at the bending section of the pipe pile (2) Bending strength capacity of the continuous SPSP and SPSP with segment joint is nearly equal (3) Load on the main piles is transferred to H steel when development of plastic zone in main piles occurs and then transferred to the splice plate. A segment cutting test is conducted to show that cutting of temporary portions of H-joint SPSP segment is practical and easy.

Development and Application of H-joint Steel Pipe Sheet Piles in Construction of Foundations for Structures

ABSTRACT This paper shows development and application potential of newly developed H-joint steel pipe sheet piles (SPSPs) in SPSP structures. The authors have developed a new H-joint SPSPs technology from a simple idea in which two steel pipes are connected by H-steel section welded on them in order to improve the performance and widen application areas of SPSP technology. The H-joint SPSP is expected to remediate problems of traditional joints in SPSPs. Installation accuracy, proposed field segment joint using a fillet welded splice plate and lateral bearing capacity for H-joint SPSPs were examined by field construction tests, full-scale bending tests and centrifuge model tests, respectively. Parametric studies using beam analysis were conducted to show that the cross sectional dimensions of SPSP foundations can be reduced by using H-joint SPSPs and to estimate a joint efficiency (μ) for design of H-joint SPSP foundation structures. The following observations were made from the studies: (1) H-joint SPSP can be installed with high driving accuracy due to rigidly welding 2 steel pipes and H-steel in a factory, (2) The proposed field segment joint for H-joint SPSP using a splice plate is strong and effective in bending, (3) H-joint SPSPs have high rigidity hence large lateral bearing capacity making them suitable in ensuring the stability of SPSP foundation structures, (4) A joint efficiency of H-joint SPSP foundation is larger than that of SPSP foundation with traditional joints, and (5) H-joint SPSP contributes to reducing the number of piles based on the reduction of the size dimension of the SPSP foundation.

Design evaluation and construction for cutoff walls considering environmental impacts

SPSP cutoff walls constructed by installing steel pipe sheet piles (SPSPs) at coastal landfill sites are important element of containment facilities preventing the leachate leakage from reclaimed waste to the open sea area. The adhesion with the peripheral ground must be retained in the installation of the SPSPs with joint sections for demonstrating the function which the SPSPs make to be the containment facility. In this study, the generation of turbulence region in peripheral ground around the installation of SPSP cutoff walls is noticed. A seepage and advection/dispersion analysis evaluates the effect of the turbulence region, effect of installation method which suppresses the generation of the turbulence region and soil improvement by the sand compaction pile (SCP) method on environmental preservation function of whole coastal landfill sites with SPSP cutoff walls. As example of result in this study, hydraulic conductivity which turbulence region formed in lower deposition clay layer retained showed that the leakage quantity in the specific route of the toxic substance leakage is greatly affected. The installation method with soil improvement around installing the SPSPs using soil cement was effective in leakage control of the toxic substance.

Evaluation and improvement technology of environmental feasibility for cutoff walls using steel pipe sheet piles in coastal landfill sites

In the coastal landfill sites, the evaluation methods, construction technologies and long-term maintenance which ensure environmental feasibility of cutoff wall using steel pipe sheet piles with the jointed sections (SPSPs cutoff wall) are complicated both experimentally and analytically. In this study, the effect of SPSPs cutoff walls in coastal landfill site on the containment of toxic substance was evaluated by seepage and advection/dispersion analysis, and the relevance was examined with respect to performance and installation condition of SPSPs cutoff walls and environmental feasibility. In addition, the improvement of environmental feasibility and construction technology for SPSPs cutoff walls was proposed by the application of the H j ointed SPSPs with H-H joints which is one of the originally developed SPSPs. Furthermore, the long-term maintenance of water interception performance of H-jointed SPSPs with H-H joints cutoff walls demonstrate was proposed with the management repair technique. From a series of result, the hydraulic conductivity of SPSPs cutoff walls required for environmental preservation of coastal landfill sites of 1×10-8 cm/s order is clarified from infiltration and advection variance analysis. In addition, it is also clarified experimentally that H j ointed SPSPs with H-H joints can demonstrate the hydraulic conductivity of the 1×10-8cm/s order. The features in maintenance and management repair of the H-jointed SPSPs with H-H joints for the conventional steel pipe sheet pile are shown.

連結鋼管矢板による鉛直遮水壁の施工技術

This paper shows application potential of H-jointed steel pipe sheet piles (SPSPs) and H-H joints on vertical cuttoff barriers used in coastal landfills. The authors have developed a number of technologies such as developing the H-jointed SPSPs and H-H joints for SPSP joint sections aimed at improving performance and widening application areas of SPSPs. Hydraulic conductivity of the H-jointed SPSPs with H-H joints was evaluated by experimental studies. In addition, a new construction technique is proposed for vertical cuttoff barriers in which H-jointed SPSPs with H-H joint is applied. The technique uses soil-cement columns to make pile driving easy and simultaneously improves the soil around and underneath the foundation of the structure.

変形追随性遮水材料を用いた遮水壁構造に関する実海域実証実験（その２）

Steel pipe sheet piles with impervious joints usually are used for impervious sea walls of coastal waste disposal sites. We have proposed to fill between steel pipe sheet piles and U-type sheet piles with soil impervious materials as the impervious structure, then investigated impervious performance for over a year in waters. In this study, the materials samples were taken from the impervious structure, and impervious performance test, vane shear test, water content test were carried out to investigate properties of the materials. In addition, the effect which the materials may leak from holes in sheet piles was examined.

Great depth excavation - simulation of steel pipe sheet pile : Hara, M; Tani, M; Tsuda, K; Taguchi, Y Proc International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering for Coastal Development, GEO-COAST'91, Yokahama, 3–6 September 1991P187–192. Publ Japan: Coastal Development Institute of Technology, 1991

Great depth excavation - simulation of steel pipe sheet pile : Hara, M; Tani, M; Tsuda, K; Taguchi, Y Proc International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering for Coastal Development, GEO-COAST'91, Yokahama, 3–6 September 1991P187–192. Publ Japan: Coastal Development Institute of Technology, 1991

STUDY ON THE CONNECTED STRUCTURE BETWEEN FOOTING CONCRETE AND STEEL SHEET PIPE PILE WALL BY THE DEFORMED BAR STUD WELDING

When we try to apply the Horizontal stud welding method with large diameter and long length which we have developed to the connected structure between footing concrete and steel sheet pipe pile wall, we have carried the experimental studies.Main experimental studies are the mechanical test of stud welding and large scale model test of concrete for steel pipe sheet pile. Large scale model test is the comparison between the new deformed bar stud and some former methods. One of former methods is the connection of shear plate and moment plate, and other is the deformed bar fixed into the concrete in the steel sheet pipe pile. Through these tests we have proved that this connection method has the sufficient shear transfer capacity comparison to the former methods.While we carried the experimental studies, we have developed the semi-automatic stud welding machine and quality assurance device. Last in this paper, we describe these machine and device briefly.

Improvement on the New Connection Mechanism Between the Steel Pipe Sheet Pile Foundation and the Concrete Footing

Improvement on the New Connection Mechanism Between the Steel Pipe Sheet Pile Foundation and the Concrete Footing

DESIGN METHOD OF STEEL PIPE SHEET PILE'S WELL BASED ON THE FIELD EXPERIMENT

DESIGN METHOD OF STEEL PIPE SHEET PILE'S WELL BASED ON THE FIELD EXPERIMENT