Performance analysis of mixtures of ceramic and steel grinding balls in an industrial scale semi-autogenous mill

Abstract Precise measurement of gravitational acceleration (g) is a key experiment in introductory physics education. This study presents the design and implementation of a low-cost free-fall apparatus suitable for use in teaching laboratories. The setup integrates a metallic ball and loudspeaker, serving as a mechanical impact sensor, into a closed electrical circuit. The ball was held at a predefined height by an electromagnet and simultaneously functioned as a switch, opening the circuit at the moment of release. The voltage signal Vs(t) across the loudspeaker terminals was continuously recorded using a digital oscilloscope with a time resolution better than 0.1 ms. This signal allows for the precise identification of both the release and impact instants of the falling ball, enabling an accurate measurement of the time of flight. The experimental procedure was applied to two steel balls of different diameters and drop heights ranging from 0.30 to 1.80 m. Measurement at each height were repeated multiple times, exhibiting high repeatability. Data analysis was based on linear regression of the height versus the square of the fall time, h=f(t²), yielding values for gravitational acceleration g with deviations of less than 0.1 % from the local theoretical value (9.800 ms-2) at the experimental site (Athens, Greece). This apparatus combines simplicity, accuracy, and educational value, encouraging student engagement with both fundamental physical concepts and hands-on experimentation.

Wear behavior plays a critical role in determining the durability and functional performance of lattice structures subjected to cyclic or contact loading. Auxetic lattice architectures, characterized by a negative Poisson's ratio, offer superior mechanical response and energy absorption compared to conventional cellular designs. This study investigates the reciprocating wear behavior of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V auxetic structures, focusing on the influence of unit cell geometry. Prismatic samples (20 × 10 × 10 mm 3 ) with varying strut thicknesses ( t 1 , t 2 ), inclined strut lengths ( L ), and inter-strut angles ( θ ) were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion. Reciprocating wear tests were performed under dry conditions using 100Cr6 steel balls as a counter body. The tribological response was evaluated based on the coefficient of friction (COF), specific wear rate, and worn surface morphology. Results revealed that the specific wear rate ranged from 2.023× 10 −4 to 1.875 × 10 −3 mm 3 /m·N, strongly influenced by both horizontal and inclined strut thicknesses as well as out-of-plane geometry. The COF varied between 0.31 and 0.45 and was primarily governed by the out-of-plane thickness and strut configuration. These findings highlight the critical role of unit cell geometry in controlling wear mechanisms and frictional response of additively manufactured auxetic lattices.

Plastic waste is one of the most persistent pollutants in the environment. Despite global efforts to enhance recycling practices, the recycling rate remains low. Over time, plastic waste fragments into microplastics that are difficult to remove from ecosystems. According to a 2021 study, microplastic concentrations in sludge have reached 4.40 × 10³–2.40 × 10⁵ particles/kg. These particles can adsorb contaminants such as heavy metals and toxic hydrocarbons, posing significant threats to environmental and human health by entering the food chain.Recent studies have explored microplastic removal through physical, mechanical, and chemical methods. Physical methods include flocculation, membrane filtration, and physisorption, while chemical methods involve advanced oxidation processes, pyrolysis, hydrogenolysis, cracking, and biodegradation. However, most chemical degradation methods require high temperatures (up to 300°C), making them energy-intensive and costly.This study aims to develop a microplastic degradation process through advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) via two different approaches: (1) AOPs under hydrothermal condition and (2) mechanochemical-assisted AOP degradation via ball milling. Previously, we have attempted the degradation of PS microplastic in light under ambient temperature. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis of the molecular weight suggests that SR-AOP using SO4 radicals is not effective in degrading polystyrene microplastic at room temperature in water. Further increasing the reaction temperature to 80°C and maintaining for 48 hours showed no significant changes in the molecular weight of the microplastic. Our result is consistent with literatures, demonstrating the inherent chemical inertness of polystyrene, coupled with its limited swellability in water, restricts the penetration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) into the bulk of the microplastic. To overcome this challenge, we implemented an AOP under hydrothermal conditions at temperatures exceeding the polymer's glass transition temperature (Tg). This approach aims to induce microplastic swelling, thereby increasing the exposure of reactive surfaces and enhancing degradation. In our experiment, 1 g/L of commercial CoO was used as a catalyst, along with 200 mM of potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS), in 150 mL of DI water containing 1 g/L of polystyrene. After 2 days of reaction at 140°C, a 14% weight loss was observed (Figure 1a). Additionally, changes in molecular weight distribution observed in GPC analysis suggest that the polymer chain underwent degradation, breaking down into smaller molecular fragments (Figure 1b). Higher dosage of CoO and PMS led to further increase in weight loss and a more pronounced shift in molecular weight distribution (Figure 2, Figure 3)In our second approach, we integrated AOP with ball milling to enhance the degradation of inert microplastic more effectively. Ball milling generates high shear forces that mechanically cleave polymer chains by breaking carbon-carbon bonds. In our preliminary study, 150 mg of CoO and 18.45 g of PMS were added to a milling jar containing 150 mg of polystyrene. To prevent powder adhesion to the jar walls, 10 mL of deionized water was introduced. The mixture was subjected to 2D ball milling at 133 rpm using 20 stainless steel balls (10 mm diameter) for 48 hours. GPC analysis revealed no significant change in molecular weight. However, a substantial increase in pressure developed in the reaction jar suggested that a reaction had occurred. Gas chromatography analysis of a 50 µL gas sample extracted from the milling jar confirmed the generation of CO₂ (Figure 4a) , a phenomenon observed only when both the catalyst and oxidant were present. To enhance reaction efficiency, we are currently investigating the use of a planetary ball mill and vibrational ball mill, which operates at higher energy levels. The success of this research strategy will be presented, highlighting its potential as a viable approach for plastic degradation through the integration of AOP and mechanochemistry.To enhance the mechanochemical assisted AOP degradation of microplastic, we are developing a BiFeO3 catalysts as a multifunctional piezo-photocatalytic PMS activator to exert synergistic effect in enhancing the degradation efficiency under mechanochemical-assisted AOPs. When BiFeO₃ is subjected to strain, its piezoelectric properties generate internal electric field that facilitates charge separation and transfer to the surface. The resulting e⁻/h⁺ pairs enhance redox reactions at Bi/Fe sites, thereby improving PMS activation efficiency. Additionally, ball milling provides several advantages, including catalyst particle refinement to increase active site availability, enhanced interfacial interactions, improved surface adsorption, and high energy efficiency. Collectively, these advantages could contribute to the enhancement in the degradation efficiency of plastic.Key words: microplastic degradation, advanced oxidation processes, PMS activation

Non-oriented (NO) Fe–Si electrical steels are key materials for magnetic cores of electrical machines, requiring a balance between magnetic and mechanical properties. This study systematically examined the effect of silicon content (1.06 wt%, 2.15 wt%, and 3.09 wt%) on the microstructure, mechanical, and tribological behavior of three produced NO steel grades. Mechanical properties were assessed using tensile tests, microhardness, and nanoindentation, while tribological performance was evaluated under dry reciprocating sliding (ball-on-flat) against a 100Cr6 steel ball at loads of 5 N, 10 N, and 25 N. Increasing silicon content led to larger grain size, higher hardness (227 HV–361 HV) and strength, but lower ductility. Tribological behavior depended on both composition and load. The most stable friction regime occurred at 10 N. The medium-Si steel (N3, 2.15 wt%) exhibited the best performance with a low coefficient of friction (COF ≈ 0.52–0.55); N5 (3.09 wt%) showed a similar COF, while N1 (1.06 wt%) had a slightly higher value. At 25 N, an inverse relationship between hardness and friction appeared: softer N1 had the lowest COF (≈0.68–0.70), whereas harder N3 and N5 reached ≈ 0.74–0.78. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed abrasive wear for N3/N5 and plastic flow (galling) for N1. Overall, an optimal silicon content provides the best compromise between hardness and tribological stability depending on load conditions.

In the river environments of Xinjiang characterized by high sediment content and high flow velocities, hydraulic concrete is highly susceptible to damage from the impact and abrasion of bed load. Consequently, this imposes more stringent requirements on its mechanical properties and abrasion resistance. The incorporation of crumb rubber, a recyclable material, into concrete presents a dual benefit: it enables resource recycling while simultaneously offering a novel pathway for the development of concrete technology. This study takes rubber powder concrete as the research object. With the same water-to-binder ratio, rubber powder was incorporated at three volume fractions: 0%, 5%, and 10% of the cementitious material. The drop weight impact test and underwater steel ball method are adopted to evaluate its impact resistance and anti-scouring-abrasion performance, respectively. By testing the compressive strength, impact toughness, wear rate, anti-scouring-abrasion strength and three-dimensional morphological characteristics, the influence of rubber powder content on the mechanical properties and anti-scouring-abrasion performance of concrete is systematically analyzed. The research results show that the addition of rubber powder reduces the compressive strength of concrete, but significantly improves its impact resistance and anti-scouring-abrasion performance. Among all test groups, the concrete with 10% rubber powder content has the most significant decrease in compressive strength, with a decrease of about 37% compared with the 5% content group, while the 5% content group has a decrease of about 27% compared with the control group. However, its impact toughness at 3d, 7d and 15d is increased by about 84.7%, 88.4% and 84.4%, respectively, compared with the control group, showing the largest improvement range. At the same time, the wear rate of this group is reduced by about 42.5%, and the anti-scouring-abrasion strength is increased by about 61%. Combined with the three-dimensional morphology analysis, it can be seen that the specimens in this group exhibit the optimal anti-scouring-abrasion performance. In terms of microstructure, the porosity of rubber powder concrete increases, the generation of C-S-H gel decreases and its continuity is damaged, leading to a significant decrease in compressive strength. The reduction in the generation of delayed ettringite enhances the toughness and anti-scouring-abrasion performance. In general, the increase in rubber powder content will lead to a decrease in the compressive strength of concrete, but within a certain range, it can significantly improve its impact resistance and anti-scouring-abrasion performance. Crumb rubber effectively enhances the impact and abrasion resistance of hydraulic concrete, demonstrating strong application potential in high-flow, sediment-laden river environments.

This study quantifies how pressurized water immersion alters the reciprocating sliding behavior of glass and Kevlar woven fabric-reinforced polymer hybrid composite laminates. Specimens were immersed in deionized water at 10 bar and 25 °C for 0, 7, 14, and 21 days, then tested against a 6 mm 100Cr6 steel ball at 20 N under four regimes that combine 1 or 2 Hz with 10 m or 20 m total sliding. Water uptake rose from 0 to 8.54% by day 21 and followed a short-time Fickian square root of time trend, indicating diffusion-controlled sorption. The coefficient of friction exhibited a robust nonmonotonic response with a pronounced minimum at 14 days that was typically 20 to 40% lower than the unaged reference across frequencies and distances, while 7 days produced a partial decrease and 21 days trended upward. Three-dimensional profilometry showed progressive widening and deepening of wear tracks with immersion, for example, at 1 Hz and 10 m width increased from about 1596 to about 2050 to 2101 μm and depth from about 128 to about 184 to 185 μm, with a transient narrowing at 2 Hz after 7 days. Scanning electron microscopy corroborated a transition from mild plowing to matrix plasticization with fiber–matrix debonding and debris compaction. Beyond geometric wear metrics, this study re-processed the existing profilometry and COF records to derive a moisture-dependent mechanistic approach. Moisture uptake up to 8.54% reorganizes the third body at the interface so that friction drops markedly at 14 days (typically 20–40% below the unaged state), while concurrent matrix plasticization and interface weakening enlarge the wear cross-section extracted from the same 3D maps, decoupling friction from damage width/depth under wet conditioning. Factorial analysis ranked immersion time as the dominant driver of damage for width and depth with frequency as a secondary factor and sliding distance as a minor factor, highlighting immersion-controlled tribological design windows for marine and humid service.

This study examines the effect of an AlTiN/TiSiXN two-layer coating on the tribological performance of HS6-5-2C steel under dry friction conditions. Tribological assessments were conducted using a tribometer and a calotester with a ball-on-disc configuration, involving HS6-5-2C steel discs (both uncoated and coated with AlTiN/TiSiXN) and 100Cr6 steel balls. Analyses, including surface topography, microstructure, and chemical composition, were performed utilising confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The hardness and elastic modulus of the coating and substrate were determined through nanoindentation techniques. The coating exhibited a hardness of approximately 38 GPa and high elasticity, substantially enhancing the tribological characteristics of the system. Notably, the coated specimens exhibited friction coefficients approximately 10% lower than those of the uncoated steel, while wear on the coated discs was reduced by more than 90% in comparison to their uncoated counterparts. Wear rate evaluations of the counter-samples indicated a slightly increased wear of the balls—approximately 21%—when in contact with the coated discs, which can be attributed to the high hardness of the coating. These results substantiate the superior efficacy of the AlTiN/TiSiXN coating in improving wear resistance and reducing friction.

Several internal defect types can have an impact on structural performance and shorten its lifetime. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) proposes a viable alternative by integrating a set of sensors for continuous structure monitoring. This enables early detection of the initiation and propagation of structural damage. Sensors permanent integration requires first determining their best placement, to ensure that a large area of the structure is monitored. However, using many sensors to cover a large area can have a negative impact on the structure's weight and thus, its performance. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to design an optimal sensor grid for acoustic source localization in plates using a network of four sensors along with triangulation algorithm. This work aims to validate experimentally the technique and to suggest a new procedure for implementing sensor networks for impact localization. The procedure is based on robust design methodology and sensor positions are determined based on the optimization of an objective function using the Taguchi SN ratio. A 400x400x2 mm aluminum plate is used herein, and the impact is generated by dropping a small steel ball at its center. Impact signals are acquired by piezoelectric sensors bonded to the plate's surface and captured by a four-channel oscilloscope. The efficiency of the proposed approach has been proved and the optimized sensor network located the impact with an error of 0.46 %.

ABSTRACT Given the low concentration of heavy metal pollution in water bodies, a microporous structure was proposed to enhance the flocculation net capture effect, improve flocculation efficiency, and reduce chemical usage. This approach utilizes permanent magnets and stainless steel balls to establish microporous structures, harnessing the hydraulic retention phenomenon and the net capture flocculation mechanism. Test results indicated that the concentration of Cd(II) in the simulated wastewater ranged from 2.09 to 4.96 × 10−3 kg/m3. The dosage of poly aluminum chloride (PAC) was 70 × 10−3 kg/m3, and nonionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) was 0.5 × 10−3 kg/m3, resulting in a removal efficiency of 97.99% to 99.41%. The fractal dimension of the flocs was high, with elevated chromium content, which efficiently contributed to net capture. The front end of the microporous structure exhibited a large vorticity volume and small shear force, enhancing the net capture capacity of the flocs. Additionally, the microporous structure facilitated floc interception, demonstrating the potential for practical application in similar reaction systems.

Many studies have examined normal impacts on glass, but data on oblique impacts are limited, and, in particular, there is very limited experimental data on oblique impacts at various angles under consistent experimental conditions. Therefore, this study investigated fracture patterns of 5 mm thick low-emissivity (low-e) glass impacted by a 10 mm steel ball at velocities of 40 to 50 m/s at various oblique impact angles from 0° to 80°. Results showed that fracture patterns varied clearly with impact angle. Truncated cone fractures occurred in all specimens at 0° to 60°, while three of six specimens did not fracture at 80° because the normal energy dropped to below damage limit energy. Damage parameters normalized by kinetic energy showed that Cmax/KE and Cmin/KE remained stable at 5.7–6.4 and 4.9–5.3 mm/J from 0° to 45°, but dropped sharply to 0.7 and 0.6 mm/J at 80°. The aspect ratio of cone cracks remained relatively constant (1.2–1.3) regardless of oblique impact angle, while the aspect ratio of perforated holes increased from 1.0 (0°) to 1.6 (60°) before decreasing at 80°. Steel ball size comparison confirmed that normalized damage patterns are not significantly affected by projectile size variations. Mechanism-based analysis revealed that cone cracks and perforated holes are governed by fundamentally different physical processes. Cone cracks form through axisymmetric stress fields following Hertzian contact theory, showing limited angular sensitivity (15.4% maximum eccentricity change). In contrast, perforated holes result from trajectory-dependent mechanical penetration, exhibiting extreme angular sensitivity with 338.9% eccentricity increase from 0° to 60°. This 22-fold difference demonstrates a dual damage mechanism framework that explains the pronounced angular dependence of hole geometry versus the relative stability of cone crack patterns. These findings provide essential data for forensic glass analysis and impact-resistant glazing design, while the dual mechanism concept offers new insights into angle-dependent fracture behavior of brittle materials.

Hybrid ball bearings with rolling elements made of silicon nitride show important friction, temperature, and power loss benefits compared to full steel bearings under mixed lubrication. This is of particular interest for electrical vehicle (EV) range extension in the automotive industry, where hybrid bearings are used in the electric motor with integrated gearbox to avoid electrical erosion damage. Same benefits can be obtained for industrial electric motors with high frequency variable speed drives where the hybrid bearing acts as an insulator against electrical currents. In this study bearing temperatures and system torque are measured in a modified FZG gearbox for both hybrid and steel ball bearings. The gear set was designed with a small helix angle to create an axial preload to the sets of 6306 deep groove ball bearings with C3 clearance. To reach mixed lubrication conditions, a small amount of low viscous oil was used operating at high temperatures up to a maximum of 100°C. Results in this study show that for mixed lubrication the hybrid bearings run 2-4°C cooler compared to steel ones, while the temperature gradient is similar. Due to lower friction in the hybrid bearings, the FZG test box efficiency is on average improved with 3%.

Laboratory and industrial tests were conducted to study the impact of grinding media material on key indicators such as grinding product particle size, sodium cyanide consumption, gold recovery rate, unit power consumption, and ball consumption. Laboratory test results indicate that the reasonable mixing of ceramic and steel balls can achieve an increase of more than 2.8% in the fineness of the grinding product (−0.038 mm), an increase of 0.3% in the gold recovery rate, and a decrease of 1.3 kg/t in the consumption of sodium cyanide. Industrial trial studies indicate that, compared to the traditional steel ball scheme, using a ceramic ball to steel ball mass ratio of 3:1 under conditions of processing 50,000 tons of gold concentrate annually can save a total of 1.31 million yuan in annual ball consumption, electricity consumption, and cyanide consumption costs. Additionally, the improved recovery rate generates an additional economic benefit of 3.63 million yuan, resulting in an annual comprehensive economic benefit increase of 4.94 million yuan. In summary, in gold cyanide leaching grinding, the mixture ratio between ceramic balls and steel balls demonstrates significant potential for energy conservation, cost reduction, and efficiency enhancement, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for subsequent process optimization and green gold extraction.

Bolted connection loosening poses significant risks to structural load-bearing capacity, yet reliable detection remains challenging due to geometric complexity and material discontinuities. This study develops an innovative transient impact-response method for bolt loosening detection through vibrational energy analysis. The approach utilizes controlled steel ball impacts on pipe exteriors combined with piezoelectric sensor arrays to capture flange vibration signatures. Experimental results demonstrate a strong correlation between received signal energy attenuation and bolt torque reduction from 50 N·m to complete loosening. The method provides four significant benefits: (1) non-invasive operation without disassembly requirements, (2) highly cost-effective implementation using minimal equipment, (3) rapid assessment capability with high detection efficiency, and (4) simplified operation requiring minimal operator expertise. Validation tests confirm the technique’s superior performance for pipeline integrity monitoring compared to conventional non-destructive testing methods, offering an optimal balance of accuracy and practicality for industrial applications.

Purpose. Research the effect of ball treatment in a magnetic field on the blade tips, which have varying degrees of blade tip damage in operation, on their endurance limit. Research methods. Mechanical method for studying residual stresses, experimental method for determining blade endurance, stepwise regression methods for building regression models. Results. On engine blades that operated under different conditions and had different service life, the greatest wear was observed in the peripheral part of the blade (cross sections A7-A7 and A8-A8). Processing blades from various engines with operational damage with balls in a magnetic field significantly increases the resistance of the blades to fatigue, the endurance limit of the blades increases from 14 to 22 %. Regression models of natural oscillation frequencies and blade life were constructed. The obtained regression models showed that the greatest influence on the natural oscillation frequency of blades is not only the operating conditions and blade geometry, but also the amount of life, the hardness of the initial blade and the ultimate strength of the blades. Operation of helicopter engines in conditions of increased dustiness and abrasive wear requires the application of protective coatings with high erosion resistance to the upper section of the blade back. Additional application of surface hardening methods provides increased reliability, fatigue strength and extended service life of the gas turbine engine. Scientific novelty. A method has been proposed that allows for effective processing of blade back with damage that occurred during operation, which ensures an increase in their durability and reliability. As a result, endurance indicators increase and the service life of parts is extended. Practical value . The obtained experimental data provide grounds to recommend the method of treating blade tips with steel balls in a magnetic field as a technological operation for repairing compressor blades that have undergone operational damage such as potholes on the leading edges.

The precise characterization of capillary meniscus has been a measurement bottleneck in interface science for three centuries. The accuracy of traditional measurement methods is not only limited by perspective errors and refractive distortions, but also lacks effective precision closed-loop verification mechanisms. In response to this challenge, this paper applies the telecentric imaging technology to the detection of the meniscus profile, which avoids the perspective error of the traditional imaging system, so that the absolute accurate correction function of the meniscus profile in the cylindrical capillary can be derived without any approximation. The system error is verified by measuring the profile of the standard steel ball in the capillary, and the maximum relative root mean square error was 0.92%. Subsequently, the meniscus profiles of water, ethanol and glycerol in eight cylindrical capillary tubes with inner diameters of 0.84-5.05 mm were extracted based on the above measurement methods, and the arc fitting evaluation was carried out. The results show that the goodness of arc fitting of the meniscus profile under different conditions is greater than 0.99, and even greater than 0.999 under more than half of the conditions. Based on this, it is inferred that the cylindrical capillary meniscus is very likely to conform to the spherical surface, and its mechanical properties may be similar to the inverted hemispherical shell membrane model under uniform load. Further research on capillary phenomena may be inspired by relevant fundamental mechanics theories.

This study employed PEEK test blocks paired with 45# steel balls to conduct controlled variable tests using a self-made reciprocating friction and wear test-ing machine, systematically investigating the tribological behavior of PEEK ma-terials under dry friction, wet lubrication, and three different water-lubricated conditions. The friction and wear mechanisms were thoroughly analyzed through surface morphology characterization. The results demonstrate that PEEK exhibits optimal tribological performance under soup-like water lubrica-tion at a rotational speed of 100 r/min (linear velocity: 33.3 mm/s) and a load of 50 N. This research provides critical data support and theoretical guidance for the application of PEEK composites in water-lubricated bearings and guide rail materials for garbage truck compression devices.

To determine the reasonable simulation parameters for proppant crushing using the discrete element method (DEM), we established an impact drop-weight experimental platform, taking ceramic proppant and quartz sand as the research objects. Physical experiments were conducted to measure the particle size distribution after proppant crushing. Specifically, the cumulative mass fraction (t10) of crushing products smaller than 10% of the initial particle size was measured and used as an optimization indicator. The steepest ascent experiment was employed to identify the range of key parameters for the proppant crushing simulation model. Subsequently, the Box–Behnken response surface methodology was applied to calibrate the optimal combination of these key parameters, followed by multiple cross-validation simulations. The results of experiments show that: when impacted by a 10 mm steel ball dropped from a height of 100 mm, exhibited a t10 value of 3.13%, whereas quartz sand showed a t10 value of 7.85%. The calibrated results of the proppant crushing model indicated the following optimal parameters: for ceramic proppant, the particle characteristic selection function parameter (b) was 0.001474, the reference minimum specific crushing energy (Eref) was 110 J/kg, and the maximum cumulative mass fraction of fine particles (A) was 4.83%; for quartz sand, parameter b was 0.00147, Eref was 70 J/kg, and A was 8.36%. The maximum relative error between the simulation and experimental results was 3.27%, confirming that the calibrated parameters effectively characterized the proppant crushing process. This study addresses the gap in the rapid crushing model by providing calibrated parameters for proppant crushing.

Investigation on deformation characteristics of warm helical rolling process of steel balls and influence of rolling parameters on forming process

Marking techniques are employed to guarantee the identification and traceability of biomedical materials. This study investigated the impact of laser and mechanical marking processes on the tribological performance of ISO 5832-1 austenitic stainless steel (SS), specifically examining corrosion resistance, the coefficient of friction, and wear volume in ball-cratering wear tests. The laser marking was performed using a nanosecond Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Cytotoxicity tests assessed the biocompatibility of the biomaterial. Non-marked surfaces were also evaluated for comparison. A phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) served as both the lubricant and corrosion medium. The surface finishing was analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with a field-emission gun (SEM-FEG), combined with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The oxide film was examined through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Wear tests lasted 10 min, with PBS drops applied every 10 s at 75 rpm; solid balls of AISI 316L stainless steel (SS) and polypropylene (PP), each 1 inch in diameter, were used as counter-bodies. Corrosion resistance was assessed using electrochemical methods. Results showed variations in roughness and microstructure due to laser marking. The tribological behaviour was influenced by the type of marking process, and the wear amount depended on the normal force and ball nature. None of the samples was considered cytotoxic, although laser-marked surfaces exhibited the lowest cellular viability among the tested surfaces and the lowest corrosion resistance.