Software Statistical Package For The Social Sciences Research Articles

Assesment of Pain Management in Chronic Pancreatitis after Lateral Pancreatico Jejunostomy

Background: The main symptom of chronic pancreatitis is pain, which is treated via lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ) to relieve symptoms. Patients with dilated pancreatic ducts and excruciating pain are treated with it. Slowing the disease's course and providing optimal pain relief can be accomplished through surgical decompression of the duct and ductal drainage. Objective: The aim of this study is to assessment of pain management in chronic pancreatitis after lateral pancreatico jejunostomy. Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the department of Surgery, Avicenna hospital limited, Sirajganj, Bangladesh, from October 2022 to September 2023. A total of 90 patients who underwent lateral pancreatico jejunostomy for patients with chronic pancreatitis were included in the study. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, with a range from 20 to 70 years, maximum 36 (40.0%) of the patients were within the age group of 31 - 40 years and minimum 5 (5.6%) of the patients were in the age 61 - 70 years and most of the patients 56 (62.20%) were male and 34 (37.80%) patients were female. Most of the patients 46 (51.1%) came from middle-income families. The majority of respondents had history of smoking 53 (58.90%) and 37 (41.10%) were nonsmoker. The majority of respondents had no history of alcohol intake 66 (73.30%) and 24 (26.70%) were alcoholic. Among total population 58 (64.40%) had diabetes mellitus and 32 (35.6%) did not had diabetes mellitus. Majority of the respondents had upper abdominal pain (100%) followed in decreasing order by nausea/vomiting 68 (75.6%), history of weight loss 61 (67.80%), fatigue 47 (52.2%), fever 37(41.10%), steatorrhoea 35(38.90%), diarrhoea 29(32.20%) and shortness of breath 21(23.30%). Majority of the ..

Pengaruh Service Quality dan User Experience Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan (Studi Kasus Perumahan Givency One)

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of Service Quality and User Experience on Customer Satisfaction (Case Study of Givency One Housing) both directly and indirectly. This research approach is associative. The population was 797 Givency One Housing Customers and the sample was 89 Givency One Housing Customers. Data collection techniques in this research used interview techniques, documentation studies, observations and questionnaires. The data analysis technique in this research uses Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Test, Hypothesis Test (t Test and F Test), and Coefficient of Determination. Data processing in this research used the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software program version 29.00.

Impact of the Treatment-Free Interval on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Early-Stage Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Background: Although the incidence of ovarian cancer is less than that of other female cancers, the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease course is high. Because treatment involves radical surgery and intense courses of chemotherapy, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is often compromised. Most patients recur post-first-line therapy and undergo multiple rounds of chemotherapy. Thus, HRQOL is further disrupted. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess impact of the treatment-free interval on health-related quality of life in patients with early-stage serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Gynecological Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. A total 38 women with histopathologically confirmed serous epithelial ovarian cancer were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups according to their mutation status; patients with BRCA mutation were Exposed Group and those without BRCA mutation as Unexposed Group. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, maximum study subjects 26 (68.4%) were in >45 years age group and 12 (31.6%) were in ≤45 years age group. Mean age of the study subjects was 52.43±4.22 years and majority of the patients 29 (76.3%) were literate and 9 (23.7%) were illiterate. About 25 (65.8%) respondents had family history of breast / ovarian cancer and 11 (28.9%) had no family history of breast / ovarian cancer. Majority 20 (52.6%) respondents underwent Primary Debulking Surgery as primary treatment modality, whereas 18 (47.4%) did not receive Primary Debulking Surgery and majority respondents 21 (55.3%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery, whereas 19 (44.7%) ..........

Arthroscopic Scaphoid Bone Graft Combined with Percutaneous Fixation versus Open Scaphoid Fixation with Non Vascularized Graft in Scaphoid Non-Union

Abstract Background Consensus about Management of scaphoid nonunion is controversial, many procedures have been described. This study compares between 2 modalities for management of scaphoid nonunion either arthroscopic scaphoid bone grafting from iliac bone combined with percutaneous fixation versus open scaphoid fixation and non-vascularized bone graft from iliac bone in management of scaphoid nonunion to identify if one technique is better as regards union rate, time to union and functional outcome. Patients and Methods A prospective randomized control trial held to recruit the patients between September 2019 and December 2020 between open grafting group (group O) for scaphoid non union (15 patient) and arthroscopic group (group A) ( 15 patients), randomization was done by using computerized random allocation. The mean follow up was 17.2 months(12- 24 months). We evaluated the results as regards union rate, time to union, complications, grip strength functional outcome according to disability of arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (DASH) score and modified mayo wrist score (MMWS). We analyzed the results by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 25. Results union rate for group A was 100 % with time to union mean of 9.73 weeks (±2.4 weeks), union rate for group O was 93.33% with time to union mean of11.64 weeks(±1.82 weeks) which was significantly faster to union for group A(p value<0.05) . The open group showed significantly less operative time, the mean operative time was59.2 min±11.01, 90.6min±11.77 for group O and group A respectively. Grip strength, range of motion, VAS, MMWS and DASH score improved post operative for both groups with no statistical difference between them with comparable complication rate. Conclusion arthroscopic grafting technique for scaphoid non unions showed comparable results as regard union rate, complications, range of motion and functional outcomes with significantly faster time to union however, significantly longer operative time.

Pengaruh Inovasi Layanan dan Kualitas terhadap Keputusan Nasabah Menabung pada PT BPRS Al-Washliyah Medan

This research aims to determine the influence of service innovation and quality on customers' decisions to save at PT BPRS Al-Washliyah Medan, both partially and simultaneously. This research uses an associative approach. The population taken was all PT BPRS customers, with a total sample of 100 customers taken using the accidental sampling method. The data collection method uses questionnaires by distributing questionnaires, interviews and direct observation. Data analysis in this research uses Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Test, Hypothesis Testing (t Test and F Test), and Coefficient of Determination. Data processing in this research used the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software program version 29.00. The results of this research partially show that the service innovation variable has a significant effect on customers' decisions to save at PT BPRS Al-Washliyah Medan. The quality variable has a significant effect on customers' decisions to save at PT BPRS Al-Washliyah Medan. Simultaneously, the variables of service innovation and quality have a significant influence on customers' decisions to save at PT BPRS Al-Washliyah Medan.

Pengaruh Digital Payment dan E-Commerce terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif: Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Agama Islam UMSU

Pengaruh Digital Payment dan E-Commerce terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif: Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Agama Islam UMSU This research aims to find out the influence of digital payments and e-commerce on consumer behavior (case study of students at the Umsu Islamic Faculty) both partially and simultaneously. This research approach is associative. The population was 1,215 students and the sample was 92 students. The data collection technique in this research uses a questionnaire technique. The data analysis technique in this research uses Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Test, Hypothesis Test (t Test and F Test), and Coefficient of Determination. Data processing in this research used the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software program version 29.00. Partially, the digital payment variable has a significant effect on consumer behavior. Partially, the e-commerce variable has a significant effect on consumer behavior. Simultaneously, digital payment and e-commerce variables have a significant effect on consumer behavior.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA PT SEMESTANUSTRA DISTRINDO, TANJUNG MORAWA – DELI SERDANG

PT Semestanustra Distrindo, Tanjung Morawa - Deli Serdang is a trading company that sells various kinds of biscuits and snacks. This company sells in the form of consignment sales where consignment is: sales are made by entrusting goods to an outlet that acts as a selling agent but the rights to the goods remain in the hands of the owner until sold. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of product quality on purchasing decisions. The method used in this research is descriptive method, this type of research is quantitative data, primary data obtained through questionnaires. The research population that will be used in the research is all consumers who made purchases from the company during the 2020 period, totaling 204 consumers. Because the population used is 204 consumers, the population will be reduced using the Slovin sampling technique with a confidence level of 95% and an error rate of 5%, where 135 samples are obtained. The analysis technique used is simple linear analysis and statistical tests, namely t-test (partial) using SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences) software. The test results show that product quality partially has a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions.

Pengaruh Pengalaman Kerja terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan pada Bank Syariah PT.Bprs Puduarta Insani Tembung

This research aims to determine the influence of work experience on work discipline at the Sharia Bank PT. BPRS Puduarta Insani Tembung, both partially and simultaneously. This research approach is associative. The population is all employees and the sample is 19 employees. Data collection techniques in this research used interview techniques, documentation studies, observations and questionnaires. The data analysis technique in this research uses Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Test, Hypothesis Test (t Test and F Test), and Coefficient of Determination. Data processing in this research used the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software program version 29.00. Partially, the work experience variable has a significant effect on work discipline at the Sharia Bank PT. BPRS Puduarta Insani Tembung. Simultaneously, the work experience variable has a significant effect on work discipline at Bank Syariah PT. BPRS Puduarta Insani Tembung.

Evolution of Metabolic Syndrome in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Asian-Indian Patients Over the Last 15 Years using Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program, World Health Organization, and International Diabetes Federation Criterion.

A retrospective observational study was undertaken to assess the changing trends in the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Asian-Indian patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) using Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATP III), World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The overall and gender-wise pattern of MetS and its components were also evaluated. Newly diagnosed T2D patients (n = 10,950)visiting Dr Panikar's Diabetes Care Centre from 2004 to 2019 with retrievable electronic medical records were selected. The incidence of MetS in these patients was studied using NCEP-ATP III, WHO, and IDF criteria in three separate timelines, namely, group I (2004-2008), group II (2009-2013), and group III (2014-2019). Overall and gender-wise, the incidence of various components of the MetS was also studied and compared across the three groups. All data were analyzed by using the Statistical Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 10.0. Continuous variables were summarized by the number of observations (mean, standard deviation or median with minimum and maximum) and categorical values (calculating frequencies with percentages). Chi-square was used to estimate the incidence of MetS using different criteria and gender-wise patterns of the MetS components for the three periods. Other variables, such as mean body mass index (BMI), were assessed by applying variance analysis (ANOVA test). All values were reported based on a two-sided ANOVA test, and all the statistical tests were interpreted at a 5% level of significance. In the current study, the overall incidence of MetS observed among the study population was 80.9, 65.4, and 69.8% using NCEP-ATP III, WHO, and IDF criteria, respectively. The incidence of MetS across the three timelines (i.e., from 2004 to 2019) with all the diagnostic criteria showed a steady increase. An analysis of the individual components of MetS revealed a high incidence of central obesity across all subgroups, followed by hypertension and dyslipidemia. Central obesity was prevalent in nearly 85.9% of patients in 2014-2019 vs 78.6% in the 2004-2008 subgroup. Similarly, the incidence of hypertension and overall dyslipidemia [i.e., high triglycerides (TGs) and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)] was 77.8% and 68.2% in the former vs 67.9% and 59.6% in the latter, respectively. The incidence of all three MetS components, along with fasting sugar, showed a statistically significant and progressive increase over the years, with prevalence in group III (2014-2019) being the highest. Women were found to be more centrally obese and more dyslipidemic compared to men, whereas men were found to be more hypertensive. The study shows a high incidence of MetS in Asian-Indian patients with newly diagnosed T2D. The incidence of MetS was significantly higher with the NCEP-ATP III diagnostic criteria than with WHO and IDF criteria. A steady rise in the incidence of MetS was observed over the study period of 2004-2019. Among the components of MetS, the incidence of central obesity, elevated TG levels, and low HDL-C were found to be higher in the female population than in males, whereas the incidence of hypertension was higher in males. Stringent lifestyle measures, along with appropriate pharmacological management, might help mitigate the risks associated with MetS.

The Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Outpatient Dermatology Clinics: A Systematic Review.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition involving a preoccupation with physical appearance disproportionate to physical findings, which are often absent altogether. Previously published data has estimated its prevalence at 11.3-11.9% approximately, across various medical specialties. No recent systematic reviews strictly related to dermatology clinics and the prevalence of BDD have been published. The goal of the review was to gather a pooled prevalence of BDD in outpatient dermatology clinics around the world and further underline the importance of its recognition and appropriate treatment. Twenty-one articles tackling BDD in outpatient cosmetic and general dermatology clinics were selected. Studies were graded based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) was used to a calculate a mean for the pooled prevalence, yielding a weighted mean prevalence of 12.5% among general dermatology patients and 25.01% among cosmetic dermatology patients. The mean prevalence of BDD among general dermatology patients fell within previously reported numbers. It was, however, markedly higher than previously reported in cosmetic dermatology patients, which we postulate could be due to dermatologists being at the forefront of non-invasive cosmetic procedures. As such, we conclude that given the high prevalence of BDD among dermatology patients, we highlight the importance of keeping a high index of suspicion of BDD among dermatologists, ways to uncover it in a clinical setting, and additional data showcasing the importance of psychiatric treatment of these patients for better outcomes, all while avoiding unnecessary interventions.

Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Demokratis dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Kantor Otoritas Bandar Udara Sam Ratulangi Manado

Performance is a result of the actions of employees who have completed a job within the scope of an organization or company. This research aims to examine the influence of employee performance at the Kantor Otoritas Bandar Udara Wilayah VIII Manado through democratic leadership style and work motivation. The sample used was 64 employees. The sampling technique used in this research was saturated sampling. The analysis technique used to answer the hypothesis is multiple linear regression, the processing process is assisted by the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Data collection techniques were obtained from questionnaires. Based on testing, research results show that leadership style and work motivation influence employee performance at the Kantor Otoritas Bandar Udara Wilayah VIII Manado.

Leveraging Social Media Networks' Impact on Technopreneurship

Technology has become an integral part of society, substantially contributing to its many facets. With the advent of technology, media entrepreneurship in Malaysia has expanded significantly. The younger generation, specifically Generation Z, relies heavily on social media for communication, information inquiry, and online purchasing and selling. This change has had a significant impact on the Malaysian field of technopreneurship. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the factors that influence Generation Z's use of social media for business and their propensity to engage in technopreneurship. This is a quantitative study that uses a questionnaire to collect demographic information, factors influencing Generation Z to use social media for business, and their motivations or aspirations to partake in technopreneurship activities. 280 respondents from Generation Z technopreneurs were selected through random sampling. The software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to perform a descriptive analysis of the obtained data. According to the study's findings, each factor has a significant relationship with the motivation to engage in technopreneurship.

Impact of Anti Tubercular Drugs on Biochemical Changes in Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients

Background: The disease tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global health concern, with high rates of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing nations. It affects multiple organs and has the ability to alter metabolic processes. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how patients' serum biochemical markers were affected by tuberculosis and the medications used to treat it. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate impact of anti-tubercular drugs on biochemical changes in newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients. Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Netrokona Medical College Hospital, Netrokona, from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2023. A total of 120 newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled and analyzed in this study. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, majority 48 (40.0%) of the patients were in 31 - 40 years age group and 28 (23.3%) patients were in 41 - 50 years age group, Mean±SD of age was 36.13±11.03 years. Most of the patients 69 (57.50%) were male and 51 (42.50%) patients were female. Most of the patients 87 (72.5%) were in normal range (18.5 – 29.9 kg/m2), 15 (11.7%) of the patients were underweight (<18.5) and 19 (15.8%) of the patients were overweight (>30). Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase level were 18.00 (4.01), 21.04 (3.16) before treatment but after treatment the level became 20.10 (3.52), 22.57 (4.41). Urea and Creatinine level were 18.20 (2.31), 0.63 (0.15) before treatment but after treatment 20.01 (5.34) and 0.53 (0.13). After treatment by anti-tubercular drug gastrointestinal adverse drug effects were nausea 3 (2.5%), vomiting 6 (5.0%), diarrhea 3 (2.5%) and abdominal pain 5 (4.2%), followed by itching ......

Comparison between Highly Sensitive C - Reactive Protein in Subjects with Preeclampsia with Severe Features and Preeclampsia without Severe Features

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) develops in 4-5% of pregnancies in humans. It appears after 20 weeks of gestation and is defined by increased blood pressure and proteinuria. When convulsions occur or the hemolysis, high liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) condition materializes, PE can lead to eclampsia. It is well recognized that eclampsia and HELLP syndrome are linked to serious side effects include liver hemorrhage, lung edema, brain hemorrhage, and renal failure. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare between highly sensitive c- reactive protein in subjects with preeclampsia with severe features and preeclampsia without severe features. Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2023 to December 2023. A total of 68 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, maximum study subjects were in 21 – 30 years age group. Mean age of the study subjects was 26.12 ± 4.02 and 24.04 ± 4.32 years in PE with severe features and PE without severe features respectively. Majority of the patients 27(79.4%) and 25 (73.5%) were housewife in both cases. Illiterate 2 (5.9%), higher secondary 9(26.5%) and graduate 10(29.4%) were higher in PE with severe features than PE without severe features. Most of the patients 25 (73.5%) and 21 (61.8%) came from rural area. Nullipara was higher in PE with severe feature and multigravida was higher in PE without severe features. Antenatal care was found more irregular in PE patients with severe features subjects than PE without severe features. Preterm pregnancy was higher in PE with severe feature than PE without severe features. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found significantly higher in PE patients with severe features than without severe features. hsCRP was found significantly higher in PE with severe features than PE without severe features. APGAR score of the neonate was significantly better of PE patients without severe features than with severe features patients both at birth and at 5 minutes. Average birth weight of the neonate was found higher of the PE patients without severe features than with severe features patients. There was 6(17.6%) very LBW of neonates of PE with severe features patients but none in PE without severe features patients. Intrauterine growth retardation, and prematurity were found higher in PE with severe features patients comparing PE without severe features. Conclusion: Women with PE have higher serum hsCRP levels. Clinical and biochemical markers of PE are linked with elevated serum levels of hsCRP in preeclamptic women. Serum hsCRP levels can be measured to determine the severity of PE.

High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein as an Independent Risk Factor for Preeclampsia with Severe Features

Background: One of the most dangerous complications of pregnancy and a major contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and death is preeclampsia. The goal of the current study was to measure the level of inflammation in severe preeclampsia by measuring serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and establishing a relationship between hs-CRP and blood pressure. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact high sensitivity C-reactive protein as an independent risk factor for preeclampsia with severe features. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 200 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, majority 95 (47.5%) of the patients were in 21 – 30 years age group and 60 (30.00%) patients were in >30 years age group, Mean±SD of age was 27.12 ± 4.12 years. Most of the patients 150 (75.00%) were housewife and 50 (25.00%) patients were service holder. About 55 (27.5) patients were completed their graduation, 50 (25.00%) were completed higher secondary and 20 (10) were illiterate, most of the patients 145 (72.5%) came from rural area and 55(27.5) patients came from urban area. Nullipara was found in 75 (37.5%) patients and multigravida was found in most of the patients 110 (55.00%). Antenatal care was found irregular in 105 (52.5%) patients. Preterm pregnancy was found in majority 145 (72.5%) of the patients. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found higher and hsCRP was also found higher in PE with severe features. APGAR score was found less in 65 (32.5%) neonate at birth and APGAR score was found good in 55 (27.5%) neonate at 5 minutes. Average birth weight was found in 75 (37.5%) neonates, LBW was found in 85 (42.5) neonates and very LBW was found in 40 (20.00%) neonates of PE with severe features patients. Intrauterine growth retardation and prematurity were found in 75 (37.5%) and 20 (10.00%) neonates, admission to NICU was needed for 45 (22.5%) neonates, birth asphyxia was found in 15 (7.5%) neonates and stillbirth was occured in 35 (17.5%) cases. Conclusion: An exaggerated systemic inflammatory response, which may produce reactive oxygen species and worsen endothelial dysfunction, is present in preeclampsia. Clinical signs of hypertension and proteinuria in preeclampsia result from this. Preeclampsia-related maternal mortality and systemic complications may be reduced with early identification. hsCRP may therefore be a valuable gauge of preeclampsia severity.

The Influence Of Work-Life Balance On Employee Performance At Hotel Four Points By Sheraton Medan

The purpose of this research is to comprehend and analyze the influence of work-life balance on employee performance at Four Points by Sheraton Medan. This study employs an associative approach method. The population for this research encompasses all employees at Four Points by Sheraton Medan, with a sample size of 51 respondents determined using the Slovin's formula. This research utilizes both primary and secondary data sources. The data analysis techniques applied in this study consist of simple linear regression analysis, the t-test of hypotheses, and the Coefficient of Determination. Data processing was conducted using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software version 25.00. Based on the data analysis results, a simple regression equation model was obtained as Y = 24.164 + 0.461 X, indicating a positive influence of work-life balance on employee performance. Furthermore, from the results of the t-test analysis, a significant value of 0.002 < 0.05 was obtained, indicating that work-life balance significantly affects employee performance at Four Points by Sheraton Medan.

Central Corneal Thickness and Endothelial Cell Changes in Diabetics and Age-Matched Non-diabetics in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India.

Background Diabetes has become an epidemic, significantly impacting ocular health as one of its end-organ responses. Among the various ocular complications, alterations in corneal morphology stand out. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell function are vital parameters in assessing intraocular pressure, conducting pre-refractive surgery evaluations, and maintaining corneal transparency. Understanding these changes in diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetics is crucial for managing ocular health in this population. Aim and objective This study evaluates and compares CCT and endothelial cell changes between diabetic individuals and age-matched non-diabetics. By analyzing these parameters, the study seeks to provide insights into the impact of diabetes on corneal morphology and its implications for ocular health. Methods The study recruited 124 patients from the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department (OPD) at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH), Sawangi. A cross-sectional research design was employed to collect data over six months. Patients were carefully selected, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. CCT and endothelial cell parameters were assessed using specular microscopy, a non-invasive imaging technique. Statistical analysis was done using the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for inferential statistics, such as t-tests and ANOVA, and comparing parameters between diabetic and non-diabetic groups.Findings were interpreted based on both statistical significance and clinical relevance. Results In diabetic patients, the mean CCT was 547.91 µm, while it was 523.62 µm in non-diabetic individuals.The T statistic for this variable was 5.14, indicating a17 significant differencebetween the two groups. Similarly, significant differences were found between diabetics and non-diabetics for endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation, and hexagonality, as evidenced by their respective T statistics of 7.46, 5.17, and 4.91. Endothelial cell density averaged 2375 cells/mm2 in diabetics and 2666.95 cells/mm2 in non-diabetics. Additionally, the coefficient of variation was higher among people with diabetes (40.87%) compared to non-diabetics (35.09%). Hexagonality, a measure of endothelial cell shape, was lower in diabetic corneas (40.48%) than in non-diabetic corneas (46.46%). Conclusion The study observed significant differences in corneal morphology, including central thickness and endothelial cell changes, between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. These findings underscore the impact of diabetes on ocular health and emphasize the importance of monitoring corneal parameters in diabetic patients. Understanding these changes can aid in better management and treatment strategies for ocular complications associated with diabetes.

Pengaruh Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian

PT. Gunung Sawit Mas (GSM) is a limited liability company engaged in manufacturing Palm Oil (CPO). CPO is an abbreviation of Crude Palm Oil. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on purchasing decisions at PT. Mount Sawit Mas. The method used in this research is descriptive method, this type of research is quantitative data, primary data obtained through questionnaires. The research population that will be used in this research is all consumers who make purchases from companies totaling 137 consumers (similar palm oil companies). Because the population used is 137 consumers, the population will be reduced using the Slovin sampling technique with a confidence level of 95% and an error rate of 5%, where 102 samples are obtained. The analysis technique used is simple linear analysis and statistical tests, namely t-test (partial) using SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences) software. The test results show that Customer Relationship Management has a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions at PT. Mount Sawit Mas.

The Role of HPV Genotype among Colposcopy Diagnosed Cervical Precancerous Lesions

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death and a major contributor to reduced life expectancy in every country on Earth [1]. Cervical cancer (CC) is a serious global health concern that is more common in developing countries, especially those on the Indian subcontinent. More and more women are suffering from CC. Cervical cancer is mostly caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus that is one of the most common illnesses of the reproductive system. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of HPV genotype among colposcopy diagnosed cervical precancerous lesions. Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Gynecological Oncology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from July 2021 to June 2022. A total of 132 subjects were included in the study. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, the mean age was found to be 36.7±6.3 years, with a range from 31 to 60 years, the majority 53 (40.2%) of patients completed SSC and 118 (89.4%) were housewives and 125(94.7%) were Muslims. In this study most of the patients 101 (76.5%) came from middle-income families. About 45 (34.1%) patients were married between the ages of 15-17 years, 45 (34.1%) were between 16-18 years during their first delivery and 56 (42.4%) had 3-4 children. Most of the patients 92(69.7%) had history of received OCP. About 10(7.0%) patients were found HPV 16 positive followed by 1(0.7%) HPV 18, 3(2.1%) other HR-HPV, 3(2.1%) HPV 16 & other HR-HPV and 1(0.7%) HPV 16-HPV 18 & other HR-HPV. Most of the 95 (72.0%) patients had CIN I, 30 (22.7%) had CIN II and 7 (5.3%) had CIN III identification by colposcopy reports. In this study 59 (44.7%) patients had CIN I followed by 13 (9.8%) had CIN II, 9 (6.8%) had CIN III, 5 (3.8%) had CIS and 46 (34.8%) ..

Diagnostic Performance between Colposcopy Findings and Histopathology Reports

Background: Cervical cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide. With appropriate screening, the condition can be prevented and treated. Colposcopy is a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of precancerous cervical lesions following primary screening. The gold standard for identifying precancerous lesions is histopathology. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance between colposcopy findings and histopathology reports Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Colposcopy Clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 62 subjects were included in the study. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, the mean age was found to be 36.8±11.9 years, with a range from 20 to >51 years maximum 44 (71.0%) of the patients were within the age group of 20 - 40 years. The majority 37 (59.7%) of patients completed SSC and most of the patients 56 (90.3%) were housewives. Most of the patients 59 (95.2%) were Muslims and about 32 (51.6%) came from middle-income families. About 25 (40.3%) patients were married between the ages of 15-17 years. About 25 (40.3%) were between 16-18 years during their first delivery and about 26 (41.9%) had 3-4 children and 21 (33.9%) had more than 4 children. Most of the patients 43(69.4%) had history of received OCP. Regarding colposcopic diagnosis, 12.9% (n=8) were normal, 69.4% (n=43) were CIN I, 9.7% (n=6) were CIN II and 8.1% (n=5) were CIN III and 30.6% (n=19) chronic cervicitis, 46.8% (n=29) CIN I, 6.5% (n=4) CIN II, 6.5% (n=4) CIN III, 4.8% (n=3) carcinoma in situ and 4.8% (n=3) were invasive squamous cell carcinoma by the histopathological diagnosis. Conclusion: Colposcopy had a rather high diagnostic accuracy for histopathologically verified precancerous cervical lesions. Even if the results of the screening tests are normal, patients who report with postcoital and postmenopausal bleeding should have colposcopies and biopsies. Colposcopy also has a high sensitivity, therefore it is simple to use the "see and treat" approach to lower dropout rates.