Psychological Well-being Status Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL WELLBEING STATUS OF COCOA FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTH-SOUTH ZONE, NIGERIA

This study assessed the psychological and social wellbeing status of cocoa farming households in Southsouth zone of Nigeria. A multi-staged sampling technique was used in selecting 240 Cocoa Farming Households (CFH) that were selected for this study. Data were collected from primary source using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and mean ratings were employed to analyze the data collected. Major findings revealed a grand mean of 2.85 indicating that social wellbeing status of the rural households is moderate with the mean of social integration ranking highest (x=3.14), followed by social contribution (x = 2.81), Social coherence (x = 2.78) and social acceptance (x = 2.77) that ranked 2nd and 3rd respectively. The grand mean of psychological wellbeing of rural households was 2.90, indicating a moderate psychological wellbeing status with the mean of variables under "Purpose i n life" having the highest mean of 3.18, this was followed by those under “Self-Acceptance” (x= 3.00) and "Personal growth" (x= 2.87) that came 2nd and 3rd respectively. The correlation result (r = 0.527) indicated a significant relationship existing between the cocoa farming households' psychological wellbeing and their social wellbeing status in South-South zone, Nigeria. The study concluded that both the psychological and social wellbeing status of the households are moderate, not high and therefore recommends that Extension agencies and Government need to reorientate cocoa farming households to keep them in the right frame of mind and attitude as they carry out their farming activities as well as give them financial assistance that will boost their level of production with increased income and in turn lift their social status and general wellbeing.

The negative effect of solving the ‘white bear’ problem with mindfulness: Expansion and reconfirmation of mindfulness profiles based on ironic process theory

Although previous research on trait mindfulness has demonstrated that there are some mixed effects on various outcomes, it is unclear why mindfulness sometimes negatively relates to positive outcomes, contrary to expectations. To address this issue, we draw on ironic process theory to explain why there are distinct effects resulting from trait mindfulness. Specifically, the goals of this study were to reconfirm previous trait mindfulness profiles among Korean blue-collar workers via an ironic process theory framework and test the relationship between trait mindfulness profiles and various outcomes (i.e., work-related, physical and psychological well-being). Two blue-collar worker samples (434 fire fighters and 426 manufacturing workers) were collected. Employees reported their trait mindfulness, work-related variables, physical, and psychological well-being status. We identified four trait mindfulness profiles that represent distinct mind control processes, using latent profile analysis. Moreover, we also found that these profiles differentially predicted employee physical and psychological well-being, such that people using monitoring processes (i.e., those with a judgmentally observing profile) consistently showed a worse well-being status than people using operating processes (i.e., those with a non-judgmentally aware profile). Our study provided theoretical understanding of mindfulness profiling research as well as reconfirming its existence and consequence in Korean working contexts.

Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine in relation to psychological wellbeing among a sample of university students in Vietnam

Background and aimsNowadays, there are contradicting opinions about the benefits and risks of COVID-19 vaccine, which lead to the hesitance among recipients to receive the vaccine. This study aims to evaluate the university student’s attitude toward COVID-19 vaccine, preventative measure, and status of their psychological wellbeing.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study among Vietnamese students aged ≥ 18 years to evaluate their willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine, psychological wellbeing status, and preventive measure compliance. The participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire via Google Form. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed with p < 0.05 being considered as statistically significant.ResultsA total of 2998 randomly selected participants in Vietnam completed the questionnaire with participants’ mean age of 20.26 pm 1.84. The mean score for the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination was 46.13 pm 19.03 (the highest point was 54). Regarding preventative measures, the mean score of compliance was 7.15 pm 1.98 over a 10 points scale and “being vaccinated or not” did not affect their compliance. 56.94% participants were having normal psychological wellbeing at the time of survey and rest 43.06% reported to have experienced stress, varying from slight to severe level. There might be a trend that those studying medicine or those with higher educational level had higher rate of stress than others.ConclusionThe study showed a positive result of Vietnamese students’ willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and compliance towards preventive measures. Besides, we also reported that almost half participants had experienced stress during the pandemic. Developing proper interventions to deal with factors contributing to psychological wellbeing and related problems are essential to deal with and overcome the pandemic or post-pandemic struggles.

Psychological Well-Being of Mental Health Nurses in the Time of Covid 19: Systematic Literature Review

&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;During the COVID-19 pandemic, the psychological well-being of nurses is at stake. As nurses, especially mental health nurses, the stressful environment around day-to-day care and additional work in addition to nursing care and inaccuracies in how to cope with problems that arose during the pandemic, left mental health nurses psychologically burdened. The research method used in this study is a systematic approach adopted for the literature review. Databases searched include&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; SCIENCE DIRECT, SCOPUS, SPINGERLINK, TAYLOR &amp;amp; FRANCIS, and WILEY. The search was conducted from September 2022 to December 2022. Strict criteria were given that the study must examine the psychological well-being status of mental health nurses during COVID-19; It must be stated that the mental health nurse in question is a nurse who works in mental health services, including in hospitals and communities; using quantitative and qualitative methods as well as mix methods must be published in English: and the required studies were published in March 2020 to 2022. All 10 articles were included in the review to be assessed for quality. For data analysis, a deductive approach is carried out according to the theory of psychological well-being, and content analysis is carried out, namely grouping categories after the integration of quantitative evidence, qualitative, mixed methods, and then categorial synthesis is carried out. The results of this study stated that the initial search resulted in a total of 7,752 publications, ultimately resulting in 10 studies reviewed, in the form of 6 quantitative studies, 3 mixed methods studies, and 1 qualitative study. Six (6) categories are arranged according to Ryff's theory of psychological well-being: autonomy, environmental mastery, self-development, positive relationships with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. The studies reviewed show that the efforts made by mental health nurses in providing nursing care in accordance with COVID-19 prevention and control programs have shown success in maintaining the psychological well-being status of mental nurses&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keyword: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;COVID-19, Nurse Mental Health, Psychological well-being&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Joint exposure to positive affect, life satisfaction, broad depression, and neuroticism and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A prospective cohort study

Background and aimsPsychologic wellbeing can impact cardiovascular health. We aimed to evaluate the joint association of multiple psychologic wellbeing factors with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and examine whether this association was modified by genetic susceptibility. MethodsIn the UK Biobank, 126,255 participants free of CVD (coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and heart failure [HF]) at baseline, who completed a questionnaire on psychological factors, were included. The psychological wellbeing score was calculated by four factors: happiness, life satisfaction, broad depression, and neuroticism. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between the psychological wellbeing score and CVD risk. ResultsDuring the median follow-up of 11.5 years, 10,815 participants had newly diagnosed CVDs. Low life satisfaction, the presence of depression, and neuroticism score ≥1 were significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD in the multivariable-adjusted model. Through decreasing the psychological wellbeing score, there were significant increasing linear trends in the risk of CVD, CHD, stroke, and HF (all p for trend < 0.001). Participants with the lowest psychological wellbeing score had the highest risk for CVD (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.42–1.61). Women were more susceptible to worse psychological wellbeing status for CVD than men (p for interaction = 0.009). The associations of the psychological wellbeing score with CVD were consistent across genetic risk (p for interaction >0.05). When considered jointly, participants exposed to high-risk psychological wellbeing and genetic status had a 2.70-fold (95% CI 2.25–3.24) risk for CHD. ConclusionsJoint exposure to multiple psychological wellbeing factors was associated with increased risks of incident CVD in an additive manner, regardless of genetic susceptibility.

The practice of psychological well-being education model for poor university students from the perspective of positive psychology.

Poor university students are a special group. Social development provides many positive factors for poor university students’ personality and psychological development, but negative factors are also accompanied by them, which affect the psychological health of poor university students. University students are in a period of rapid physical and mental development, and it is an important issue that colleges and universities need to solve psychological well-being education. We hope to find out the aspects that can be studied in the irregularity of various factors that affect college students’ mental health. BP neural network is a typical model of artificial neural network. Based on the BP algorithm and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the psychological well-being prediction system for poor university students, this paper systematically summarizes the concept of psychological well-being, the factors that affect psychological well-being, and the related research done by predecessors on psychological well-being. Using the international psychological well-being scale SCL-90 to comprehensively consider the psychological well-being status of poor university students and select the optimized BP algorithm to establish a psychological well-being prediction model, and implement it and compare it with other models to reflect its superiority. Data were collected and analyzed by means of a questionnaire. The regression model was used to analyze the relationship between mindfulness, rumination and psychological well-being. The mediation index fitted by the model reached 0.9. The model can reflect the real situation of the data, that is, rumination plays a partial mediating role in the effect of mindfulness on psychological well-being. The introduction of this psychological prediction model into the psychological well-being education of poor university students not only helps to improve the educational concept and expand the educational approach, but also helps to achieve the goal of psychological well-being education for poor university students, thereby promoting the improvement of the psychological quality of poor university students.

Joint Exposure to Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Neuroticism and Incident Type 2 Diabetes.

Whether the psychological wellbeing status could be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes is unclear. We aimed to measure the association between combined psychological wellbeing factors and type 2 diabetes and investigate whether this association was modified by genetic predisposition. Prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank. In total, 127 496 participants who completed a psychological wellbeing questionnaire and did not have type 2 diabetes at baseline (2006-2010) were included; among them, 88 584 (69.5%) were analyzed to determine their genetic predisposition. The main outcome measure was incident type 2 diabetes. During the median follow-up of 10.0 years, 2547 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented. Moderate to extreme unhappiness, satisfaction score ≤3, presence of broad depression, and a neuroticism score ≥3 were all significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of diabetes. When considered as a combination indicator, compared with individuals in the highest quartile of the psychological wellbeing score, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of type 2 diabetes were 1.41 (1.21-1.65) in the third quartile, 1.45 (1.24-1.69) in the second quartile, and 1.73 (1.48-2.01) in the lowest quartile. In the stratified analysis, we observed significant interactions between age and physical activity, and type 2 diabetes (Pinteraction < .001 and 0.049, respectively). However, there was no significant interaction between the psychological wellbeing score and genetic susceptibility to diabetes (Pinteraction = .980). Worse overall psychological wellbeing was associated with a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes in a dose-response fashion regardless of genetic predisposition.

Psychological well being of social media users: A structural equation modeling analysis

Social media has positive and negative impacts on human life. Even though negative impacts have been identified, positive impacts are rarely studied in the literature. The identification of positive impacts will be useful for preventing health issues among social media users. Therefore, the study is intended to investigate the psychological well-being status of the social media population. The study used a cross-sectional design with a purposive sampling method. The analysis used structural equational modeling to answer the research question of the study. The results showed the psychological well-being of social media users is at normal levels with mild stress. The influencing factors influencing the finding are sex and education. Health promotion is fundamental to improving the outcomes and vice versa, decreasing the risk factors of mental disorders. Interventional studies are needed to prevent distress in the future.&#x0D; Keywords: social media; psychological well-being; mental health nurses; nursing assessment; community practice

PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING PERAWAT IGD RUMAH SAKIT JIWA DALAM MASA TUGAS COVID-19: STUDI FENOMENOLOGI

The COVID-19 pandemic experienced by people around the world has resulted in an increase in the number of patients and stressors for nurses in Mental Hospital Emergency Departments, and is exacerbated by the condition of mental patients who are unable to communicate properly. The quality of patient care in the ER is determined by the availability of the 5M element where nurses as a human element in the COVID-19 pandemic situation require more attention regarding psychological wellbeing. Psychological wellbeing of good nurses will have a positive impact on nursing services in the ER mental hospital. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and feelings of psychologic wellbeing of Surakarta mental hospital emergency room nurses during the COVID-19 period. The research method used a qualitative design on the emergency room nurse mental hospital used Colaizzi analysis method. The results of the analysis of the participant interviews obtained seven themes, namely the meaning of psychological wellbeing (feeling happy, grateful to accept one's own condition, comfortable, useful and productive), Feelings during the COVID-19 pandemic (feelings at the beginning of the pandemic and current feelings), How to adapt during the COVID-19 pandemic. -19 (increased self-readiness, mutual care and support for fellow nurses, fulfillment of facilities and improvement of service systems), Hope for the COVID-19 pandemic (Joking freely and the pandemic will end soon and no health workers will fall), Changes experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic 19 (changes in regulations and culture in the face of a pandemic, changes in methods of studying online), experiences during work (pleasant experiences and bad experiences), families who always support carers (spouses and children and parents), and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic ( towards others and towards family). The conclusion now is that nurses feel more comfortable and calm in carrying out their duties. The nurses had made adaptations to reduce anxiety so as to improve the psychological wellbeing status of the nurses.

Assessment of status of psychological well-being and its determinants among adolescent school students residing in Raipur city, Chhattisgarh

Background: Psychological well-being is a multidimensional concept, including both individual capacities of the adolescents and social competencies. Good overall adjustment and a sense of psychological well-being are very crucial factors for the adolescent’s positive contribution to the society. The objective of this study was to assess the status of psychological well-being and its socio-demographic determinants among adolescent school students of Raipur city.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done on 576 adolescent school students of Raipur city to assess their psychological well-being using Ryff’s scale of psychological well-being along with their socio-demographic characteristics. Association and regression analysis were done.Results: Overall, 79.9% of study subjects were scored as having average psychological well-being followed by 20.1% study subjects having good psychological well-being according to Ryff’s scale. Study subjects with female gender, studying in english medium, private school, following non-state board syllabus, belonging to unreserved category, having educated father or mother, working father or mother, at least one parent working at distant place, residing in joint family whose parents are living together, who gets attended by someone after returning from school are having higher psychological well-being than the other group.Conclusions: Socio-demographic determinants has a significant role to predict the psychological well-being of the study subjects. These determinants are mostly non modifiable displaying the need for integrating key behavioural factors on positive health promotion policies and programs.

Chinese Adolescents’ Conflict with Parents and Its Relationship with Their Psychological Well-Being

This paper investigated 125 Chinese adolescents’ daily conflicts with their parents through blogs within 2 weeks on a platform specifically designed for this study. BSI (Brief Symptom Inventory) scores were also collected to measure their psychological well-being. 3-way ANOVAs (age × gender × BSI group) were conducted on variables of parent-child conflicts (frequency, intensity, resolution, fairness and feelings towards resolution, justification). The main findings are: 1) adolescents from the low-BSI group felt less unfair and upset or depressed to the resolution of the conflicts, compared to those from the high-BSI group. In other words, when adolescents felt more fair and happy to the resolution to the conflicts, they have a healthier status of psychological well-being; 2) frequency and intensity of conflicts in general had no significant correlation with adolescents’ psychological well-being, but there is an interaction between gender and BSI score on intensity; 3) there is a significant difference between low- and high-BSI groups in conflicts concerning personal issues or choices, which indicates low-BSI group (with a higher level of psychological well-being) negotiated more on personal issues with their parents; 4) there is an interaction between adolescents’ age and BSI in personal justification and an interaction between gender and BSI in psychological justification. Implications and suggestions on education related to adolescents’ psychological well-beings are discussed.

Spatial pattern of well-being in Tehran: The north-south gap

Background: Human well-being is a core global issue. Thus, achieving and sustaining higher levels of well-being is a challenge for citizens, governments, and international organizations worldwide. The present study aimed at describing the well-being status of residents of Tehran municipal districts. To achieve this, a composite well-being index was constructed for 22 municipal districts of Tehran (Tehran Well-being Index; TWI). Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from May to October 2017 in Tehran using the data collected in the second round of Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) Project of Tehran (2012-2013). The statistical population of this study was 22 municipal districts of Tehran and a sample of 34 700 households (118 000 individuals) selected using multistage cluster sampling. TWI was developed through the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) methodology of constructing composite indicators. Then, 22 municipal districts were categorized based on TWI scores. All data were analyzed using SPSS v.18. In addition, a cartogram was applied using GIS software to classify well-being status among Tehran municipal districts. Results: Factor analysis results showed that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.691 and 2 factors (material well-being and psychological well-being) explained 74.13% of the total variances. Furthermore, the best and worst performances were found in districts 6 and 17, respectively. District 6 had the best and district 17 the worst material well-being status. Also, districts 6 and 19 had the best and worst psychological well-being status, respectively. Conclusion: In general, the well-being status of the municipal districts of Tehran can be divided into 5 main categories: (a) prosperous (districts 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6); (b) fairly prosperous (districts 4, 21, and 22); (C) moderately prosperous (districts 7, 8, and 13); (d) less prosperous (9, 10, 11, 14, and 12); and (e) deprived zone (districts 12, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19).

Spatial pattern of well-being in Tehran: The north-south gap

Background: Human well-being is a core global issue. Thus, achieving and sustaining higher levels of well-being is a challenge for citizens, governments, and international organizations worldwide. The present study aimed at describing the well-being status of residents of Tehran municipal districts. To achieve this, a composite well-being index was constructed for 22 municipal districts of Tehran (Tehran Well-being Index; TWI). Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from May to October 2017 in Tehran using the data collected in the second round of Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) Project of Tehran (2012-2013). The statistical population of this study was 22 municipal districts of Tehran and a sample of 34 700 households (118 000 individuals) selected using multistage cluster sampling. TWI was developed through the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) methodology of constructing composite indicators. Then, 22 municipal districts were categorized based on TWI scores. All data were analyzed using SPSS v.18. In addition, a cartogram was applied using GIS software to classify well-being status among Tehran municipal districts. Results: Factor analysis results showed that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.691 and 2 factors (material well-being and psychological well-being) explained 74.13% of the total variances. Furthermore, the best and worst performances were found in districts 6 and 17, respectively. District 6 had the best and district 17 the worst material well-being status. Also, districts 6 and 19 had the best and worst psychological well-being status, respectively. Conclusion: In general, the well-being status of the municipal districts of Tehran can be divided into 5 main categories: (a) prosperous (districts 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6); (b) fairly prosperous (districts 4, 21, and 22); (C) moderately prosperous (districts 7, 8, and 13); (d) less prosperous (9, 10, 11, 14, and 12); and (e) deprived zone (districts 12, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19).

Physical and Mental Health Status of Adolescents of Government Juvenile Development Centers in Bangladesh

Gradual rising of crime among adolescents is now a social and public health concern worldwide. A total of 1.9 million children getting incarcerated worldwide yearly where in Bangladesh, 1.3 million of children engaged in hazardous job most of them involved in crime. Again, physical and mental well-being is the legal and constitutional rights of the every adolescent including detained adolescent of Juvenile Development Centers. This is a cross-sectional study conducted to assess the physical and mental health status as well as socio-demographic status of adolescents of two Government Juvenile Development Center, Tongi and Konabari, Gazipur from January to December 2017. 191 adolescents were selected purposively (male: female=1.41:1). Data were collected by face to face interview and record review and height and weight of the respondents were measured. The mental health status was measured by WHO-5 Well-being Scale. The age range was from 13 to 17 years. Age of the respondents were significantly correlated with score of the WHO-5 well-being scale (p=0.028). The study observed higher score among respondents who had detained here for more than 2 months which was highly significant (p&lt;0.001). Most of the respondents (75.9%) belong to poor family. The mean score of the WHO-5 well-being scale of the respondent was 52.20±10.0, where 35.1% had good and 64.9% had poor psychological well-being status and higher among male respondents (52.92±10.40) than the female respondents (51.29±9.45). The respondents who were employee prior to this institution had significantly high score (p=0.024). A significant relationship was observed between type of crime and the score of WHO-5 well-being scale (p=0.003). The mean body mass index was 20.26±1.27 kg/m2. Almost every respondent (92.7%) belongs to normal nutritional category. Well-being score of the respondents was significantly increased with the body mass index (p=0.005). This study revealed score of WHO-5 well-being scale was significantly associated with duration of stay of the respondents (p&lt;0.001, R=0.540). Thus this study provides prevalence of mental health status and nutritional status as well as socio-demographic condition of adolescents of Government Juvenile Development Centre in Bangladesh which may provide the Government, sociologists and psychologists valid and reliable data for making plans and policies for improving or updating the living conditions of detainee of Juvenile development Centre.&#x0D; Bangladesh Med J. 2018 May; 47 (2): 7-11

Social support and psychological well-being among office employees of an MNC company in New Delhi

The effect of mental health issues in the working environment has genuine results for the person as well as for the efficiency of the endeavor. Employee performance, absenteeism, rates of illness, staff turnover and accidents are all affected by employees’ psychological well-being status. 42.5% of corporate workers in India experience the ill effects of depression [WHO]. The rate of depression and anxiety among corporate representatives has expanded by 45-50 percent in the vicinity of 2008 and 2015 (WHO). India represents about 18% of the total populace. The present paper explores the social support and well being as experienced by corporate workers. Their implications in today’s globalization scenario, work output, productivity, efficiency is elaborated upon in the backdrop of investments in human capital

Disempowered midwives and traumatised women: Exploring the parallel processes of care provider interaction that contribute to women developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) post childbirth

BackgroundAround 4% of women develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post Childbirth (PTSD-PC). During childbirth a woman’s perception of her care provider’s interpersonal verbal and nonverbal relationship behaviours, termed ‘Quality of Provider Interaction’ are significantly associated with the development of PTSD-PC. AimsTo understand how women who develop PTSD-PC and midwives, experience their interactions during care provision. In particular, how they feel during their interactions and what this means to them. MethodsThe qualitative method of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis that incorporates a reflective approach, was used to gain deep understanding of the lived experience of care provider interaction. Six women who met full diagnostic criteria for PTSD-PC and six midwives who provided intrapartum care, participated in individual face-to-face interviews. ResultsTwo key findings were identified: 1) Failing to recognise and meet the human needs of both women and midwives, results in poor quality interactions from midwives and poor perception of care provider interaction by women; 2) The study groups of women and midwives both identified the quality of their relationship as central to positive interactions. Recommendations for practice(1) Raise the status of psychological wellbeing for childbearing women and make it of equal importance to physical wellbeing, with clear focus upon care provider interaction; (2) Create a midwife centred system that enables midwives to provide optimal care provider interaction and improve relationship-based care; and (3) Challenge underlying toxic cultures that currently persist in the maternity services system, which undermine the work of midwives and consequently the experience of women. ConclusionFailure to recognise and meet the human and relationship needs of both childbearing women and midwives contributes to poor care provider interactions offered by midwives and negative perceptions of care provider interactions by women. In response, NHS maternity services need to highlight the importance of the quality of care provider interaction alongside perinatal psychological wellbeing. This requires improved working environments for midwives, so they can optimise their quality of interaction with childbearing women. This will in turn impact upon the incidence and levels of trauma and PTSD-PC experienced by women.

Methamphetamine Dependence Among Iranian Female Methadone Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Three Cities of Iran

Background: Methamphetamine (MA) dependence is a health concern in Iran (Persia). One main impacted group is female methadone patients. Objectives: The aim of this paper was to briefly report the prevalence of MA dependence among female methadone patients in 3 large cities of Iran. The other aim was to report the status of psychological well-being and social functioning among MA-dependent and non-MA dependent participants. Methods: In the first survey of Iran, 570 females were recruited from 38 main methadone clinics in Mashhad, Karaj, and Isfahan. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used to collect baseline demographics, details of MA use, and treatment history. Results: Of them, 266 females were MA-dependent. In other words, the prevalence of MA dependence among females was 46.6%. The length of MA dependence was 5 years. The adverse health impacts of high doses of methadone use were the main self-reported reasons for MA dependence. These adverse health impacts included depression (n = 118, 44.36%), oversleeping (n = 88, 33.08%), and low physical energy to do the housework (n = 60, 22.55%). However, lifetime MA treatment was only 25%. The prevalence of MA dependence was significantly associated with poor psychological well-being (P < 0.01) and social dysfunction (P < 0.01) among MA dependent females compared with non-MA dependent females. Conclusions: Methamphetamine dependence was common and associated with serious health problems. Special treatment services should be provided for these females.

Changes in physical activity and screen time related to psychological well-being in early adolescence: findings from longitudinal study ELANA.

BackgroundPsychological well-being influences health behaviours differently in adolescent boys and girls. We evaluated the role of psychological well-being in early adolescence in the onset and persistence of insufficient physical activity and exceeding recommended screen time, depending on gender.MethodsThis work derives from a cohort study called Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Nutritional Assessment conducted among elementary school students from two public and four private schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 2010–2013. We analysed data from 2010 and 2012 from 526 adolescents. Physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Those who performed less than 60 min per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were classified as insufficiently active. Screen time was evaluated based on daily time spent in front of television, video games, and computers. Those who had 4 h or more screen time per day were classified as exceeding the recommended time. Psychological well-being was assessed using the psychological domain of the KIDSCREEN 27 questionnaire. Linear regression was used to estimate coefficient (β) and r2 values for continuous variables. Relative risks (RR) and confidence intervals (95 % CI) for onset and persistence of insufficient activity and exceeding recommended screen time were estimated with Poisson regression models.ResultsAmong girls, linear regression analyses showed a significant inverse association between psychological well-being and screen minutes per day at T2 (r2 = 0.049/β = −3.81 (95 % CI −7.0, −0.9)), as well as an association between poor psychological well-being and onset of exceeding recommended screen time in categorical analyses (RR crude: 1.3; CI 95 % 1.1, 1.7; RR adjusted: 1.3; CI 95 % 1.0, 1.6). For boys, an association was found between psychological well-being and onset of insufficient activity 2 years later (RR crude: 1.3; CI 95 % 1.2, 1.4; RR adjusted: 1.2; CI 95 % 1.1, 1.4).ConclusionAdolescence is crucial for the development of unhealthy behaviours related to psychological well-being status in the context of a middle-income country. Gender differences are important because poor psychological well-being seems to affect sedentary behaviour in girls more than in boys, and predicts insufficient activity among boys.

Stress and Psychological Well-being: An Explanatory Study of the Iranian Female Adolescents

Objective: Female adolescents are suffering a higher prevalence of psychological disorder such as depression, anxiety and stress. Also they have high prevalent poor dietary behaviors and physical inactivity especially in low income countries. This study aimed to measure students’ stress and psychological well-being status among sample female adolescents among a sample of girls in an Islamic country. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 289 female students in the ninth grades randomly selected high school students in Tabriz, Iran. Numerous psychological variables including general health status, happiness, self-efficacy, perceived stress, hopefulness and life satisfaction were measured by using selfreport written questionnaires. Results: It was found that an inversely significant relation exists between stress and psychological well-being (r = -0.68). Findings also indicated that students, who had good relation with teachers, had 54% less probability of low psychological well-being than those who had not. No causal inferences were drawn due to non-experimental nature of the study. Conclusion: This study concluded that the prevalence rates of mental disorders and stress reported for high school females of Iran, Thus there it is needed to develop effective strategies to promote psychological well-being and stress management, especially for female adolescence.

Happiness and its relation to psychological well-being of adolescents.

In the present decade, adolescents' mental problems are known as critical problems which have many destructive consequences. This study aimed to measure students' happiness and psychological well-being status in a sample of high school students. The cross sectional study consisted of 403 randomly selected high school students in Tabriz, Iran. Numerous variables including general health status, happiness, self-efficacy, perceived stress, hopefulness and life satisfaction were measured by using self-reported written questionnaires. Significant relation observed between happiness and psychological well-being (r=0.48). Those students with good relationship and those who had reported to enjoy attending social events indicated better mental health status. No causal inferences were investigated due to the non-experimental nature of the study. The findings also revealed that students with higher happiness score have a better school performance. Integration of happiness promotion initiatives into the comprehensive school health programs is recommended to have pleasant environments for a healthy population of adolescents.