State Planning Research Articles

Innovations of the project–target approach in the system of strategic planning of the national economy

The article examines the increasing role of strategic management in the development of the national economy and the role of the project-oriented approach as a tool of state regulation, which is most effectively used for the implementation of state programs. Various prerequisites for the development of the project approach, followed by the project-target approach in the management of the national economy, are also considered. The mechanism of project-target management is studied, its special significance is revealed in the conditions of significant changes in the overall structure of the global economy. The analysis of the implementation of state projects and programs is carried out to develop directions for improving the program-target approach in the field of state planning and programming. Various regulatory aspects of the implementation of this approach have been studied, conditions for its most effective implementation have been formulated. The article examines issues related to the definition of the main parameters of strategic planning

Corridor-Level Impacts of Battery-Electric Heavy-Duty Trucks and the Effects of Policy in the United States.

Electrifying freight trucks will be key to alleviating air pollution burdens on disadvantaged communities and mitigating climate change. The United States plans to pursue this aim by adding vehicle charging infrastructure along specific freight corridors. This study explores the coevolution of the electricity grid and freight trucking landscape using an integrated assessment framework to identify when each interstate and drayage corridor becomes advantageous to electrify from a climate and human health standpoint. Nearly all corridors achieve greenhouse gas emission reductions if electrified now. Most can reduce health impacts from air pollution if electrified by 2040 although some corridors in the Midwest, South, and Mid-Atlantic regions remain unfavorable to electrify from a human health standpoint, absent policy support. Recent policy, namely, the Inflation Reduction Act, accelerates this timeline to 2030 for most corridors and results in net human health benefits on all corridors by 2050, suggesting that near-term investments in truck electrification, particularly drayage corridors, can meaningfully reduce climate and health burdens.

Inclusion of Sex and Gender Differences in U.S. State Action Plans for Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder.

Background: States have developed action plans to address the "opioid crisis" over the past several years. While sex- and gender-based differences have been identified in complications of opioid use, risks of addiction to opioids, barriers to treatment of opioid use disorder, and associated stigma, it is unknown if or to what extent opioid plans consider or account for these differences. The objectives of this study were to analyze U.S. state opioid action plans and their inclusion of sex- and gender-specific concerns. Methods: A content analysis of 49 state plans was conducted in June 2020, assessing their inclusion of 14 variables covering provider education, pregnancy-related, and sex- or gender-based differences in opioid addiction and treatment. Results: Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome was the most common variable, noted in 57% of plans. Only 14% included pregnancy-related stigma, and 4% identified gender-specific stigma. Contraceptives and family-planning were included in 12% and 10% of plans, respectively. Two states included more than half of the variables and five plans made no mention of sex or gender differences. Conclusions: Few state plans contained sex- or gender-specific information, and those that did focused almost exclusively on childbearing, excluding other unique considerations of opioid-using-women of all ages. The results of this study could improve the care of women using opioids by informing the strategies of state agencies and impacting legislative efforts for prevention initiatives, substance use disorder treatment, and law enforcement programs.

A Modeling of Human Reliability Analysis on Dam Failure Caused by Extreme Weather

Human factors are introduced into the dam risk analysis method to improve the existing dam risk management theory. This study constructs the path of human factor failure in dam collapse, explores the failure pattern of each node, and obtains the performance shaping factors (PSFs) therein. The resulting model was combined with a Bayesian network, and sensitivity analysis was performed using entropy reduction. The study obtained a human factor failure pathway consisting of four components: monitoring and awareness, state diagnosis, plan formulation and operation execution. Additionally, a PSFs set contains five factors: operator, technology, organization, environment, and task. Operator factors in a BN (Bayesian network) are the most sensitive, while the deeper causes are failures in organizational and managerial factors. The results show that the model can depict the relationship between the factors, explicitly measure the failure probability quantitatively, and identify the causes of high impact for risk control. Governments should improve the significance of the human factor in the dam project, constantly strengthen the safety culture of the organization’s communications, and enhance the psychological quality and professional skills of management personnel through training. This study provides valuable guidelines for the human reliability analysis on dam failure, which has implications for the theoretical research and engineering practice of reservoir dam safety and management.

The First Statewide Implementation of a Regional Disaster Teleconsultation System to Expand Critical Care Surge Capacity: A Case Study in Vermont.

Background: In December 2021, the Region 1 Disaster Health Response System, the state of Vermont, and the National Emergency Tele-Critical Care Network partnered to provide statewide access to disaster teleconsultations during COVID-19 surge conditions. In this case report, we describe how a disaster teleconsultation system was implemented in Vermont to provide access to temporary tele-critical care consultations during the Omicron COVID-19 surge. Methods: We measured the time from request of service to implementation and calculated descriptive statistics. Results: Seven of Vermont's 14 hospitals requested the service. Despite a technology solution capable of providing services within hours, mean time to service implementation was 27 days (interquartile range 20-41 days). Conclusions: Integration of disaster teleconsultation systems into state and local emergency management plans are needed to bring administrative start-up times in line with technical readiness.

ZLOČIN GENOCIDA U PRAVU O ODGOVORNOSTI / THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE IN LAW OF RESPONSIBILITY

The paper deals with the issue of the responsibility of the main subjects of international law for grave breaches of obligations arising from the imperative norms of general international law in relation to the commission of the crime of genocide. The focus of this paper is in certain aspects of the relationship between individual criminal responsibility and the international responsibility of States and international organizations, which should be interpreted as two separate systems of responsibility in international law. Each system has its own special fundaments, features and characteristics. Consequently, the starting point is that the responsibility of States for genocide does not depend on the responsibility of individuals for the crime, although the International Court of Justice has made extensive use of the conclusions of the chambers of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. (Judgment from 2007). The paper therefore analyzes the question of the existence of a theoretical legal possibility for the so-called indirectly proving the responsibility of States (and international organizations) for genocide through a prior examination of the criminal responsibility of leaders, but also through proving a joint criminal enterprise for the purposes of committing the crime, or do these conceptions represent a starting point for the responsibility of the main subjects of international law or they are simply "proof" of the attribution of the act to a State? In this paper, we examine whether a joint criminal enterprise could be a reflection of a State plan and/or policy for committing the crime of genocide and how a collective plan or policy for committing that crime could be interpreted. After all, are they actually a dolus specialis of this crime, that is, whether a genocidal intent is manifested in a State precisely in a plan or policy?

Planning in the Shadow of China

This article considers the influence of Maoist China on Tunisian development theory in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The shadow—or brilliant light—of the Chinese experience was evident in Tunisia by the late 1950s, where wide-scale agrarian reform within the People's Republic and the use of cooperatives and labor-intensive agricultural technologies to rationalize the use and allocation of labor were immensely impacting foreign technical attaches, young Tunisian economists and agronomists, and people at the periphery of state planning and within the state-funded university system and research centers. In reading these proposals against the grain, this article situates them in their social and political context and the constraints that context imposed: a hewing away from outright enthusiasm for Communist China within the state-funded research centers, and a warmer embrace within more independent fora. It also situates those discussions amid a Tunisian milieu wherein China was increasingly embraced for its support of Algerian national liberation, its own national liberation war, with its experience seen as a third way for the Third World against the industrial-heavy experience of the USSR.

Zimbabwe’s Command Agriculture: Problems of Planning Under Neoliberalism

This article examines the impacts of Zimbabwe’s Command Agriculture (CA) program, a state-driven cereal production model implemented since 2016. In the context of the neglect of cereal crops by African states generally under the accumulation strategies of international and domestic capital, and in the face of persisting neoliberal strategies led by international agencies such as the World Bank, the Zimbabwe experience continues to provide insights into the problems and prospects of planning under neoliberalism. In the case of CA, the Government of Zimbabwe intervened to bolster maize production, which had remained underfunded. The study shows a distinct correlation between national food self-sufficiency and, to some extent, economic stability and growth under state intervention and planning. This suggests that the CA program, as well as other planning initiatives, can stimulate economic growth and development if well managed. It illuminates how farmers were recruited and mobilized under CA and attempts to identify the weaknesses and challenges of the program. We posit that state planning in cereal production poses a threat to neoliberalism and the hierarchical international food system, and is an important step toward attaining national sovereignty.

Trends and Status of Renewable Energy Power Generation in China

Energy is an essential and critical material foundation for economic development, contributing to the rapid growth of the economy and playing an integral role. In today's world, the revolution of energy resources is an imperative task. This is due to the continuous decline in the reserves of traditional energy resources worldwide, such as the urgent need for reserves of fossil energy resources, and the worsening global greenhouse effect and excessive greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, energy resources need to undergo a restructuring, with the key focus on diversification, efficiency, and cleanliness. Currently, several countries, including China, are either planning or actively developing a low-carbon or even zero-carbon energy system. Furthermore, they are accelerating the revolution of energy consumption and production.China is becoming an essential contributor and guide to the transformation of the world's energy revolution, alongside the realization and improvement of this new energy system.Given this context, the inadequacies in China's ability to support renewable energy are identified by examining China's development objectives. The discussion covers the quantity of renewable power produced, the extent of its consumption and restrictions placed upon it. The present state of renewable energy development in China is viewed through a market-oriented approach. Additionally, the current state and future Development plans of renewable energy generation in China are assessed by considering the legal framework and policy instruments involved.

Forecasting pandemic quarantine in New Zealand and Australia: A scoping review of quarantine characteristics and capabilities within preparedness plans and pandemic exercise reports from 2002 to 2019

BackgroundThis scoping review aims to identify and critically review quarantine preparedness in New Zealand and Australia pre-COVID-19 by categorising, comparing, and evaluating quarantine information contained within pandemic plans and exercises from both countries. MethodsParliamentary websites, including Archives New Zealand, ParlInfo and Google Scholar, were searched for publicly available plans and exercise reports from 2002 to 2019. Data were extracted from documents meeting the inclusion criteria and analysed using directive content analysis based on the Australian Disaster Preparedness Framework categories. This scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews, which guided the data extraction, analysis, and presentation of results. ResultsA total of 16 documents mentioned quarantine and were included in this scoping review. The emphasis and level of detail regarding quarantine characteristics and capabilities varied between New Zealand's five documents (one plan and four exercise reports) and Australia's 11 documents (one Influenza pandemic plan, eight state plans and two exercise reports). New Zealand’s plan forecasted the need for both voluntary quarantine at home and involuntary quarantine in facilities for incoming travellers, whilst the Australian Influenza pandemic plan and state plans primarily considered voluntary quarantine within private residences. Capability gaps identified during exercises were not consistently incorporated into revised plans. Some government documents containing information on quarantine may not be publicly available, limiting the available evidence for this review. ConclusionThis scoping review highlights the need to incorporate a range of possible quarantine options into plans and preparation activities to test and identify gaps in government and responsible agencies' capabilities. Pandemic preparedness will be strengthened by incorporating quarantine scale and duration variables into exercise scenarios.

Improvement Science and the Every Student Succeeds Act: An Analysis of the Consolidated State Plans

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of continuous improvement and improvement science in the Consolidated State Plans required by ESSA. Through an exploratory qualitative content analysis, we examined 52 state plans to determine the extent education policies encourage professional educators to use a continuous improvement and improvement science approach to meet educational goals. Our analysis yielded four themes: (a) state plans included continuous improvement, (b) improvement was framed as an outcome to be achieved or a process, (c) plans prioritized the what not the how, and (d) measurement was used for accountability more than improving processes.

The inheritance and repetition of colonial practices of dispossession

State processes of land dispossession rely on multiple modes of power such as domination, legitimisation, pacification, and deceit to achieve their aims. This article analyses how governments in Australia have drawn on these varied forms to redevelop inner city areas in Sydney which are important to Indigenous communities. It analyses three redevelopment practices that targeted the suburbs of Redfern and Waterloo between 2005 and 2019. First, domineering planning structures used to marginalise Indigenous housing in Redfern. Second, racist tropes that have worked to legitimise this authoritarian approach and the resulting dispossession. Third, community consultations, that attempted to placate residents impacted by redevelopment, with culturally inclusive participation, but that maintained a deceitful silence on the question of colonisation. The article shows how authoritarian state planning, racialised legitimisation, and colonial pacification and deceit wielded in Redfern and Waterloo, are directly inherited from and/or reproduce historic colonial nation and city building agendas. On this basis, the article claims that settler colonialism can be understood as a self-perpetuating process, where practices of dispossession, developed at a given time, can set precedent for and be reworked into later programmes of land dispossession.

Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and Tax Collection of Indian States: Estimation from Panel Data Models

Abstract This study tries to empirically estimate the effects of the composition of intergovernmental transfers on tax collection across the Indian states by using panel regression model. As intergovernmental transfers constitute almost 47 per cent in total revenue of the states, it could play a vital role in states’ own tax collection. The impact of different channels of federal transfers on tax capacities is examined among 25 Indian states over the period from 1991-92 to 2017-18. The study also attempted to capture the asymmetric effect of various forms of transfers, but findings reveal that only state plan grant has a significant effect on its own tax collection. The empirical evidence suggests that the composition of intergovernmental transfers has a dampening effect on states’ own tax revenue. Apart from transfers’ variables, the study incorporates socio-economic and certain political variables to estimate states’ own tax collections.

Where Are the Children? A Thematic Analysis of State, Territory, and Tribal Organization Comprehensive Cancer Control Plans

BackgroundThe Center for Disease Control's Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (CCCP) funds initiatives in fifty states, the District of Columbia, seven U.S. territories, and seven tribal organizations to prevent and control cancer. These initiatives influence policy, care, research, and advocacy for cancer treatment. We performed an analysis of CCCP plans for states, U.S. territories, and tribal organizations to understand the extent of inclusion of pediatric cancer care. MethodsWe conducted a thematic and quantitative analysis of CCCP plans for states, U.S. territories, and tribal organizations. Plans were assessed by two reviewers and scored for discussion of cancer prevention, risk factors, early detection and screening, treatment and innovation, access, barriers to care, and survivorship in childhood cancer. ResultsPlans from fifty states, the District of Columbia, seven territories, seven tribal organizations, and one Pacific Regional (USAPI) plan were reviewed, for a total of sixty-six plans. Up-to-date CCCP plans were available through the CDC or state websites for 74% of states, 57% of territories, and 71% of tribal organizations; older plans were available for all groups without up-to-date CCCP plans. While all plans referenced children, most did so in the context of childhood exposures influencing adult cancer risks (e.g., sun, tobacco, HPV). Few plans contained a section dedicated to childhood cancer (30% states, 14.3% territories, 14.3% tribes). A minority of plans specifically discussed early detection and screening (14% states, 0% territories, 14.3% tribes), treatment and innovation (32% states, 0% territories, 28.6% tribes), access to cancer care (38% states, 28.6% territories, 28.6% tribes), reducing barriers to cancer care (28% states, 42.9% territories, 28.6% tribes), and pediatric cancer survivorship (42% states, 0% territories, 28.6% tribes). ConclusionsPromoting inclusion of pediatric cancer in CCPs will help to standardize pediatric cancer care, eliminate treatment disparities across state lines, and allow for comprehensive understanding of pediatric oncology. Level of EvidenceLevel IV.

Arts and culture in transformation: A critical analysis of the national plans for the European Recovery and Resilience Facility

AbstractThe understanding of resilience, and how the ability to respond or adjust to new situations can be implemented and evaluated, gained prominence in public policy. This study examines how European Union (EU) member states plan to support cultural and creative sectors (CCSs) within the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) of the NextGenerationEU Program and how they plan the CCSs to contribute to the grand challenges of our time. Using mixed methods, it is found that the understanding of how structural deficiencies in CCSs can be addressed is not systematic and not all countries invest to make the cultural infrastructure more future‐proof. Neither the budgets nor the mode of resilience (absorption, adaptation, and transformation) exposed in the plans consistently correlates with how countries intend to address key impact pillars. Countries with larger CCSs are more prone to transformation. The theoretical contribution lies in the elaboration of the concept of “ex ante resilience.”

Planning in the economy of the XXI century: the lessons and conclusions from the experience of the USSR state planning committee

The article analyzes the experience of the USSR State Planning Committee, methodological drawbacks and mistakes, examines the problems of interregional cooperation, the investment sphere and the current socio-economic situation in Russia. The author discusses the application of planned methods of managing the economy of a mixed type and the possibilities of forming a national development plan of the country in the conditions of modern foreign policy and internal socio-economic challenges and problems facing by our country. This paper also presents the conclusions from the experience of the USSR State Planning Committee, thanks to which the bulk of the national wealth of modern Russia was created.

Evaluation of emission reduction and other societal and environmental outcomes: Structured decision making for the Louisiana climate action plan

Climate action planning continues to accelerate rapidly across the globe as communities seek to prepare to thrive in an uncertain future. Climate action planning is a particularly contentious and complex topic in the southern United States, however, because of significant economic reliance on industries that contribute substantially to greenhouse gas emissions, and due to a complicated relationship between industry and persistent racial and economic inequities that contribute to distrust between communities, businesses, and state governments. Within the last decade, research efforts have begun to evaluate approaches used to develop city, state, and national-level climate action plans, finding that planning efforts are often as diverse as the localities they represent. Climate action planning processes that evaluate the potential implications of climate action on greenhouse gas emissions and societal values are often driven by either qualitative stakeholder engagement or by the results of numerical models. While both approaches are valuable, they also have limitations that can result in climate action plans that are unrealistic or unimplementable. Limited research is available that assesses planning efforts that integrate multiple evaluation methodologies. In this study, we evaluate the strengths and limitations of integrating qualitative and quantitative climate action evaluation methodologies in a planning process grounded in structured decision making using Louisiana as a case study. This mixed method planning approach applied both quantitative numerical models and qualitative expert elicitation to evaluate potential implications of climate action for Louisiana. We found that integration of approaches through a transparent, structured, and objectives-orientated process allowed for robust analysis of potential climate actions while engendering process buy-in across diverse stakeholder interests. This process ultimately resulted in the unanimous adoption of Louisiana's climate action plan, characterized by a wholistic and implementable set of climate actions balanced against the values of Louisianians. The process outlined in this study represents a replicable approach for other climate action planning efforts.

Tax Revenues and State Expenditures in the US with Balanced-Budget Requirements Using Panel VAR

We examine Granger causality between state expenditures and tax revenues in the US with Balanced-Budget Requirements (BBRs). BBRs are statutory or constitutional rules to prevent states from spending more than tax revenues. Policymakers may adjust taxes, change expenditures, or do both to achieve BBRs. Panel VAR is introduced to address endogenous interactions between state expenditures and tax revenues. Panel VAR provides a unifying empirical framework and identification strategy which might be lacking in the previous literature. The empirical result supports that tax revenues Granger cause state expenditures. As BBRs are about planning, tax revenues make states plan on how to spend them. Considering BBRs with the empirical results from this study, states expenditures should be adjusted close to (projected) tax revenues. Additionally, this study finds that the business cycle has counter-intuitive effects. Tax revenues did not change when the US experienced the recession during 2008-2009 with the increases in intergovernmental transfer from the federal. State expenditures also increased during the recession.

Program Implementation of Tasks of the State Defense Order

In modern geopolitical conditions, the country's defense capability is a key factor in ensuring sovereignty, independence and stability. The basis of the long-term planning of providing the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with weapons, military and special equipment is the state armament program, which is developed for a ten-year period, contains the nomenclature of the most important types of weapons, military and special equipment, and also determines customers, performers and deadlines for work. Short-term planning of development of armament, military and special equipment is carried out through development and fulfillment of tasks of the state defense order. Military planning is an integral component of state planning and in modern conditions and is carried out under the influence of a combination of various external and internal factors: a change in the foreign policy situation, which is becoming unpredictable against the background of the progressive basic principles devaluation of international law; making decisions by the country's leadership to ensure the protection of the interests of the Russian Federation in strategically important regions; instability of the macroeconomic parameters of the development of the Russian Federation within the framework of the emerging conditions of the world economy, directly affecting the setting and implementation of programs and plans for the development of the weapons system. The basis for fulfilling the tasks of the state defense order is the dynamic work of the military-industrial complex, aimed at providing the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with a new generation of weapons, military and special equipment. The article considers the features of the planning and performing the state defense order in terms of implementation of the special measures in the economy. Functional characteristics of enterprises of the military-industrial complex are selected. The author analyzes the causes of cost growth of military products, as well as reveals a correlation between program documents providing for the implementation of tasks of the state defense order.

Triage Procedures for Critical Care Resource Allocation During Scarcity

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many US states issued or revised pandemic preparedness plans guiding allocation of critical care resources during crises. State plans vary in the factors used to triage patients and have faced criticism from advocacy groups due to the potential for discrimination. To analyze the role of comorbidities and long-term prognosis in state triage procedures. This cross-sectional study used data gathered from parallel internet searches for state-endorsed pandemic preparedness plans for the 50 US states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico (hereafter referred to as states), which were conducted between November 25, 2021, and June 16, 2023. Plans available on June 16, 2023, that provided step-by-step instructions for triaging critically ill patients were categorized for use of comorbidities and prognostication. Prevalence and contents of lists of comorbidities and their stated function in triage and instructions to predict duration of postdischarge survival. Overall, 32 state-promulgated pandemic preparedness plans included triage procedures specific enough to guide triage in clinical practice. Twenty of these (63%) included lists of comorbidities that excluded (11 of 20 [55%]) or deprioritized (8 of 20 [40%]) patients during triage; one state's list was formulated to resolve ties between patients with equal triage scores. Most states with triage procedures (21 of 32 [66%]) considered predicted survival beyond hospital discharge. These states proposed different prognostic time horizons; 15 of 21 (71%) were numeric (ranging from 6 months to 5 years after hospital discharge), with the remaining 6 (29%) using descriptive terms, such as long-term. In this cross-sectional study of state-promulgated critical care triage policies, most plans restricted access to scarce critical care resources for patients with listed comorbidities and/or for patients with less-than-average expected postdischarge survival. This analysis raises concerns about access to care during a public health crisis for populations with high burdens of chronic illness, such as individuals with disabilities and minoritized racial and ethnic groups.