State Decisions Research Articles

The effects of SNAP emergency allotments on state-level SNAP benefits and enrollment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, all US states provided emergency allotments (EA) to enrollees of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to alleviate rising food insecurity. However, 18 states opted out of the SNAP-EA program before its official expiration in February 2023. Using a staggered difference-in-differences model to account for state-level variation in the timing of the SNAP-EA opt-out decisions, we analyzed SNAP and SNAP-EA data from the US Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service to quantify the impact of state opt-out decisions on SNAP benefit size and enrollment. We found that the average SNAP monthly benefit among 18 SNAP opt-out states was reduced by $183 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -$214, -$152) per beneficiary. The percentage of the state population enrolled in the SNAP program among the opt-out states modestly decreased by 0.35 (95% CI: -0.61, -0.10) percentage points. Additionally, we employed logistic regression models to associate state opt-out decisions with state-level characteristics. We found that the state governor's political party being Republican was the only significant predictor for the state's opt-out decisions. Our findings help explain why opting out of SNAP-EA has been associated with higher food insufficiency and shed light on the impact of political decisions to opt out of SNAP-EA on the lives of millions of Americans.

The Legitimation Process of the Hilltop Youth

Abstract Over the years, the ‘hilltop youth’ have acted in opposition to both Israeli state authorities and the settler leadership. Israeli society viewed them as a group acting to realize an extremist religious ideology while violating Israeli law and ignoring the state's decisions. However, after coming to feel that their social position was making it difficult for them to realize their vision, they embarked upon a process of trying to gain political legitimacy. By turning to mass media and by disseminating messages with which the public at large could identify, they have worked to move closer to Israeli consensus opinion. We identify the steps through which this was carried out and trace its success. The process reached a significant point in 2023 when politicians identified with the hilltop youth took up important ministerial positions in government, marking their transition from actors who opposed the state to ones responsible for its decisions.

Nitaqat Program and Decree Saudi Nationality's Effects on Work Interest Mediated by Salary Range

The purpose of this study was to test and analyze the influence of the national Nitaqot and SK schemes on the working interest of pharmacists, test and analyze the effect of the national Nitaqot and SK schemes on the salary range, test and analyze the mediating impact of the wage range in the Nitaqot program on the working interest of pharmacists and to test and analyze the influence of Saudi national decisions mediating wage ranges on pharmacist job interest. This study uses a type of quantitative research that will test the hypothesis (correlation). The research samples are individual pharmacists who are employees at the existing Directorate of Operations of Kimia Farma Dawaa. Co.Ltd in 2021. This research uses a non-probability sampling technique because there is little research time, and the research costs are not high. H1 - The Nitaqot program has a negative impact on the working interest of pharmacists H2 - The Saudi national decree has a positive effect on the working interest of pharmacists H3 - The Nitaqot program has a positive impact on the salary range H4 - The Saudi national decree has a positive effect on the wage range H5 - Salary range has a positive impact on the Pharmacist's Job Interest H6 - The salary range mediates the Nitaqot program against the working interest of pharmacists H7 - The Saudi state's decision to mediate the Nitaqot scheme against the work interests of pharmacists

Correspondence: Debating China's Use of Overseas Ports

Correspondence: Debating China's Use of Overseas Ports

Not a Priority: Infertile Women and the Symbolic Politics of IVF in 1980s Britain

AbstractThis article considers the early debates over state funding for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment following the birth of Louise Brown in 1978 as a lens through which to re‐evaluate attitudes towards womanhood, maternity and sexuality in 1980s Britain. The state's reluctance to devote resources to IVF reflected, in no small part, the financial imperatives on an overstretched National Health Service. Beyond financial considerations, the question of IVF funding sparked deeply gendered debates over the politics and social significance of motherhood and mothering, and the state's role in family planning and maternal and child welfare. In short, debates over IVF operated as a form of symbolic politics. Stakeholders – including patients’ advocates, women's associations, feminist activists and religious leaders – drew a clear link between the female body and the body politic and sought to articulate a policy towards both IVF treatment and infertile women more broadly that reflected their understanding of women's place within modern British society. Despite holding widely divergent views about gender, sexuality and motherhood, women's and religious groups found common ground in opposing state funding of IVF. This coalition facilitated the state's decision not to prioritise funding for IVF even as neighbouring countries, including Germany and France, embraced the procedure to help combat demographic decline.

Legal Protection of Land Rights Certificate Holders in Certificate Blocking Event by Land Office

The certificate is a certificate of proof of rights that applies as a strong means of proof regarding physical data and juridical data, and this evidence is not the only evidence, only strong evidence. This research uses sociological juridical. Sociological juridical research identifies and conceptualizes law as a real and functional social institution in a real life system. This study comes in: 1) Blocking Defects in Article 1 point (1) of the Regulation of the Minister of ATR/Head of BPN Number 13 of 2017 about the procedure for blocking and confiscation is an administrative action of the Head of the Land Office or an appointed official to determine the status quo (freezing) on temporary land rights against changes to land law. 2) The state should protect the holder of the Land Rights Certificate because of the good faith of the holder and the state's decision to issue a certificate as proof of land rights which the state should not cancel without compensation. 3) Blocking that is not in accordance with Permen ATR/Ka.BPN 13 of 2017 about the procedure for blocking and confiscation does not only result in legal certainty not being realized, but also causes losses for the owner of the blocked certificate, both material and immaterial losses. Blocking cases has the potential to cause financial losses to the owner of the blocked certificate. Due to the block, the owner cannot access his land certificate. 4) Obstacles to land rights holders in the registration of the block because the land rights are disputed and confiscated by the Court or a dispute outside the court, the Land Rights are confiscated by PUPN/KPKNL in connection with the settlement of state receivables, so the parties are requested by the Head of the Land Office for blocking. The legal consequences for the owner of the certificate for blocking the Certificate of Land Rights at the Land Office are that the land is temporarily unable to take legal action and also the Land Office has the authority to refuse the registration of the Transfer and Transfer of Names to the Land Rights.

Ending Restrictive Housing in Prisons for People With Mental Disorders.

A recent federal investigation of prisons in Massachusetts has presented findings on the criminal legal system's continued failure to provide humane care for incarcerated individuals with mental disorders. The findings show that people in mental health crisis are placed in restrictive housing, where they lack monitoring and mental health resources-a practice that has led to frequent instances of self-harm and suicide. Since the investigation, Massachusetts has vowed to stop its use of restrictive housing. Skepticism remains about whether the state's decision will result in meaningful change in carceral mental health practices. This column explores the investigation's process, findings, and implications.

‘Enclosure with Chinese characteristics’: a Polanyian approach to the origins and limits of land commodification in China

ABSTRACT Based on archival research and interviews with state officials and state-affiliated academics, this article argues that the Chinese state's decision to slow down rural land transfer since 2017 is a Polanyian countermovement against the adverse consequences of earlier, excessive labor and land commodification. The central government's drive for land consolidation is contingent upon and structurally constrained by the process of rural labor commodification. By focusing on connections between land and labor and situating agrarian transformation under the context of national capital accumulation, this study examines land beyond agriculture and argues for the continued importance of the classical Agrarian Questions.

The Limits of Symbolic Capital: The Case of Jerusalem's Jewish Quarter Evacuees in Qatamon

During Israel's War of Independence evacuees from the Jewish Quarter in Jerusalem's Old City were resettled in the abandoned Arab neighborhood of Qatamon only to be threatened soon after with eviction and replacement by members of the civil service. Repeated attempts at collective eviction ended with most of the evacuees managing to remain in their homes and enjoy comfortable rent arrangements. This outcome has been attributed by some to the symbolic capital of the Old City refugees, the empathy they elicited from the general public and the state's decision makers in response to their harsh wartime experiences and material sacrifices. Alternately, a critical analysis would suggest that the determining factor was the authorities' unrelated desire to end what had become a drawn-out affair, combined with logistical reasons that worked in favor of the refugees. The case before us offers new insights into the role of capital, symbolic and otherwise, in the shaping of Jerusalem's physical space during the early days of Israeli statehood.

Rights and Slavery in Thomas Jefferson's Political Thought

Thomas Jefferson is famous for his advocacy of equal rights of men, religious freedom, and democracy throughout the United States. He is equally (in)famous for his racist statements, for his little concern for women's rights, for his apparently unrealistic anti-slavery policies, and for his strongly anti-Federalist politics. This article will make clear that his political solution to the problem of slavery was not as far-fetched at the time as many scholars still tend to think it was. His fame as the high priest of minimal government also needs to be reconsidered given his hugely expensive, governmental solution to the problem of slavery. It is also important to grasp how very restricted a role Jefferson attributed to the federal government in putting his abolition plan into effect. The only aspect concerning the federal government in Jefferson's plan had to do with financing and sending slaves abroad after each state's individual decision of emancipation.

No Asylum from Her Majesty: The British FCO and Complicity with Apartheid

ABSTRACT Jeanette and Katryn Schoon were assassinated on 28 June 1984, the victims of a parcel bomb sent to Angola by the apartheid state's security services. To understand the state's decision to assassinate the Schoons, it is necessary to look back to the Schoons' time in Botswana, where they were members of the African National Congress (ANC)'s exile structures for six years, from 1977 to 1983. I argue that the Schoons’ forced departure from Botswana in 1983 was profoundly influenced by the British government, working in support of the apartheid state. Furthermore, I argue that the UK’s complicity in this instance placed the Schoons in an unnecessarily precarious position. Without recourse to asylum in the UK, the Schoons were forced to seek refuge in a nation locked in an extended armed conflict with South Africa, and they were therefore within striking range of the apartheid state’s security forces. It seems the notion that the Schoons might end up somewhere even less safe than Botswana did not enter the equation for the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO). Their only real concern was to get the Schoons away from the precious citizens of the United Kingdom.

Changes in Plan Composition and Measured Quality Associated with Medicaid Expansion Among Nonelderly Medicaid Managed Care Enrollees

Research ObjectiveMedicaid managed care (MMC) has become the dominant method of delivering health services for low‐income Americans enrolled in Medicaid. Following state decisions to extend Medicaid eligibility through the Affordable Care Act, MMC plans enrolled nearly 80% of newly eligible beneficiaries. Many states are adopting performance measurement systems to hold MMC plans accountable for quality of care. Despite the growing importance of measured quality of care in MMC payment and delivery, there is limited understanding of changes in MMC enrollee characteristics or performance measures associated with Medicaid expansion. We examined changes in plan composition among nonelderly MMC enrollees and measured quality of care associated with Medicaid expansion.Study DesignWe used 2012–2018 National Committee on Quality Assurance Adult Medicaid Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) data, which are enrollee‐level surveys submitted by state Medicaid agencies and individual MMC plans. Enrollee characteristics included age, gender, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and self‐reported health status. Our four outcomes measured patient experience of care: whether a respondent answered that it was “always or usually” easy to get needed care, had a personal doctor, had timely access to a checkup or routine care, and had timely access to specialty care. We estimated multivariable linear probability models comparing pre‐ versus post‐expansion changes in plan composition and measured quality in expansion versus non‐expansion states. The post‐expansion period was modeled as an event‐study regression to account for changes over time, where the coefficient of interest was a Medicaid expansion‐by‐year term. Models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, self‐reported health, and included state, year, and plan fixed effects. Standard errors were clustered at the state level.Population Studied315,563 adult MMC enrollees age 18–64 in the 39 states with comprehensive MMC plans.Principal FindingsMedicaid expansion was associated with statistically significant decreases in the proportion of female MMC enrollees (−8.4 percentage points [PP], p < 0.01), and increases in the proportion of MMC enrollees who were age 55–64 (6.8 PP, p < 0.01), White non‐Hispanic (4.4 PP, p < 0.01), and with a college degree or higher (2.3 PP, p < 0.01). Relative to MMC enrollees in non‐expansion states, enrollees in expansion states were significantly less likely to report access to a personal doctor (−1.6 PP, 95% CI ‐3.0 to −0.1 PP, p < 0.05) and less likely to report timely access to specialty care (−2.1 PP, 95% CI ‐3.4 to −0.8 PP, p < 0.01) in the first year after expansion. Differences were not statistically significant by the second year post‐expansion.ConclusionsMedicaid expansion was associated with substantial changes in MMC plan composition, and there were modest, but temporary, reductions in measured quality of care in the first year post‐expansion.Implications for Policy or PracticeStates use MMC performance data to assign bonus payments based on meeting or exceeding quality targets, withhold capitated payments, and auto‐assign enrollees to plans. State policymakers should recognize that expansions of Medicaid eligibility may change the composition of plan enrollees, with implications for measured quality of care. Particularly for states that compare a plan's performance on measured quality to national benchmarks, accounting for a state's decision to expand Medicaid may mitigate unfair penalization.

Legal Protection of Land Rights Certificate Holders in Certificate Blocking Event by Land Office

The certificate is a certificate of proof of rights that applies as a strong means of proof regarding physical data and juridical data, and this evidence is not the only evidence, only strong evidence. This research uses sociological juridical. Sociological juridical research identifies and conceptualizes law as a real and functional social institution in a real life system. This study comes in: 1) Blocking Defects in Article 1 point (1) of the Regulation of the Minister of ATR/Head of BPN Number 13 of 2017 about the procedure for blocking and confiscation is an administrative action of the Head of the Land Office or an appointed official to determine the status quo (freezing) on temporary land rights against changes to land law. 2) The state should protect the holder of the Land Rights Certificate because of the good faith of the holder and the state's decision to issue a certificate as proof of land rights which the state should not cancel without compensation. 3) Blocking that is not in accordance with Permen ATR/Ka.BPN 13 of 2017 about the procedure for blocking and confiscation does not only result in legal certainty not being realized, but also causes losses for the owner of the blocked certificate, both material and immaterial losses. Blocking cases has the potential to cause financial losses to the owner of the blocked certificate. Due to the block, the owner cannot access his land certificate. 4) Obstacles to land rights holders in the registration of the block because the land rights are disputed and confiscated by the Court or a dispute outside the court, the Land Rights are confiscated by PUPN/KPKNL in connection with the settlement of state receivables, so the parties are requested by the Head of the Land Office for blocking. The legal consequences for the owner of the certificate for blocking the Certificate of Land Rights at the Land Office are that the land is temporarily unable to take legal action and also the Land Office has the authority to refuse the registration of the Transfer and Transfer of Names to the Land Rights.

Legal Protection of Land Rights Certificate Holders in Certificate Blocking Event by Land Office

The certificate is a certificate of proof of rights that applies as a strong means of proof regarding physical data and juridical data, and this evidence is not the only evidence, only strong evidence. This research uses sociological juridical. Sociological juridical research identifies and conceptualizes law as a real and functional social institution in a real life system. This study comes in: 1) Blocking Defects in Article 1 point (1) of the Regulation of the Minister of ATR/Head of BPN Number 13 of 2017 about the procedure for blocking and confiscation is an administrative action of the Head of the Land Office or an appointed official to determine the status quo (freezing) on temporary land rights against changes to land law. 2) The state should protect the holder of the Land Rights Certificate because of the good faith of the holder and the state's decision to issue a certificate as proof of land rights which the state should not cancel without compensation. 3) Blocking that is not in accordance with Permen ATR/Ka.BPN 13 of 2017 about the procedure for blocking and confiscation does not only result in legal certainty not being realized, but also causes losses for the owner of the blocked certificate, both material and immaterial losses. Blocking cases has the potential to cause financial losses to the owner of the blocked certificate. Due to the block, the owner cannot access his land certificate. 4) Obstacles to land rights holders in the registration of the block because the land rights are disputed and confiscated by the Court or a dispute outside the court, the Land Rights are confiscated by PUPN/KPKNL in connection with the settlement of state receivables, so the parties are requested by the Head of the Land Office for blocking. The legal consequences for the owner of the certificate for blocking the Certificate of Land Rights at the Land Office are that the land is temporarily unable to take legal action and also the Land Office has the authority to refuse the registration of the Transfer and Transfer of Names to the Land Rights.

The Sovereign and the Sensible

AbstractThis article investigates the history of the formation of the red-light district of Tehran in 1922, to tackle larger questions about the genealogy of the constitutional Islamic state in Iran in the twentieth century. Through an engagement with the Islamic local campaign against prostitution and the state's subsequent sovereign decision to form the district, this article demonstrates how Islamic public sensibilities moved to the forefront of analytics of governance, under postconstitutional state formations (1911–). This revisionist narrative remaps the force of religion in Tehran, a city that is so often glossed as a case of state-oriented top-down secularization and subsequent Islamization in the twentieth century. The aim is not to question the process of secularization or to render it incomplete, but to demonstrate how secularism in Iran negotiated and consolidated a particular relationship between Islam and sovereign modern rule. As such, this work reads the history of the district against the grain of the grand narrative of the Islamic Revolution's (1979) moment of rupture to trace the genealogical roots of moral governance in the Islamic Republic today, within the postconstitutional state formations in the early twentieth century.

Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Bağlı Kuruluşların Evde Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Sunulmasına Dair Yönetmelik'in Kişisel Verilere İlişkin Hükmünün İptal Edilmesine İlişkin Danıştay Kararı ve Değerlendirmesi (The Council of State's Decision and Evaluation Regarding the Annulment of the Provision on Personal Data of the Regulation on the Providing of Home Health Services of the Ministry of Health and Affiliated Institutions)

Turkish Abstract: Kisisel verilerin korunmasi alaninda yapilan duzenlemeler ve yasanan gelismeler, bu alanin gun gectikce daha cok hayatimiza girmesine sebep olmustur. Konuyla ilgili her gun yeni bir yargilama sureci baslamakta, yargi mercileri tarafindan karar verilmekte veya yeni bir tartisma konusu dogmakta. Bu durum hem kisisel verilerin korunmasi hukukunun gelismesine ve hukukcular tarafindan uygulanabilirliginin artmasina hem de toplumun kisisel verilerin korunmasi gerekliligi bilincinin olusmasina katki saglamaktadir. Zira konunun henuz cok yeni olmasindan dolayi hukuk uygulayicilarinin bile zorluk yasadigi gorulmektedir. Konunun ozellikle yargilama makamlari tarafindan zamanla anlasilmaya basladigina ve veri koruma bilincinin olustuguna dair en guzel orneklerinden biri de yakin zamanda Danistay 15. Dairesi tarafindan verilen bu konuya ilgili iptal karariyla gerceklesmistir 1. Kararda kisisel verilerin korunmasinin Anayasa hukmuyle guvence altina alindiginin ve bu alana iliskin duzenlemelerin yalnizca kanunla yapilmasi gerektigi hakli ve yerinde olarak vurgulanmistir. Yargilama Surecinin Gelisimi Karar konusu olayda, Turk Tabipleri Birligi tarafindan 27.02.2015 tarihinde 29280 sayili Resmi Gazete' de yayinlanarak yururluge giren Saglik Bakanligi ve Bagli Kuruluslarin Evde Saglik Hizmetlerinin Sunulmasina Dair Yonetmelik in yasal dayanagi bulunmadigi ve noksan oldugu gerekceleriyle tumunun; hukuka aykirilik bulunmasi nedeniyle ise bazi maddelerinin iptali istemiyle Saglik Bakanligi'na karsi Danistay'da dava acilmistir English Abstract: Regulations and developments in the field of protection of personal data have caused this field to enter our lives more and more day by day. A new trial process starts every day on the subject, a decision is made by the judicial authorities or a new subject of discussion arises. This situation contributes to the development of personal data protection law and the increase of its applicability by lawyers and the public awareness of the need to protect personal data. Because the issue is still very new, it is seen that even law enforcers have difficulties. One of the best examples of the fact that the issue has begun to be understood especially by the judicial authorities and the awareness of data protection has been created recently with the annulment decision given by the 15th Department of the Council of State. It was emphasized that it should be done by law, justly and properly. Development of the Judicial Process In the incident subject to the decision, the Regulation on the Provision of Home Health Services by the Ministry of Health and Affiliated Institutions, which was published in the Official Gazette numbered 29280 on 27.02.2015, on the grounds that there is no legal basis and is incomplete; A lawsuit was filed against the Ministry of Health at the Council of State for the cancellation of some of its articles due to the violation of the law.

Private Capital in the Railway Construction Process in Turkestan (70s of the 19th -Early 20th Centuries)

The state and private capital, mainly foreign, were the main actors of Russian railway network creating process in the post-reform period. At the same time, in Turkestan, the Russian Government consciously discouraged private initiatives in the field of railway construction for a long time, preventing private capital from acquiring the quality of an actor along with the state. Although the government maintained a policy of building railways in the region at the Treasury expense, since the 1870s it has regularly received applications for the right to build Railways on the terms of private concessions. The article examines the content of private railway projects and the nature of concession rights that entrepreneurs requested from the government. The author comes to the conclusion that most of them preceded the state's decisions on the railway line construction in Turkestan, as in the case of the Trans-Caspian railway line extension from Samarkand to Tashkent and Andijan. In this regard, private initiative played a role as a factor in the state's decision - making process on the further development of the region's railway network.

Interdependence and the cost of uncoordinated responses to COVID-19

Social distancing is the core policy response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). But, as federal, state and local governments begin opening businesses and relaxing shelter-in-place orders worldwide, we lack quantitative evidence on how policies in one region affect mobility and social distancing in other regions and the consequences of uncoordinated regional policies adopted in the presence of such spillovers. To investigate this concern, we combined daily, county-level data on shelter-in-place policies with movement data from over 27 million mobile devices, social network connections among over 220 million Facebook users, daily temperature and precipitation data from 62,000 weather stations, and county-level census data on population demographics to estimate the geographic and social network spillovers created by regional policies across the United States. Our analysis shows that the contact patterns of people in a given region are significantly influenced by the policies and behaviors of people in other, sometimes distant, regions. When just one-third of a state's social and geographic peer states adopt shelter-in-place policies, it creates a reduction in mobility equal to the state's own policy decisions. These spillovers are mediated by peer travel and distancing behaviors in those states. A simple analytical model calibrated with our empirical estimates demonstrated that the "loss from anarchy" in uncoordinated state policies is increasing in the number of noncooperating states and the size of social and geographic spillovers. These results suggest a substantial cost of uncoordinated government responses to COVID-19 when people, ideas, and media move across borders.

Social-economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on aesthetic centers in Greece.

BackgroundEpidemics are a major cause of health problems in developing countries, preventing the accumulation of human capital and economic growth. On the appearance of the pandemic of the new coronavirus COVID‐19 worldwide, this survey was carried out in the 4th week of the occurrence of the cases in Greece.ObjectivesThe investigation was aimed at the social and economic impact caused by this COVID‐19 pandemic and the state's decision to suspend the operation of businesses and stores in Greece.Materials and methodsOne hundred and fifty‐eight esthetic centers from various areas of Greece were participated in this study, and the questionnaires were sent electronically to the business owners. Statistical analyzes were conducted using Google Forms and the questionnaires analyzed through PSPP software.ResultsBased on their answers and the statistical analyzes, it was calculated the reduction of the monthly income for the first month of suspension of the operation of their companies. Additionally, social‐related matters were examined as, how they experience this period, psychologically, financially, what problems they believe that they will face, and what changes in their work that could result from the pandemic.DiscussionThere is no similar study and experience for esthetic centers from a viral pandemic in literature. The suspension of operations provoked serious financial problems and significant psychological burden about what “tomorrow will bring” with returning to “normalcy.”

Comparison Of The Implementation Of Pre-Court Process Before And After The Constitutional Court Decision Number: 21 / PUU-XII / 2014 In The Batang State Court

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the basis of the court's authority to examine and decide on pretrial lawsuits, analyze and describe the legal force of pretrial decisions regarding the illegitimacy of determining criminal suspects and describe the comparative implementation of pretrial proceedings before and after the Constitutional Court ruling Number: 21 / PUU-XII / 2014 in the Batang State CourtThis research uses descriptive research type with sociological juridical and normative juridical, data collection method with literature study, observation and content analysis.At the end of the study the authors concluded that although the Constitutional Court's decision was indeed final and binding and binding and legal remedies could not be made anymore (a final decision). However, that does not mean automatically changing the Criminal Procedure Code. Because these changes can only be made by official institutions appointed by the State, namely the President and the Parliament which are the state's decision. Pre-trial objects prior to the enactment of the Constitutional Court Decision Number: 21 / PUU-XII / 2014, consisting of: whether or not a forced act of force (in the form of: arrest, detention, search and seizure); the validity of the termination of the investigation or the termination of the prosecution; and compensation or rehabilitation of pretrial objects after the entry into force of the Constitutional Court Decision Number: 21 / PUU-XII / 2014, namely the addition of a pretrial object over the validity of determining the suspect. In addition, the implications of the a quo Constitutional Court ruling also affect the validity of arrest and the validity of detention must be based on the objective requirements of the investigator; through two pieces of evidence and an examination of a prospective suspect in order to fulfill the allegation of "preliminary evidence, sufficient preliminary evidence, and sufficient evidence".Keywords: Pretrial; MK Decision; Pretrial Object.