Steady Pace Research Articles

In human life, sports play a very important role as they can influence both physical and psychological conditions. Through regular physical activity, individuals not only achieve physical fitness but also maintain mental and emotional balance. One type of exercise that is interesting to study is slow running, which involves running at a steady but gentle pace. This study focuses on examining the effectiveness of group slow running on levels of happiness. The subjects of this research were students from the Psychology Department at Universitas Negeri Padang, class of 2021, aged between 18 and 21 years old. The study employed a quantitative method with an experimental approach using a pretest-posttest control group design. Two groups were involved in this research—an experimental group and a control group—each receiving different treatments. Measurements were conducted before and after the intervention to observe changes in happiness levels. The results of the independent sample t-test analysis showed a significance value of 0.003, which is smaller than α = 0.05. This indicates a significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that group slow running is effective in increasing happiness among adolescents, particularly university students, as it fosters feelings of relaxation, enthusiasm, and togetherness.

Integrating social and emotional learning (SEL) into academic instruction may improve well-being and achievement. In mathematics—where anxiety and negative attitudes often hinder learning—SEL may be especially useful. This multiple case study examined how a math curriculum that explicitly embeds SEL principles shapes learning environments and teacher/student experiences. Using a multiple case study design, we conducted classroom observations, teacher interviews, and check-ins in six Grade 5–7 classrooms implementing JUMP Math, a program that centers social–emotional well-being. Three themes characterized the SEL-integrated environment: (1) Teaching Energy—steady pacing, enthusiastic delivery, and humor; (2) Learning Harmony—progressing together, peer help, and the normalization of mistakes; and (3) Emotional Stability—supportive feedback, invitations to participate, and respectful, responsive interactions. Teachers reported greater confidence and reduced math anxiety; students showed higher engagement, cooperation, and resilience in problem-solving. Findings indicate that math curricula intentionally designed with SEL can create emotionally supportive classrooms that benefit both teachers and students, while advancing academic goals. The findings contribute to understanding how academic instruction can be leveraged to develop social and emotional competence while maintaining focus on academic achievement.

Footwear design, especially the curvature of carbon plates, may influence fatigue perception, but few studies have integrated footwear features into fatigue prediction models. This study aimed to develop a hybrid CNN-LSTM model to predict runners’ fatigue states and evaluate the impact of footwear characteristics on fatigue perception. Twelve male marathon runners (age = 21.8 ± 1.3 years; body mass = 59.1 ± 4.1 kg; height = 168.9 ± 2.2 cm; and weekly mileage = 68.8 ± 5.5 km) participated. They wore two types of carbon-plated shoes (flat plate, FP, and curved plate (CP)) and ran at a steady pace (Borg score 13) until a Borg score of 16 or 85% of maximum heart rate was reached for 2 min. EMG signals and physiological data were collected during treadmill running. A hybrid CNN-LSTM model was trained with and without footwear features to predict fatigue states. The model with footwear features achieved 85% accuracy, compared to 69% without. Curved carbon plate (CP) shoes delayed semi-fatigue onset, indicating better initial support, but the time to full fatigue was similar for both shoe types. The CNN-LSTM model effectively predicted fatigue states, with significant improvement when footwear features were included. Footwear design, particularly carbon plate curvature, influenced fatigue perception.

ABSTRACT This review paper focuses on the role of the Arabian Mission in developing modern healthcare in Bahrain. The Mission of Arabia had two objectives: providing basic medical care and propagating Christianity. The study aims to take a detailed account of the evolution of the Arabian Mission that arrived in Bahrain in the 20th century. The study adopted an exploratory design analysing primary and secondary data, including reports, published studies, documentaries, and official documents, to trace Bahrain’s mission activities and key milestones. The findings revealed that the Mission led to embark on the country’s modern healthcare journey. Meanwhile, it pinpointed that amidst reputed outbreaks of contagious diseases, this Mission’s role in healthcare services was more effective than the Government itself. Notably, the Mission also faced strong resistance and public disgrace, but at a steady pace. Acculturation at the religious level proved impossible because of Bahrain’s ever-changing religious and cultural environment. The research demonstrated that the Mission helped people understand how healthcare needs to become a critical national matter.

Since digital threats and the transformation of criminal practices are going forward at a steady pace, the detection of socially dangerous communities is becoming a crucial task for ensuring security. The paper presents a systematic review of 15 Russian and international patents (2014–2023) concerning technologies for detecting destructive groups and behaviors in the digital space. Patents are analyzed in detail, they are grouped into five key areas: linguistic analysis of texts, forensic data examination, user profile modeling, biometric identification, and control of unwanted activity. It has been established that 47% of patents protect algorithmic methods. The key technological trends that are identified are as follows: the dominance of linguistic methods (analysis of key expressions and semantic patterns) and threat prediction using user behavior modeling. At the same time, serious limitations are described: fragmentation of modules, underestimation of interdisciplinarity and ethical risks associated with the processing of personal data. Particular attention is paid to patents that describe approaches to analyzing psychophysiological reactions or crowdsourcing conflict moderation. The need for synthesizing forensics and computer linguistics systems to create adaptive detection systems is emphasized. The results of the study are of practical value for developers, law enforcement agencies, and patent experts.

Seasonal migrations between temperate and tropical latitudes have evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, but we know little about how tropical environments have shaped this life history strategy. In this first aeroecological radar study in South America, we tested whether tropical atmospheric stability leads to a more continuous pace of nocturnal bird migration across a season than the episodic pulses of migration in temperate regions. We estimated and compared the volume, flight directions and heights of birds detected by weather radars and acoustic sensors in three regions of Colombia across four years and assessed the effects of atmospheric conditions. We found that stable tropical winds have distinct effects on migration timing depending on geographic context. Within the Andes mountains, supportive winds explain the altitudes at which birds fly, but not the volume of birds aloft on a given night, resulting in lower nightly variation in migration intensity. However, lapses in prevailing headwinds east of the Andes drove higher variation in migration intensity similar to temperate latitudes. With a reduced relationship between forecastable weather and the magnitude of nightly migration, predicting high volume migration events to target for conservation initiatives may be more challenging in tropical climates.

Wheat yields have continued to increase globally at a steady pace over the past decade despite challenges faced by breeding programs from evolving and migrating races of rust and other wheat disease-inducing fungi. Additionally, pathogens are becoming tolerant to fungicides because of their injudicious use. We highlight the challenges in breeding and deploying resistant varieties and discuss global strategies to protect wheat from diseases. The continuous identification, utilization, and deployment of diverse resistance genes and quantitative trait loci for durable adult plant resistance, supported by precision phenotyping, marker-assisted and genomic selection, real-time pathogen diagnostics, and the rapid diffusion of resistant varieties, are helping to minimize crop losses while enhancing productivity. The potential for genetic engineering, including the introduction of resistance gene cassettes and precise genome editing of susceptibility or resistance genes, has also increased because of the recent acceptance of genetically modified wheat carrying the HB4® drought tolerance gene in some countries.

Detecting anomalous events in satellite telemetry is a critical task in space operations. It is time-consuming, error-prone and human dependent, thus automated data-driven algorithms have been emerging at a steady pace. However, there are no available datasets of real satellite telemetry with annotations to verify anomaly detection models. We address this gap and introduce the AI-ready benchmark dataset (OPSSAT-AD) containing the telemetries acquired on board OPS-SAT—a CubeSat mission, operated by the European Space Agency. The dataset is accompanied with the baseline results obtained using 30 supervised and unsupervised classic and deep machine learning algorithms. They were evaluated using the training-test dataset split introduced in this work, and we suggest a set of quality metrics which should be calculated to confront the new algorithms for anomaly detection while exploiting OPSSAT-AD. We believe that this work may become an important step toward building a fair, reproducible and objective validation procedure that can be used to quantify the capabilities of the emerging techniques in an unbiased and fully transparent way.

The text is created from 3D scans of Virginia Woolf’s writing hut and garden located in the house where she lived from 1918 until her death in 1941: Monk’s House in Rodmell, East Sussex. The scans capture the garden in ways that appear both substantial and yet ethereal, tracing contours that explore the physical textures of the site while using movement to allude to the cadences and syntax of the text. The film has been developed using Woolf’s 1931 experimental novel ‘The Waves’ as a narrative armature. The ‘camera’ moves through the garden, mapping out different perspectives with a steady pace and rhythm, tracing dreamlike vectors as if motivated by the desire-lines of Woolf’s restless characters. After a sequence that implies confusion and disorientation, the final tracking shot returns us to the hut, as a voice previously buried and scrambled in the soundtrack reads a particularly poignant section of the novel. Author Biographies Nic Clear, Professor of Architecture & Dean of School of Arts and Humanities, University of Huddersfield Professor Nic Clear is a qualified architect, writer and curator. He is Professor of Architecture and Dean of the School of Arts and Humanities at the University of Huddersfield. He was a Professor of Architecture and Head of the Department of Architecture and Landscape at the University of Greenwich, having previously taught at the Bartlett School of Architecture for over 20 years. In 2015, he was the Inaugural Professor for Research in Visionary Cities at the Institute of Fine Arts in Vienna, and has taught in the UK, Europe, the US and Canada. Hyun Jun Park, Course Director Postgraduate Architecture, Leeds Beckett University Hyun Jun Park is a practitioner, writer, curator, fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and Course Director for Postgraduate Architecture at the Leeds School of Architecture, Leeds Beckett University. Prior to this, he was Course Leader for the Master of Architecture at the University of Huddersfield and taught postgraduate M.Arch design studio at the University of Greenwich. Before he came to the UK, he was an associate architect at SAMOO Architects & Engineers (SAMSUNG Corp), Seoul, Korea. He was awarded M.Arch by the Bartlett School of Architecture and finished his BA and first master’s degree at Hongik University, Seoul, Korea.Clear + ParkClear+Park use 3D laser scanning to create multidisciplinary works that operate across architecture, installation, and media arts. Clear+Park use 3D scanning to capture spaces and create spatial representations and narratives that engage with, and respond to specific site histories and spatial practices. Through their research Clear+Park explore ways in which architects and artists can reproduce, develop, manipulate, and represent spaces using advanced digital technology in ways that engage with non-specialist audiences.

A discrete choice latent class method for capturing unobserved heterogeneity in cyclist crossing behaviour at crosswalks

In addressing the limitations of conventional experience-based speed allocation in competitive swimming, the objective of this study is to develop optimal strategies from a biomechanical and metabolic perspective, leveraging advanced tools such as mathematical modeling. Specifically, the forces on swimmers during freestyle at different stages were analyzed, and energy consumption was assessed with the ATP-CP model. The analysis included energy expenditure, speed limits, and collision losses. Subsequently, an optimization model for speed allocation was developed using the Euler-Lagrange method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results show that in the 50-meter race, swimmers achieve a 0.3-second improvement when they rapidly attain and maintain their maximum sprint speed. For the 100-meter event, the initiation of a rapid increase in speed during the first half, followed by the maintenance of a steady pace, results in a 0.7-second enhancement. In the 200-meter race, a more uniform distribution of speed, coupled with a slight acceleration towards the finish line, results in a performance enhancement of 1.2 seconds. Furthermore, numerical simulations demonstrate that optimal strategies can reduce average power consumption by approximately 15% in comparison to conventional methods. These findings provide scientific support for the effectiveness of optimized speed distribution in improving athlete performance.

The study attempted to explore the transformative impact of partition on the urbanization trends and informal economic activities in the Darjeeling district based on various census publications from 1901 to 2011. The Darjeeling district of West Bengal is significant in partition studies due to its unique geopolitical, socio-cultural, and economic context during and after the Partition of India in 1947. As a strategic region near the borders of Nepal, Bhutan, and China, it gained prominence for its tea plantations, inhabited by a diverse population. The Partition exacerbated identity and administrative issues in the district, including debates over its inclusion in West Bengal and demands for greater autonomy. In this research paper, the percentage share of the urban area, volume, trend, degree, pace, and tempo of urbanization in the pre-and post-partition periods in the study area was examined extensively. The results show a steady growth of the urban population in the district after independence. When compared with the national average, it is observed that urbanization in the district is relatively faster. This steady pace of urbanization has resulted in the growth of various informal sectors, such as small-scale retail, street vending, and informal transportation services, which have become integral parts of the economic landscape of the study area. This informal economy sector in the Darjeeling district has not only provided livelihoods to a significant portion of the population but also contributed to the socio-economic resilience of the district amidst rapid urban changes.

BackgroundMendelian mutations in the Prothrombin gene (F2) and the factor V Leiden gene (F5) genes are established risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Walking pace is associated with the risk of coronary artery diseases, but no study has investigated its association with VTE. This study aimed to investigate the association and causality between walking pace and VTE, compare its population risk with established Mendelian mutations, and determine if blood biomarkers mediate its effect.MethodsWe followed up 445,261 UK Biobank participants free of VTE at baseline. Self-reported walking pace was collected via touchscreen questionnaire at baseline. The carrier status of two Mendelian mutations inF2andF5genes was determined by the genotypes of rs1799963 (G20210A, c.*97 G > A) and rs6025 (p.R534Q), respectively. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the effect of walking pace on incident VTE. We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, by using 70 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a walking pace genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and 93 SNPs from a VTE GWAS as instrumental variables. We used both individual-level data and GWAS summary statistics for mediation analysis.ResultsOver a median follow-up period of 12.8 years, 11,155 incident VTE cases were identified. The 10-year incidence rates for brisk and slow walking pace were 1.32% (confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–1.37%) and 3.90% (CI: 3.71–4.09%), respectively. For noncarriers,F2andF5carriers, the 10-year incidence rates were 1.70% (CI: 1.66–1.73%), 2.94% (CI: 2.66–3.22%), and 3.62% (CI: 3.39–3.84%), respectively. The overall risk of VTE forF5mutation carriers with a brisk walking pace (2.65%) was smaller than that for noncarriers with a slow walking pace (3.66%). ForF5mutation carriers, brisk pace (but not steady pace) reduces the risk of VTE (pinteraction < 0.05). MR analyses displayed a causal relationship (inverse variance weighted:p = 3.21 × 10−5) from walking pace to VTE incidence. Mediation analysis showed that serum albumin (ALB) and cystatin C (CYS) levels partially mediated the effect of brisk walking pace on the risk of VTE incidence, with mediation proportions of 8.7 to 11.7%, respectively.ConclusionOn the population scale, the protective effect of brisk walking pace offsets the risk of VTE caused by Mendelian mutations. We provided preliminary evidence that a brisk walking pace causally reduces the risk of VTE. Serum ALB and CYS partially mediate this effect.

Pharmaceutical industry in India is one of the fastest growing industries in the country today, growing with an average CGAR of 8.5% with an approx. market size of approx. 2 trillion. The relevance of the Indian Pharmaceutical industry can be measured by the fact that today India is considered as the Pharmacy of the World. However, the industry is now experiencing a rapid change because of the changing scenario in the field of Pharmaceutical Marketing. The dependence of marketing strategies on Key Opinion leaders or decision maker Doctors had given rise to newer trends of marketing strategies to win over the confidence of KOLs. In the current scenario the most important tool which Pharma companies use to retain their KOLs is Customer Relationship management initiatives. Although Indian Pharmaceutical companies are practicing these CRM based marketing since last 2-3 decades or so, there seems a huge paradigm shift from traditional mode of customer relationship management (CRM) to the highly advanced and intuitive means of CRM initiatives, which are in practice now a days. This paradigm shift which was happening at a steady pace, have been hastened due to the sudden emergence of Covid-19. This paper tries to explore these changing trends of CRM marketing strategies adapted by the Indian Pharmaceutical industry, in the field of pharmaceutical marketing in India &amp; the extent of their impact on medical practitioners in India, for whom they are designed.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is the most important variable related to health and a strong predictor of mortality. However, it is rarely used in clinics due to costs, specialized equipment, space needs, and the requirements of expert staff such as an exercise physiologist, physician, or other health professional. This work aims to validate and test the reliability of a submaximal step test to estimate VO2max of 8-to 16-year-old pediatric populations as a simple and low-cost tool for clinical practice. A cross-sectional study included 242 children and adolescents (42.1% girls) aged 8–16. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by a maximal incremental test on a treadmill until exhaustion. The step test entailed maintaining a steady pace of 22 steps per minute for 3 min (60 bpm), with the heart rate being recorded at the end of the test. Nutritional status was computed through BMI z-score. A multiple linear regression model validated the step test and developed a new equation to predict VO2max, including the third-minute heart rate, weight, and height. The reliability among predicted and measured VO2max was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis. The mean age was 12.5 ± 2.6; 51.6% were overweight or obese. The cardiorespiratory fitness measured as VO2max was 35.01 ± 0.58 ml·min-1·kg−1. A robust correlation was observed between the predicted VO2max from the step test and the measured VO2max (r = 0.86, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis indicated statistical concordance between predicted and measured VO2max. Our findings indicate that the step test protocol is valid and reliable for estimating VO2max in children and adolescents. Furthermore, the predictive equation is suitable for application among children aged 8–16.

Defect diagnosis and modelling for a rotating machine running at a steady pace

Objective: To determine the effect of physical training on oxygen saturation at very high altitude in young male individuals. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pulmonology PEMH Rawalpindi from Jun–Jul 2022. Methodology: The study was done on 250 young individuals arriving at a height of 11,820 feet for the very first time. All individuals were made to stay at the same height for the study period of 28 days. Individuals were tasked to walk 100 meters daily at a steady pace to ensure physical activity. Oxygen saturation was measured, before and after walking 100 meters at a height of 11,820 feet on day 0, day 7, day 14 and day 28 respectively. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 28.08±4.82 years. On day 0, post walk average oxygen saturation was 91.53±1.80%. After a stay of 28 days at a height of 11, 820 feet post walk average oxygen saturation increased to 92.24±2.18%. Conclusion: The oxygen saturation of young individuals improved over a period of 28 days stay after physical training. Human body adapts to physical training at high altitude by undergoing a large number of physiological processes resulting in improved exercising capacity and increase in oxygen saturation over a period of time.

Stroke is a global health issue caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, which leads to severe motor disabilities. Measuring oxygen levels in the brain tissue is crucial for understanding the severity and evolution of stroke. While CT or fMRI scans are preferred for confirming a stroke due to their high sensitivity, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)-based systems could be an alternative for monitoring stroke evolution. This study explores the potential of fNIRS signals to assess brain tissue in chronic stroke patients along with rehabilitation therapy. To study the feasibility of this proposal, ten healthy subjects and three stroke patients participated. For signal acquisition, two NIRS sensors were placed on the forehead of the subjects, who were asked to remain in a resting state for 5 min, followed by a 30 s motor task for each hand, which consists of opening and closing the hand at a steady pace, with a 1 min rest period in between. Acomplete protocol for placing sensors and a signal processing algorithm are proposed. In healthy subjects, a measurable change in oxygen saturation was found, with statistically significant differences (females p = 0.016, males p = 0.005) between the resting-state and the hand movement conditions. This work showed the feasibility of the complete proposal, including the NIRS sensor, the placement, the tasks protocol, and signal processing, for monitoring the state of the brain tissue cerebral oxygenation in stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation therapy. Thus this is a non-invasive barin assessment test based on fNIRS with the potential to be implemented in non-controlled clinical environments.

Butterflies are essential bioindicators of environmental health and play a critical role in maintaining ecosystem stability. Understanding their diversity and distribution in urban areas is crucial for biodiversity conservation. We conducted a survey of butterflies in Setif city to address the lack of information on butterfly diversity in Algerian urban environments. Butterflies were surveyed using pollard’s transect walking technique, with transects ranging from 500 m to 1 km. The observer recorded individuals within a 5x5x5 m area while walking each transect at a steady pace. Butterfly survey was conducted twice to three times each month from September 2021 to June 2023. In total, 726 individuals were collected, belonging to 32 species. The most abundant families were Pieridae and Nymphalidae, while Hesperiidae had the fewest species and individuals. Pieris rapae and Pararge aegeria were the most frequent and abundant species. The highest biodiversity indices were found in the Amusement Park (Shannon H = 2.43, Simpson 1-D = 0.867), and the lowest in Kitab Chahid Garden (Shannon H = 1.758) and Zenadia Forest (Simpson 1-D = 0.765). Equitability ranged from 0.67 to 0.88. Cluster analysis revealed two distinct groups of butterfly communities among the green areas. Pararge aegeria and Pieris rapae accounted for 50% of the differences between the green areas.

I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Education is only key instrument for bringing about a social order based on value of equality and social justice. The State’s special promotional efforts have undoubtedly resulted in educational progress for the Scheduled Caste (SC) especially in regions where policy implementation combined with the dynamism of reform, and most crucially with anticaste, dalit, and religious conversion movements. In the state is withdrawing from social sectors of education, health and delegating its social commitments and responsibilities to private agencies. There is already enough indication that basic educational needs of the SC women’s getting seriously undermined under the new dispensation adversely affecting life chances of vast sections of those who have yet to make the shift to first generation learning. Total SC population 8.6 as per the 2011, beside women constitutes 48% of the total population of India. The principle of gender equity is enshrine in Indian Constitution in its preamble, fundamental, rights, fundamental duties and directive principles and also reducing the gender gap in overall education level. But till now women especially, SC women’s facing more problems in our society because of, properly they won’t reach government policy, scheme and education. Karnataka states achievements in education have been quite remarkable, and the state is moving towards universal literacy at a steady pace. The literacy rate increased from 66.64 % in 2001 to 2011 75.6 %, with the female literacy rate increasing more swiftly than the male literacy rate. Overall, the gender disparity in literacy is declining rather perceptibly and the decline is much more evident in the less economically developed districts of the state. However, the significant point is the increase in total as well as female literacy among the SC women’s, though still at lower pace as compared to the overall population for the country. Hence, this paper is discussion in education status of rural and urban SC women in Dharwad district. A major limitation of the analysis is the inability to provide a comprehensive picture covering all states of the country. The analysis puts forward key issues that merit serious consideration as well as the major recommendations of them.