Static magnetic field assists corn germination: Changes in nutritional composition and improvement of functional properties.

• Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Fe doped La–A–Ca manganite were studied. • A one-dimensional AMR model was developed and validated using Gd as reference. • Key operating parameters controlling AMR performance were identified and analyzed. Active magnetic regeneration is a key enabling technology for extending the operating temperature span of magnetic refrigeration systems across a wide temperature range. In this work, the thermodynamic performance of an active magnetic regenerator (AMR) based on L a 0.65 A 0.25 C a 0.1 M n 0.99 F e 0.01 O 3 manganite oxides is investigated using a one-dimensional numerical model. The model incorporates experimentally determined magnetocaloric properties derived from isothermal magnetization and heat capacity measurements, allowing a system-level assessment of the cooling performance. Gadolinium is used as a reference material to validate the numerical approach, with its magnetocaloric properties obtained from a mean-field theory description. The results indicate that, due to their moderate magnetocaloric response, the studied manganite oxides require relatively high magnetic fields ( 7 T) to reach cooling performances comparable to those achieved by gadolinium under permanent-magnet fields. Nevertheless, owing to their broad operating temperature range, these materials are capable of generating an AMR temperature span of approximately 30 - 40 K under a magnetic field of 2 T. These results highlight the thermodynamic trade-offs between magnetic field strength, temperature span, and material properties that govern AMR operation, and provide insight into the realistic potential and limitations of manganite-based materials for regenerative magnetic refrigeration systems.

Correlation of prompt gamma distribution and dose curve in a static magnetic field of an MRI-guided proton therapy system: A Monte Carlo study

Abstract Background Visualising magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) clusters is important for inductive moderate hyperthermia (IMH) as their formation influences mechanical force transduction and heat generation in malignant tumours. An applied inhomogeneous stationary magnetic field (ISMF) can direct the arrangement of MNP clusters and the force exerted on cancer cells. Herein, we analysed MNP cluster formation and changes in mechanical properties using digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) for a breast phantom containing MCF-7 breast cancer cells under the influence of IMH with ISMF. Results Texture analysis of the tumour-mimicking region revealed that ISMF induced a 13% increase in fractal dimension and a twofold decrease in lacunarity of MNP clusters on DBT images, as well as a 20% decrease in lacunarity of apparent stiffness within fixed regions of interest on SWE images, as compared with non-targeted MNPs (p < 0.05). While the addition of MNPs increased the maximum temperature in the tumour-mimicking region only by 1.3 °C, it led to a 3.8-fold decrease in lacunarity and a 10% increase in fractal dimension on thermal images, as well as an 87% lower fraction of viable MCF-7 cells than IMH with ISMF (p < 0.05). We also considered the clinical relevance for breast cancer patients, given that the heat-pain threshold (~ 42 °C) is close to the temperatures observed during IMH, whereas the forces generated by ISMF remain below typical pressure-pain thresholds. Conclusions ISMF initiated a more uniform spatial distribution of MNP clusters, altering the SWE-derived apparent stiffness and temperature patterns in the tumour-mimicking region. While causing only a moderate temperature increase (< 42 °C), IMH combination with ISMF and MNPs significantly reduced MCF-7 viability, indicating the additional role of magneto-mechanical effects.

The dimensionality and size effects in magnetic-dielectric composite governs a fundamental trade-off between the intrinsic functionality and external tunability, which critically constrains the development of high-performance electromagnetic (EM) materials with efficient magnetic-dielectric synergy. Herein, we propose a magnetic-field-driven dual low-dimension strategy to fabricate length programmable magnetic-dielectric heterojunction chains, where one-dimensional(1D) Fe3O4 chains were tightly encapsulated by the in situ grown two-dimensionalMoS2 nanosheets. This strategy enables precise control over the chain length across micrometers to millimeters, as well as the surface defects, by deterministic regulation of the applied static magnetic field. Systematical theoretical simulations demonstrate that the high uniaxial anisotropy from 1D structure boosted magnetic response and the abundant Fe3O4/MoS2 heterointerfaces induced polarization enhancement jointly contribute to the unique successive synergistic loss mechanism in the 1D magnetic-dielectric heterojunction chains. Eventually, the optimum 1D Fe3O4@MoS2 heterojunction chains with a record length of 2485.15µm exhibit a broadband EM absorption performance with an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.5GHz at a thin thickness of 1.8mm, outperforming conventional counterparts. This study establishes a novel paradigm for crafting low-dimensional magnetic-dielectric heterostructure with tailored EM functionality, guiding the design of advanced EM materials for next-generation flexible electronics.

In ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, achieving subppm static magnetic field homogeneity is critical. However, engineering tolerances and assembly errors often introduce complex field inhomogeneities that global shimming alone cannot always fully correct. In this study, a novel local passive shimming method is developed for small-bore MRI superconducting magnets. By establishing a linear programming model for local shimming, the approach enables region-specific correction of high-order field variations. Numerical simulations and experimental verification on a 7 T/300-mm superconducting magnet demonstrate significant improvements in homogeneity, reducing root mean square error (RMSE) and peak-to-peak variation across the diameter of spherical volume (DSV). The optimized shim configuration achieved a peak-to-peak inhomogeneity of 4.23 ppm within the DSV, indicating substantial enhancement over baseline performance. These results indicate that the proposed technique serves as a practical and efficient complement to global shimming strategies, offering a robust solution for field correction in small-bore MRI systems.

Mold flux crystallization behavior dictates its continuous casting metallurgical performance, yet how static magnetic fields affect its crystallization kinetics remains unclear. This study explored 0 and 40 mT magnetic field effects on mold flux isothermal crystallization at 1150–1300 °C via FactSage simulations, isothermal experiments and microstructural characterizations. Magnetic fields altered crystallization kinetics and structural evolution, advancing nucleation, prolonging total crystallization time at all temperatures but 1300 °C and changing pathways, lowering activation energy and pre-exponential factor to facilitate nucleation but reduce growth rate. They suppressed phase separation and coarsening for uniform, dense microstructures, with no obvious effects on precipitate phases or elemental segregation. This work supports optimized magnetic field application in continuous casting mold flux design theoretically and experimentally.

To compare experimentally measured gradient-induced vibrations in MRI with computational results obtained from multiphysics finite element simulations. Gradient-induced vibrations in a 3T scanner were quantified on commercially pure Titanium (CpTi) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) plates following the ISO/TS 10974:2018 methodology. Sinusoidal and trapezoidal sequences were used. Vibrations were measured using Laser Doppler Vibrometry. The laser beam was redirected with a prism mounted on a custom measuring bench, allowing the measurement of vibrations perpendicular to the static magnetic field. RMS and the magnitude of the static magnetic field were measured and used as inputs for numerical simulations. The experimental results were compared with simulations performed using a weakly coupled multiphysics approach that involved the resolution of both electromagnetic and linear elasticity equations by the finite element method. Both experimental and computational approaches gave access to the distribution of vibration magnitudes on the tested plates. The average relative difference between measured and simulated displacements was across all frequencies and all types of sequences tested. The transmitted vibrations of the scanner accounted for less than of the difference in displacements. The locations of maximal vibration magnitude were consistent between experiments and simulations. Gradient-induced vibrations were evaluated both experimentally and computationally, with good agreement. Observed differences allowed for the evaluation of setup limitations and inherent uncertainties. Based on these results, the proposed computational approach can be used with a good level of confidence to evaluate and predict gradient-induced vibrations of implantable medical devices.

Manipulating spin states with external fields provides a powerful yet underexplored strategy for controlling interfacial charge transfer in piezoelectric catalysis. Here, we demonstrate that introducing a static magnetic field into a piezoelectric SrFeO3 system enables modulation of the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR) kinetics via spin polarization. The magnetic field induces pronounced Fe spin polarization, offering a continuously tunable alternative to conventional chemical modification. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and density functional theory (DFT) reveal that field-driven spin states lower the energy barrier for *OOH formation and weaken the Fe-O bond, preventing overbinding of intermediates. These effects significantly accelerate reaction kinetics, yielding a peak H2O2 production of 464.56 μmol L-1 under 400 mT after 60 min-6.5 times higher than without a field. This work establishes magnetic-field-assisted piezocatalysis as a versatile platform for spin-state engineering, highlighting the transformative potential of magnetic control in catalytic energy conversion.

The osteotendinous junction, or enthesis, is a mechanically graded transitional zone critical for load transfer between soft and hard tissues. Its regeneration following injury remains a major clinical challenge due to poor integration of current grafts, uncontrolled alignment of cells, and the lack of spatiotemporal control over cell fate. To address this, we engineered a magneto-responsive, biomimetic system that synergistically combines adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs), tendon-derived extracellular matrix (tECM) microspheres, and iron-doped nano magnetized hydroxyapatite (nMHAp) nanoparticles. The nMHAp particles were synthesized via an accelerated biomineralization route, yielding superparamagnetic, osteoinductive particles suitable for intracellular uptake and magnetic manipulation. The tECM microspheres provided a natural tenogenic niche, supporting spatial compartmentalization within a single construct. Upon exposure to a static magnetic field, nMHAp-labeled AdMSCs encapsulated within tECM microspheres exhibited enhanced osteogenic commitment, characterized by a ∼2-fold upregulation of RUNX2 expression and a ∼2-fold increase in mineral deposition compared to nonstimulated controls. Additionally, cells displayed pronounced cytoskeletal alignment under magnetic stimulation. In contrast, in the absence of magnetic cues, the tECM microenvironment preserved tenogenic characteristics, thereby enabling spatially regulated dual-lineage differentiation. Collectively, this multicue strategy provides a dynamic and tunable platform for recapitulating the osteotendinous interface and represents a promising approach for functional enthesis regeneration and complex interface tissue engineering.

The effects of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on fibroblast proliferation and migration remain debated, largely due to variability in field intensity, orientation, and exposure duration, as well as the predominant use of endpoint-based assays that may not fully capture the temporal dynamics of cellular responses. Thus, it remains unclear whether reported SMF effects reflect changes in proliferation, migration, or both. Here, we examined how SMFs with different field configurations affect NIH3T3 fibroblast behavior. Three setups were tested: a field generated by two neodymium magnets arranged in a face-to-face configuration on opposite sides of the culture dish (SMF1) and single-magnet setups with either the north (SMF2 and SMF2a) or south poles (SMF3 and SMF3a) facing the cells. SMF1 was associated with a 41% increase in proliferation relative to control, while single-cell migration velocities, directional persistence, and collective wound closure showed no detectable changes. In contrast, SMF2 and SMF3, as well as their low-field variants SMF2a and SMF3a, did not produce significant effects. Our results suggest that a specific SMF configuration is associated with increased fibroblast proliferation without detectable changes in migration parameters under the tested conditions. This integrative approach helps contextualize prior divergent findings by suggesting that SMF effects may be configuration-dependent, thereby contributing to a more rational application of magnetic stimulation in cellular and tissue engineering contexts.

Vincristine (VCR) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), while its clinical efficacy is limited by dose-dependent peripheral neurotoxicity. As T cells in normal physiological environments experience various mechanical forces and VCR targets a mechanosensitive cellular microtubule, in this study, we developed a magnetically actuated mechanical stimulation (MAMS) strategy utilizing superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (IONPs) and an external static magnetic field (MF), which combined with VCR to significantly enhance the chemosensitivity of T-ALL cells. It was demonstrated that the IONPs primarily bound to the membrane of Jurkat cells and formed ordered assembly structures under MF, which disrupted cellular homeostasis by activating the calcium-NFAT-FasL signaling pathway, hyperpolarizing mitochondria, reprogramming metabolism, and disrupting cytoskeletal assembly. In conclusion, the MAMS strategy sensitized Jurkat cells to VCR by multilevel interference with the homeostasis of cells, providing a promising approach for developing more effective and less cytotoxic T-ALL treatment regimens.

Abstract Quantum electrical metrology is an important application of collective states of matter. One prominent example is the quantum Hall condensate, which is essential for the realization of the resistance unit, the ohm. In graphene, the linear energy-momentum dispersion of quasiparticles allows for a practical realization of the quantum Hall resistance standard under easily accessible experimental conditions of temperature and magnetic field. With the maturity of technology, epitaxial graphene devices are now gradually deployed for primary resistance quantum standards at national metrology institutes. Here, we present the latest advances and future perspectives of graphene-based quantum electrical metrology, highlighting how this material can not only improve the realization conditions for the quantum resistance standard but also extend quantum-accurate realization of the ohm for the betterment of impedance and current metrology.

Magnetic fields are abiotic environmental factors that can cause a wide range of biological effects at both the cellular and whole-organism levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of a static magnetic field (SMF, 110 mT) on life history traits and antioxidant defence mechanisms during the preadult development of Lymantria dispar. SMF exposure did not affect the mass of younger larvae, whereas older larvae and pupae showed significantly reduced mass compared to controls. Estimated larval mortality was higher in the SMF group, while developmental duration was significantly prolonged in the fifth larval instar and in both male and female pupae. SMF induced stage-dependent modifications in antioxidant defence. Superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activities were significantly increased, predominantly in later developmental stages, while glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase showed instar-dependent responses. In addition, the content of total and oxidised glutathione was significantly higher in the fifth and sixth instars of SMF-exposed larvae compared to controls. The study shows that static magnetic field exposure can interfere with normal developmental processes and redox homeostasis in insects, implying potential adaptive mechanisms under stressful conditions.

Despite its advantages, the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) involves specific safety risks, primarily caused by the strong static magnetic field and the alternating electromagnetic fields, in particular the high-frequency (HF) and gradient fields, posing hazards to both patients and medical personnel. Particularly problematic are ferromagnetic objects that can enter the magnetic field uncontrolled, potentially causing severe injuries. Additionally, metal implants can interact undesirably with the MRI system, leading to tissue heating or malfunctioning. The gradient fields required for spatial encoding can cause unwanted nerve stimulations. The HF fields can cause electrically conductive materials to overheat, potentially resulting in burns; however, appropriate safety measures, such as labeling, specialized safety training and the automatic monitoring of critical safety parameters can extensively minimize these risks.

The present study introduces the concept of hybrid nanofluids along with an improved formulation for estimating their thermophysical properties. As an advanced class of heat transfer media, hybrid nanofluids have gained attention for their ability to enhance thermal transport performance. In this investigation, a hybrid Cu − A l 2 O 3 / water nanofluid and a conventional Cu / water nanofluid is employed to analyze the influence of key governing parameters on radiative magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer over a permeable stretching sheet. A suitable similarity transformation is employed to reduce the governing partial differential equations to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The resulting boundary value problem is then solved numerically using the shooting method in conjunction with a fourth-order Adams–Moulton scheme. The study includes both a table and graphical illustrations of the properties of A l 2 O 3 and Cu nanofluids. These tabulated and plotted results highlight the physical significance of the analysis. The outcomes exhibit strong consistency with previously published scientific studies. The results demonstrate that the Cu − A l 2 O 3 / water hybrid nanofluid achieves a markedly greater heat transfer rate than the Cu / water nanofluid under magnetic field conditions. Thus, the results provide an accurate description of fluid flow processes in nuclear reactor cooling systems, polymer extrusion processes, electromagnetic pumps, astrophysical plasma flows, and magnetohydrodynamic generators.

ABSTRACT This study examines how the vertical orientation of a moderate-intensity static magnetic field (1 mT) influences the proliferation of HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. Static magnetic fields (SMFs) offer potential for biomedical applications due to their ability to influence cellular processes in a non-invasive manner. However, their effects on neural cell proliferation remain poorly understood, particularly with respect to magnetic field orientation. Cells were exposed to SMFs in two orientations: downward and upward. SMF exposure was associated with significantly higher proliferation relative to both incubator and sham controls, with the downward orientation producing the most consistent increase. This trend was observed across multiple experimental conditions, including exposure duration and antibiotic use. Ion substitution experiments further showed that replacing extracellular K+ with Cs+ attenuated the orientation-dependent response, suggesting that ion conductance may contribute to SMF sensitivity. These findings emphasize the importance of magnetic field orientation in low-intensity SMF studies and indicate that directional exposure can modulate neural cell proliferation under well-controlled conditions.

Coupling electrostatic and static magnetic fields during drying: A strategy to enhance drying characteristic, functional properties and microstructural modification fresh-cut purple yam.

Stimulation of toluene biofiltration under continuous and intermittent operation by a static magnetic field

A systematic review of acoustic noise sources in Magnetic Resonance Imaging