Steam Inhalation Research Articles

Pharmacological study of a Unani compound formulation in Iltehab Tajaweefe Anaf Muzmin (CRS) patients

The present trial was undertaken to study the pharmacological effects of a Unani Compound Formulation with inhalation of Kalonji and its safety in CRS patients. In this randomized, single-blind, standard controlled trial, 75 CRS patients were randomly allocated to three groups. In Group A, Unani oral compound formulation of Katan (Linum usitatissimum), Filfil Siyah (Piper nigrum) & Asl-e-Khalis (Honey)-6gm BD with steam inhalation of Kalonji (Nigella sativa), in Group B, the same oral formulation in same dose with steam inhalation, and in Group C, Tab Alaspan 1OD with Karvol Plus inhalation was given. Patients were investigated in the lab for haematological and safety parameters like CBC with ESR, AEC, IgE, LFT, and KFT before and after six weeks of treatment. The statistical analysis of the data generated was performed by using paired T-test. The results of the data of 60 patients who completed the study show that the test drug has statistically significant anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects which help to resolve CRS. The formulation is safe as there was no statistically significant effect on safety parameters. The formulation has significant anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects in CRS patients. A multicentric trial of the test drug on larger sample size for a longer duration is required to establish the pharmacological effects of the formulation on CRS patients.

Perspective Toward Complementary & Alternative Medicines in the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection.

Across the globe, people are seeking integrative and holistic measures to prevent coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in the form of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) with or without conventional medicines. This study was done to know the extent of CAM use for COVID-19 prophylaxis and to know beliefs and attitudes of people related to CAM use in India. A pretested and prevalidated questionnaire was circulated on social media. Participants, who completed the online form and gave voluntary consent, were included. The questionnaire included demographic details and questions related to CAM use, preferences with reasons, preparations used, perceived role of CAM in prevention, immunity boosting and side effects, sources of information, etc. Out of 514 responses, 495 were analyzed. 47.07% of respondents were males and 52.93% were females. 66.9% were using CAM for COVID-19 prophylaxis. The association between age, gender, and profession with CAM use was statistically significant (P < 0.05). 41.1% reported CAM use in the past. 36.6% of CAM users were taking "Kadha" and 33% were using ayurvedic medicines. Other frequently used CAM preparations were chyavanprash, giloy, tulsi, ginger, pepper, cloves, honey, sudarshanghanvati, arsenic-30, lemon juice, cinnamon, steam inhalation, ashwagandha, swasarivati, coronil, and warm saline water gargles. 46.9% of the CAM users were on self-medication and 52.3% preferred CAM over allopathy. Complementary and alternative medicine utilization for COVID-19 prophylaxis is widespread and self-medication is prevalent. As no specific cure is available in conventional systems, people believe in traditional medicines more than conventional, yet confusion exists. There is a need of increasing awareness regarding side effects, drug-drug interactions, and self-medication.

The Effects of Vocal Loading and Steam Inhalation on Acoustic, Aerodynamic and Vocal Tract Discomfort Measures in Adults

<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Objectives</h3> This research investigated the effectiveness of a bespoke 20-minute Vocal Loading Task (VLT) in inducing changes in acoustic, aerodynamic, and vocal tract discomfort measures in vocally healthy adults. It also aimed to determine the effects of 10-minute steam inhalation and its potential effectiveness in reversing the detrimental effects of the VLT. <h3>Study design</h3> One-group pretest-posttest. <h3>Methods</h3> Forty-two vocally healthy adults (18-54 years) performed a 20-minute VLT. Participants read text aloud with higher vocal intensity (70-85 dB), a prosodic voice effect, and a forward head position. The VLT was followed by 10 minutes of steam inhalation over a basin of boiled water and a towel to contain the steam. Outcome measures were acoustic parameters (F₀, intensity, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonics ratio, cepstral peak prominence), maximum phonation time, vocal tract discomfort (VTD), and self-reported effort and fatigue. These were collected at baseline (T0), immediately after VLT (T1), and immediately after steam inhalation (T2). <h3>Results</h3> At T1, there was a statistically significant increase in intensity (<i>P</i> = 0.009), number (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and severity (<i>P</i> < 0.001) of VTD sensations, increased effort (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and increased fatigue (<i>P</i> < 0.001). These measures decreased significantly at T2 and showed no statistical difference between T2 and T0. No significant effects for the remaining outcome measures were observed after either the VLT or the steam inhalation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The bespoke VLT affected intensity, vocal tract discomfort, and self-perceived effort, and fatigue. This suggests that our short task successfully induced change to vocal tract parameters and may be useful for future research. There were positive effects on intensity, VTD, effort, and fatigue measures after 10 minutes of steam inhalation, reversing the effects of the VLT. This research suggests the potential effectiveness of steam inhalation as a simple and low-cost tool to address excess vocal intensity, vocal tract discomfort, effort, and fatigue.

Data on steam inhalation in combating CoVid-19.

Steam inhalations are often used to control viral infections of the respiratory tract such as common cold. The use of steam inhalation in combating SAR-CoV-2 infection has been also tried. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the various data available on the effect of steam inhalation on COVID-19 infection in a systematic manner. The guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used. We registered the protocol in PROSPERO, the International prospective register of systematic reviews. A search method to identify relevant studies using PICO questions was prepared. A total of 52 articles were screened for their relevance to the topic. Three articles were found to have insufficient data and ten articles could not pass our inclusion criteria. Total 3 articles could make the final list of articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Steam inhalation helps in symptomatic relief of COVID symptoms. But there is not much data available to reach a conclusion of its role in the treatment and prevention of COVID.

Does Adjunct Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Methylene Blue Contain Further Spread of COVID Associated Sinomaxillary Mucormycosis? A Retrospective Study

The aim of the study was to assess the role of post-debridement HBO therapy along with local application and steam inhalation with methylene blue as an adjunct in the management of COVID-associated sino-maxillary mucormycosis cases.

Prevention at Full Steam ‐ Can Steam Inhalation Stop the Contagion of Sars‐Cov 2?

Covid‐19 vaccination and social barrier efforts worldwide have deescalated the death and morbidity toll due to Sars CoV‐2 infection in most countries. However, intramuscular vaccination leads to a variable antibody response insufficient to provide airway mucosal immunity that prevents contagion and reinfection in asymptomatic carriers. Nasal vaccines could provide this missing piece and are currently being tested with encouraging results, but large‐scale availability and efficacy in humans are unknown. Moreover, previous exposure to the virus would render nasal spray vaccines less effective. Past literature on upper airway infections has shown that water steam inhalation therapy (WSIT) may modulate airway mucosa immunity responses. Airway mucosal immunity in COVID‐19 infection is a critical aspect to consider with WSIT. Based on a small but slowly growing body of evidence, we propose that WSIT may be a relevant home remedy worth revisiting to help halt mass contagion. Here, we review current and past studies on WSIT use in upper respiratory infections (URI). Previous studies reported mixed results on the efficacy of steam therapy on viral respiratory diseases. Safety concerns with steam therapy include possible nosocomial infections associated and burns. There is a paucity of studies with high methodological quality exploring the outcomes of this ancient therapy. Upper airway blood flow increases substantially after 15‐min of steam inhalation with temperatures of 42 ℃. Still, methods to measure bronchial blood flow are lacking, and this may be an essential variable for the analysis of how steam may impact mucosal immune responses. Studies with better methodologies demonstrate that nebulized steam at 80°C for 20 min reduces neutrophils compared to controls in COPD patients indicating an anti‐inflammatory effect. The best evidence for using WSIT for upper airway viral disease shows that 60% of asymptomatic carriers increased viral shedding immediately post steam inhalation, and Rt‐PCR testing confirmed viral negativity at 10‐days post‐treatment. Subjects used steam for a total of 20 minutes per hour with steam temperatures ranging from 55 to 65℃. Efficacy rates decline with research methodologies that use WSIT for less than 20 minutes. In summary, more recent studies using WSIT for URI show encouraging results and may help to disentangle former controversies. Lessons emerging from previous studies indicate that exposure of WSIT less than 20 minutes may be ineffective. Adopting WSIT as an inexpensive public health measure may lead to secondary prevention of airway viral infections, especially in new viral strands that have the potential to become pandemic.

Vapor Inhalation Therapy (Eucalyptus) Introduction to The Event of ARI in Toddlers

ARI is an upper respiratory tract infection, based on data from April-July, researchers obtained data on 175 patients with ARI. 92 ARI in toddlers and 44 in children and 39 in adults. With an average experience of ARI with moderate signs and symptoms. Common symptoms are usually fever, shortness of breath, severe cough producing a large amount of mucus, high fever steam inhalation therapy is an effective treatment for nasal congestion. Clogged, good natural method whit steam and heat. This study to determine the Effect of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus) Oil Steam Inhalation Therapy on the Incidence of ARI in Toddlers at the Cikedal Public Health Center, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province in 2021. The method in this research is Quasi Experimental Design. The research design used was a two group pre-post test and control design. The sample in the study was 30 respondents, consisting of 15 respondents from the experimental group and 15 respondents from the control group. Data were analyzed using Paired T-test and Independent T-test. The Results: the average score of incidence of ARI pretest in the experimental pretest group was 5.33 while the posttest was 2.87 and the average difference was 2.6, the average score for the incidence of ARI pretest in the control group was 5.40 while the posttest was 5.20 and the average difference of 0.2 Independent T-test results obtained p-value 0.000 the conclusions and suggestions, there was an effect of eucalyptus (eucalyptus) vapor inhalation therapy on the incidence of ARI among toddlers at the Cikedal Public Health Center, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. It is hoped that health workers will implement the application of eucalyptus oil inhalation therapy to reduce ARI in toddlers.

Home-Based Remedies to Prevent COVID-19-Associated Risk of Infection, Admission, Severe Disease, and Death: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Objective This study aimed at determining the various types of home-based remedies, mode of administration, prevalence of use, and their relevance in reducing the risk of infection, hospital admission, severe disease, and death. Methods The study design is an open cohort of all participants who presented for testing for COVID-19 at the Infectious Disease Treatment Centre (Tamale) and were followed up for a period of six weeks. A nested case-control study was designed. Numerical data were analysed using STATA version 14, and qualitative data were thematically analysed. Results A total of 882 participants made up of 358 (40.6%) cases and 524 (59.4%) unmatched controls took part in the study. The prevalence of usage of home-based remedies to prevent COVID-19 was 29.6% (n = 261). These include drinks (34.1% (n = 100)), changes in eating habits/food (33.8% (n = 99)), physical exercise (18.8% (n = 55)), steam inhalation (9.9% (n = 29)), herbal baths (2.7% (n = 8)), and gurgle (0.7 (n = 2)). Participants who practiced any form of home-based therapy were protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR = 0.28 (0.20–0.39)), severe/critical COVID-19 (OR = 0.15 (0.05–0.48)), hospital admission (OR = 0.15 (0.06–0.38)), and death (OR = 0.31 (0.07–1.38)). Analysis of the various subgroups of the home-based therapies, however, demonstrated that not all the home-based remedies were effective. Steam inhalation and herbal baths were associated with 26.6 (95% CI = 6.10–116.24) and 2.7 (95% CI = 0.49–14.78) times increased risk of infection, respectively. However, change in diet (AOR = 0.01 (0.00–0.13)) and physical exercise (AOR = 0.02 (0.00–0.26)) remained significantly associated with a reduced risk of infection. We described results of thematic content analysis regarding the common ingredients in the drinks, diets, and other home-based methods administered. Conclusion Almost a third of persons presenting for COVID-19 test were involved in some form of home-based remedy to prevent COVID-19. Steam inhalation and herbal baths increased risk of COVID-19 infection, while physical exercise and dietary changes were protective against COVID-19 infection and hospital admission. Future protocols might consider inclusion of physical activity and dietary changes based on demonstrated health gains.

KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF STAFF NURSES REGARDING PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF PATIENT UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERY AT SELECTED HOSPITALS, SIKKIM.

The term abdominal surgery broadly covers surgical procedures that involve opening the abdomen. After abdominal surgeries, patients are at the risk of developing complications. The common postoperative complications after the abdominal surgery include pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis and surgical site infections. The aim of the present study was to assess knowledge and practice of staff nurses regarding prevention of postoperative surgical complications of patient undergone abdominal surgery. Adescriptive survey study was conducted in hospitals, of Gangtok, Sikkim. Data were collected using structured knowledge questionnaires and observational checklist from 60 staff nurses working in Surgical ICU and surgery ward selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. The ndings revealed that majority of the staff nurses i.e out 60 staff nurses, 49(82%) had average knowledge and 11(18%) had good knowledge. Majority of staff nurses 44(73%) had good practice and 16(27%) had poor practice regarding prevention of postoperative surgical complications and also showed that there was a moderately positive correlation between knowledge and practice of staff nurses regarding prevention of postoperative surgical complications (r=0.2). Based on the ndings of the study, it can be concluded that in spite of having good practice level regarding prevention of postoperative surgical complications, staff nurses had average knowledge level. Knowledge and practice of the staff nurses in some certain area of prevention of postoperative surgical complications such as providing steam inhalation and chest physiotherapy, preventive measures for surgical site infection, assessment of pain in calf muscle, providing education to patient and family members need to be improved.

COVID-19 associated Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis: A Retrospective Analysis of 15 Cases

PurposeIndia is witnessing an increasing number of invasive fungal infections, especially mucormycosis, associated with the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with COVID-19 associated invasive fungal sinusitis (CIFRS) who presented to our centre (KIMSHEALTH, a tertiary hospital in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India).Methods & MaterialsWe included biopsy and/or culture proven invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in patients who had history of COVID-19 infection (confirmed by RT-PCR or an antigen based test). Clinical details were collected by review of the electronic medical records and analysis was done by descriptive statistics.Results15 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. This included 11 cases of rhino orbital mucormycosis, 2 cases of invasive aspergillosis and 2 cases of co-infection with Mucorales and Aspergillus species. Fungal culture showed growth of Mucorales in 4 patients and Aspergillus flavus in one patient. The mean age of the patients was 58.0 ± 9.7 years, and 12 were male. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was a common additional risk factor in all the patients and the mean HbA1c was 9.9 ± 2.1. All patients except two had received corticosteroids as a part of their COVID-19 treatment. All patients except one had used steam inhalation for symptom relief for COVID-19 symptoms. The median duration between the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the diagnosis of CIFRS was 20 days (interquartile range: 16-27). All patients underwent emergency endoscopic sinus debridement surgery followed by antifungal medicines. Antifungals used included liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B deoxycholate and isavuconazole for mucormycosis patients while two patients with invasive aspergillosis were treated with isavuconazole. At the time of reporting one patient had expired while the others have shown clinical improvement.ConclusionThe common risk factor for all cases of CIFRS was diabetes mellitus. Majority of patients also had history of steroid use and steam inhalation during their COVID-19 treatment. Their role in pathogenesis need to be ascertained by larger studies.

Frequency and causes of self-medication in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, North of Iran, 2018-2019.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a frequent respiratory disease. As self-medication is a common issue in the world, this study aimed to estimate its frequency in patients with CRS. 144 CRS patients referred to a university hospital, were evaluated for self-medication, included type, duration, frequency, and its causes, their SNOT-22 questionnaire and Lund-MacKay scores. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.21 and the level of significance was considered as P ≥ 0.05. 30.6% of the cases used self-medication (65.9% used chemical drugs and 63.6% used herbal drugs), not associated with their age, gender, educational or economic level. The most common chemical drugs were antibiotics, analgesics and decongestants (75.9%, 55.2% and 10.3%, respectively) and the most common non-pharmaceutical agents included steam inhalation and herbal infusions (71.4%). The efficacy of self-medication was rated as "none" to "little" in 54.64% of cases. The mean SNOT-22 score was 59.54 ± 10.93 and 73.27 ± 8.12 in cases without and with self-medication (P = 0.034), and the mean Lund-MacKay score was 11.8 ± 5.3 and 17.2 ± 4.3 in cases without and with self-medication, respectively (P = 0.002). The top reasons for self-medication were "considering the disease unimportant" and believing chemical drugs being "harmful", "expensive", or "non-effective". Most patients who used self-medication did "not" advise it to others (80%). The high rate of self-medication in CRS patients calls for greater attention to this issue in these patients. It seems that self-medication is significantly associated with more severe grades of disease and lower QOL in CRS cases.

Severe scalds sustained during steam inhalation therapy in an adult population: Analysis of patient outcomes and the financial burden to healthcare services

SummaryBackgroundSteam inhalation therapy (SIT) is a common home remedy for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. Literature reports are increasingly discouraging this practice in the paediatric population due to the risk of scalds, however, this is yet to be echoed for adults.MethodsA retrospective review of patients admitted to a tertiary burns centre from 2015 to 2020 was undertaken identifying all adult patients requiring in-patient specialist treatment for scald injuries sustained during steam inhalation. Cost analysis and long-term patient outcomes were reviewed.ResultsTwelve adult patients required inpatient management with a mean length of admission of 8 nights. One patient required operative intervention, long-term sequelae included scarring, skin sensitivity, pain, or psychological morbidity. The estimated mean cost per patient was £5402 giving a mean cost per year of £12 964.ConclusionSIT can be associated with severe scald injuries in adults and incur considerable costs for healthcare providers.

Impact of Steam Inhalation, Saline Gargling, and Povidone-Iodine Gargling on Clinical Outcome of COVID-19 Patients in Bengaluru, Karnataka: A Randomized Control Trial.

Context:In the absence of any specific treatment available for COVID-19, people started practicing traditional nonpharmacological preventive home remedies such as salt water gargling and steam inhalation. The available research evidence on some of these measures opines that steam inhalation, saline gargling, and povidone-iodine gargling does have virucidal properties and do provide symptomatic relief.Aims:The aim is to test this hypothesis, and the present trial was undertaken with an objective to assess the effect of steam inhalation, saline gargling, and povidone-iodine gargling among the COVID-19-positive patients with respect to early test negativity and clinical recovery.Methodology:Open-labeled, parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted among asymptomatic or mild COVID-19-positive patients in Bangalore from September 2020 to February 2021. In each group of steam inhalation, saline gargling, povidone-iodine gargling, and control, twenty participants were allocated. Daily follow-up was done for 21 days to assess early test negativity and clinical recovery. Trial Registry Number: Clinical Trial Registry India/2020/09/027687.Results:Among 80 participants recruited, 65 (81.3%) were symptomatic. Early test negativity was seen in povidone-iodine gargling group of 6 days (KaplanMeier survival curve, BreslowGeneralized Wilcoxon test P = 0.7 as per the intention-to-treat and as per-protocol P = 0.8). Significant clinical recovery was seen in saline gargling group (4 days, P = 0.01).Conclusion:Povidone-iodine gargling was effective in providing early test negativity, whereas saline gargling was effective in early clinical recovery.

Effect of steam inhalation therapy as add-on to standard treatment in COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms: Randomized controlled study

Effect of steam inhalation therapy as add-on to standard treatment in COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms: Randomized controlled study

A study of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis with COVID-19: A new challenge in North West of Rajasthan.

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal disease in immunocompromised patients. There has been increase in the number of mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 patients in second wave. Now country battle with both COVID-19 and mucormycosis. An invasive mucormycosis infection has been a significant burden in India after COVID-19. It has been recently emerged a notifiable disease by the Rajasthan government. Our aim is to develop awareness regarding the importance of early detection and treatment of mucormycosis with COVID-19 and reduce the morbidity and mortality. This is a Prospective longitudinal study including 34 patients diagnosed with acute invasive fungal infection by contrast enhancement magnetic resonance imaging studies of paranasal, orbit and brain or nasal biopsy for KOH/culture. Diagnosis is made through routine blood tests, biopsy, and radiological imaging. The patients taken for the study were COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction positive or recent post COVID-19 (within 15 days) or symptoms of COVID-19 with bilateral pneumonitis. The study was conducted with 34 patients admitted to the department of medicine with mucormycosis within a month may 2021. A total of 34 patients with a mean age of 50.92 years old and male female ratio 24/10 (70.5/29.41) were included in this study. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (23 patients 67.64%). Nine patients were newly diagnosed or recent onset of diabetes with or after COVID-19 infection. Twenty-four (70.58%) patients were COVID-19 positive or recent (within 15 days) history of COVID-19 positive. Seven (20.58) patients had the history of steroid as a treatment during COVID-19 and 5 (14.70) patients was on oxygen inhalation. One (2.94%) patient was fully vaccinated, and 5 (14.70) patients had the history of steam inhalation. The most common involvement was naso-orbital mucormycosis found in 28 patients (82.35%) followed by nasal-and orbital 26 (76.47) and 18 (52.94), respectively. Naso-Orbito-Cerebral was seen in 16 (47.05) patients. The more common reported symptoms and signs were headache (76.47), facial numbness (64.70), Nasal discharge (52.94), and ophthalmoplegia (52.94). Cranial nerve involvement was seen in 10 patients (facial palsy in 8 patients and bulbar palsy in 2 patients). Total mortality was 7 (7/34 20.58%). COVID-19 infection associated with the wide range of invasive mucormycosis. Early diagnosis and Clinical suspicion of acute invasive fungal sinusitis among COVID-19 patients is essential for better outcomes and higher survival.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Corona (COVID-19) among General Population in Pakistan

Objective: COVID-19 began in Wuhan, China, and has since spread around the world, becoming the leading cause of death in 2020 from the day it infected the first human. The aim of this study was to determine how well the general public knew about COVID-19 and to investigate their attitudes and practices. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted for the period of two months from July 2021 to August 2021.The sample size was 907. Questionnaire was divided into three components and gathered information about demographic data, knowledge of COVID-19 and their practice section that involves steps taken by the individual to prevent contracting the infection and data was analysed. Results: In this study, 51 %( 463) participants were males and 49 %( 444) were females. 91% of respondents responded that they are aware of the fact that covid-19 is contagious infection. 54% of candidates take preventive measures such as they wash hands frequently, use hand sanitizer, steam inhalation, wear facemasks etc. 50% of respondents are practicing social distance through only going out for essentials for food items, while 16% do social distancing by working from home. Conclusion: The participants indicated a high level of awareness about the COVID-19 pandemic, its outbreak, and basic information about it. Educated people are more likely to believe the scientific facts thus more compliance with preventive measures.The majority of them were satisfied with the actions done by the Government of Punjab. Keywords: Awareness; Attitude; Practices; COVID-19; Public.

Steam inhalation: COVID-19 and pregnancy

African Journal of Midwifery and Women's HealthVol. 15, No. 3 EditorialSteam inhalation: COVID-19 and pregnancyUnice GoshomiUnice GoshomiCorrespondence to: E-mail Address: [email protected]Social Sciences, Women's University in Africa, Harare, ZimbabweSearch for more papers by this authorUnice GoshomiPublished Online:10 Oct 2021https://doi.org/10.12968/ajmw.2021.0049AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article References la Marca G, Barp J, Frenos S et al. Thermal inactivation of SARS COVID-2 virus: Are steam inhalations a potential treatment? Life Sci. 2021;265:118801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118801 Crossref, Google ScholarLarson L, File TM. Treatment of respiratory infections in pregnant patients. 2019. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-respiratory-infections-in-pregnant-patients (accessed 4 September 2021) Google ScholarSwain SK, Lenka S, Das S. Steam inhalation in treatment of the COVID-19 patients: a review. Univ J Pharmaceut Res. 2021;13. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.02.321 Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2 October 2021Volume 15Issue 3ISSN (online): 2052-4293 Metrics History Published online 10 October 2021 Published in print 2 October 2021 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download

Tackling COVID-19 Through Ayurveda: A Review on the Herbs of Recommended Indian Remedies

: COVID-19 has rapidly spread across the globe and has been declared a pandemic. Presently, drugs or vaccines are unavailable, and patients are treated on symptom management basis. Traditional healthcare can contribute to prevent the infection in healthy individuals as well as in the treatment of infected patients. Ayurveda medicines become even more relevant as there is a descriptive illustration of causation and management of diseases similar to COVID-19 as Janapadodhwamsa. Meanwhile, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India has recommended herbal remedies for prevention of COVID-19 infection. The remedies include 1. Herbal tea twice a day and 2. Golden milk for immunity boosting measures. Further, Steam inhalation and medicated honey is recommended for sore throat. In this review, we have tried to evaluate effectiveness of the recommended Indian remedies in prevention and treatment of COVID-19 conditions with available scientific literature. COVID-19, being primarily a respiratory disease, all 9 herbs of remedies have been selected for analysing their respiratory diseases related immunomodulatory and other activities, anti-viral, antibacterial activities as well as in silico effectiveness of constituents thereof against SARS-CoV-2 targets. The literature search was carried out in electronic databases namely PubMed, ScienceDirect, ACS Publications, Clinicaltrials.gov, Springer, and Google Scholar. The scientific evaluation revealed that the recommended Indian remedies might be useful in tackling COVID-19 situation, though scientific interventional studies are required to establish the claims.

Risk Factors for Procurence of Mucormycosis and its Manifestations Post Covid-19: a Single Arm Retrospective Unicentric Clinical Study.

To assess the risk factors causative of ROCM post COVID-19. To determine the clinical manifestations, causative factors leading to surge in ROCM & factors contributing to poor prognosis in ROCM cases occurring in Western Rajasthan post COVID-19. In a Retrospective observational study, 56 post COVID-19 ROCM patients were analyzed from ‘May–June 2021’ at M.D.M. Hospital, Jodhpur. All patients after onset of disease were assessed as per selection criteria, included patients were examined for risk factors and clinical manifestations & then were statistically evaluated. Median age was 53 years with male to female ratio 2.7:1. Uncontrolled diabetes was noted in at least 85% patients. Steroid use was seen in 66%. Other major contributing factor to ROCM was the occupation; Out of 56 patients 69% were FARMERS.72% had no history of COVID-19 vaccination. Only 3% had no underlying disease. Overall mortality rate was 16% .2 determinants were associated with poor prognosis: higher HbA1c-Out of 7 cases of orbital exenteration, 6 (85%) had HbA1c > 12. 36% took immoderate amounts of Steam inhalation. Maxillary sinuses were the most involved sites (94%). Orbital involvement was seen in 33 and 12% were PL negative. Palatal involvement & intracranial involvement were seen in 14% and 7% respectively. Bilateral disease was seen in 28%. Uncontrolled DM & Humid working conditions came out to be the main predisposing factors for ROCM. Facial pain is considered to be the most common presenting complain. Maxillary sinus is the most involved site.

Traditional System of Medicine and Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India

ABSTRACT The traditional system of medication, including Ayurveda, has been accepted widely for treatment of diseases in India, and hence it is being utilised by the people for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic as well. In this backdrop, the traditional system of medicine in India was studied and examined for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. People in India mainly rely upon Ocimum tenuiflorum, Tinospora sinensis, Zinziber officinale, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma domestica, Phyllanthus emblica, Syzygium aromaticum, Piper nigrum, Citrus medica, and Trachyspermum ammi to manage COVID-19 either by using them alone or as a decoction of more than one species. Apart from herbal formulations, yoga, steam inhalation, lifestyle changes and disinfection of the environment are the cause of concern in managing COVID-19. There is no scientific evidence and claim that the traditional system of medication can cure the COVID-19 disease, however, it may help to improve the immunity and disinfect the home environment, which may finally help to fight against the pandemic.