State Programs Research Articles (Page 1)

In utero acquisition of cytomegalovirus (CMV) represents the most common infectious cause of paediatric developmental disability. With a global prevalence of approximately 0.7%, congenital CMV (cCMV) infection can produce wide-ranging injury to the developing fetal and neonatal central nervous system, leading to microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, neuronal migration defects and damage to the developing cochlea and retina. Clinical sequelae include cerebral palsy, seizure disorder, intellectual disabilities, developmental delay, autism spectrum disorders, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and visual impairment. It has been generally believed that most cCMV infections are asymptomatic in nature, and are not associated with long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. This dogma, however, has been called into question in the context of several state and provincial universal cCMV screening programmes that have been implemented in recent years in the United States and Canada. Moreover, the full spectrum of neurodevelopmental sequelae amongst asymptomatic cCMV cases is just starting to be recognized. Host and/or viral factors that predict which asymptomatic infants will have sequelae, including SNHL, are unknown. This review summarizes the current state of the art with respect to the search for predictive biomarkers that can inform the prognosis of asymptomatic cCMV, and aid in decision-making about therapeutic intervention.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'The indirect effects of cytomegalovirus infection: mechanisms and consequences'.

Type of the article: Research ArticleAbstractMilitary veterans constitute a distinct social group whose socio-economic integration is becoming increasingly urgent due to the growing number of veterans, which today approaches one million individuals. The aim of this study is to assess the problems related to the socio-economic integration of military veterans and to explore potential solutions, taking into account public perceptions and the population’s readiness to support veterans. In 2024 a sociological survey targeted 516 veterans and 850 members of the general population in Ukraine. Data were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 20). The findings indicate that, despite certain societal stereotypes, the relationship between these groups is predominantly positive. The mean population assessment of conflict in relations does not exceed 2.35 points (on a five-point scale), while veterans’ assessments do not exceed 2.75 points. Veterans’ relations with state authorities responsible for social guarantees are less favorable, with evaluations ranging from 2.46 to 3.24 points. The most prevalent form of support for veterans is the willingness to provide financial or material assistance (20.6% and 24.4% of respondents, respectively). There are promising conditions for encouraging support for veteran-led businesses: 7.8% of respondents indicated a preference for purchasing goods from such enterprises. Furthermore, 9.1% of respondents expressed support for the development of economic incentives for companies established by veterans or employing veterans. The results provide a basis for improving state programs for veteran integration, suggesting that traditional support measures may be significantly strengthened by policies aimed at increasing veterans’ active participation in economic life.AcknowledgmentsSupported by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine under project No.2021.01/0343 “Ensuring social protection of ATO / JFO participants and social integration of IDP under the condition of increasing threats to social security”.

The article discusses the goals and types of business plans, the approaches of foreign and domestic scientists to this tool of strategic management and the method of solving internal business problems of the enterprise. The balance of production factors in agriculture sets the task of developing the land and property complex as the basis for the successful functioning of business structures. The key parameters of business planning take into account the need to substantiate existing or proposed directions for the development of a peasant (farming) economy from the standpoint of economic feasibility. Using the example of "IP head of K(F)X Romazanova E.N." of the Sargatsky municipal district of the Omsk region, the distribution of land by land is analyzed, the state of the property complex of K(F)X is assessed, and economic performance indicators are studied. Proposals for the development of the land and property complex "IP chapter K(F)X Romazanova E.N." include the following stages: assessment of development prospects based on SWOT analysis, development of the material and technical base, optimization of the use of land resources taking into account the ecological state of the lands, justification of the size and sources of financing of the proposed measures, assessment of the economic feasibility of the project offers. The financing of the project is proposed using state support funds within the framework of the Omsk Region state program "Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets in the Omsk region", designed for the period up to 2030. Calculations of the effectiveness of investments based on the planned period are given, and their payback period is determined. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions is complex, manifested in economic, social and environmental aspects. The proposed business plan for the development of the land and property complex makes it possible to use land resources in a balanced manner, modernize the production base, creating the basis for sustainable development of the economy in the long term.

This article examines the prospects for the development of digital and IT entrepreneurship in Russia. It identifies key success factors and risks, and proposes recommendations to support innovation initiatives and increase the industry's contribution to the national eco nomy. The study investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the formation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through factor analysis. The use of this analytical approach ensures the creation of an effective predictive model, which is crucial for making informed management decisions that support and further develop the digital economy of the Russian Federation. The study established that the contribution of ICT to GDP is dependent on the level of informatization and digitalization within organizations, the spread and use of digital and telecommunication technologies, the digital transformation, and innovative development of theeconomy and society. Based on the analysis, a forecast was developed according to which the contribution of ICT to GDP will continue to grow, albeit ata slowing pace, emphasizing the need for regular monitoring and timely responses to changes in the external environment and intra-industry factors. The results demonstrate that the primary sources of growth in the ICT sector's contribution to GDP are high levels of investment in thedigital economy and the active development of innovations. The most critical directions for future work include improving the system of statistical data collection, refining methods for evaluating the results of state program implementation, and enhancing the transparency of funding for innovative projects.

There is a nationwide shortage of sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs), particularly in rural areas, which is exacerbated by a lack of infrastructure to support newly trained SANEs in gaining practice experience. To explore the experiences of newly trained SANEs attempting to complete practice hours. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 nurses who had completed an HRSA-funded education program in a Midwestern state. SANEs identified difficulties fitting practice hours into their personal lives and navigating the logistics of coordinating practice experiences. Facilitators for practice experience were employer support, nonclinical activities, and post-training mentorship. Some participants benefited from a toolkit resource; however, the resource was less helpful for SANEs from rural areas. SANE education programs that elicit support from nurses' employers and create an infrastructure for sustained, personalized post-training mentorship may yield greater successes in supporting these nurses through certification and improving access to forensic nursing care.

Research objective . To conduct a comparative analysis of logistics risks in Kazakhstan and the USA, identifying key vulnerabilities, assessing their impact on supply chains, and developing specialized risk management strategies. Methodology . A mixed-method approach was used: quantitative analysis (World Bank LPI, trade statistics) and qualitative expert interviews. Applied SWOT analysis, risk mapping, and comparative assessment. Theoretical framework includes Sheffi (2022), ADB/WTO reports, state programs ("Nurly Zhol"). Originality/value . A comparative risk matrix for differently developed economies was created. Practical significance is evidenced by calculations: $2.1B rail gauge standardization reduces delays by 30%; NIST compliance cuts cyber incidents by 70%. Results . Structural disparities were identified: - Kazakhstan: infrastructure gaps (22% roads meet standards), geopolitical risks (68% EU transit via Russia); - USA: cyber threats ($4.3M damage/incident), climate risks ($18B annual losses). Priority solutions: for KZ – developing "Middle Corridor", for USA – port cybersecurity. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a comparative analysis of logistical risk factors in different economic contexts (notably Kazakhstan and the USA) and proposing a novel integrated theoretical and methodological framework for risk assessment and management tailored for industrial enterprises.

ABSTRACT Examining how terms such as equity, inclusion and UDL are interpreted and embedded in the work of teacher educators has implications for teacher preparation and education at large. This is particularly important as political movements within the United States seek to limit the ways educators can explore these issues related to diversity, equity, and inclusion in classrooms. This study examines how four teacher educators teaching one equity-focused course within a teacher preparation program in the southeast United States understood and embedded equity, inclusion, and UDL in their work with teacher candidates. Through a qualitative process that included semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, authors created poetic representations to highlight these educators’ understandings, but also the tensions they experienced as they guided candidates in embedding notions of equity inclusion and UDL in their work. Although teacher educators noted the promise of embedding equity, inclusion, and UDL in their practice, they noted tensions such as challenges to embedding these concepts within the structures of K-12 schools, and candidate resistance to speaking about issues of equity and inclusion in their courses. These tensions point to the need to attend to systems of oppression both in K-12 settings and universities.

Purpose – The purpose of the article is to examine the peculiarities of forming a motivation system in the construction industry of Ukraine as an element of enterprises’ personnel security and to develop a mechanism for its improvement and further advancement. Design/methodology/approach – The authors applied the method of literature review to substantiate the importance of establishing a motivation system in Ukraine’s construction industry as a component of enterprises’ personnel security, as well as to confirm the relevance of the chosen research topic. Based on the literature review, the authors provide interpretations of the conceptual framework, in particular, the definitions of “personnel motivation system” and “personnel security” as elements of the research subject. The functional role of the motivation system in the construction sector is emphasized (stimulating labor productivity growth, preventing staff turnover, retaining qualified specialists, and reducing shadow employment). It is determined that the development of an effective incentive system in the construction industry should not be a fragmentary initiative of individual enterprises but a systematic, comprehensive, and purposeful process that integrates industry-specific features, strategic objectives of organizations, current trends in the domestic labor market, and security factors. Findings – The article analyzes the dynamics of the average number of full-time employees in the domestic construction sector for the period 2017–2022. When assessing these dynamics (i.e., changes in the quantitative composition of the construction workforce), it is important to emphasize the significance of this indicator for evaluating the state and development of the industry. This indicator is sensitive to both internal economic factors (such as demand for construction works, investment levels in the sector, and state programs) and external ones (including military actions, the macroeconomic situation, and European integration processes). The article further details the interrelated stages and structural components of the motivation process in construction and systematizes innovative solutions for forming a motivation system for employees in the sector. Practical implications – The results of this study are relevant to the management systems of construction enterprises, since personnel motivation in the domestic construction sector requires radical renewal and reform, implying the integration of digital, social, and behavioral instruments. Only through a comprehensive and personalized approach can a stable and secure human resource potential be ensured, which is essential for rebuilding Ukraine’s infrastructure in the post-war period. Expected results – The implementation of the proposed mechanism is anticipated to lead to the following outcomes: reduction of staff turnover, retention of key specialists (enhancement of personnel security); improvement of professional training of employees; development of a stable workforce loyal to the enterprise and its owners; and an increase in the competitiveness of both enterprises and the industry as a whole.

Implications of waterfowl impoundments as a response to sea-level driven saltwater intrusion.

Use of genome sequencing as a screening tool for newborn screening has been an area of considerable interest worldwide. Genomic-based screening offers opportunities for identifying many more conditions for which new, transformative treatments are emerging, especially for conditions without biomarkers. The current newborn screening system lacks capacity to meet the demand that is only growing and modernization is needed. But many challenges exist regarding building the infrastructure needed for large-scale implementation of genome sequencing in newborn screening, such as cost, workforce needs, scientific and technical issues, coordination across state programs, privacy issues, ethical and legal concerns, and uncertain federal leadership. Numerous pilot studies and national initiatives both in the U.S. and internationally focused on genome sequencing in newborn screening are contributing data about feasibility, acceptability and health, behavioral and economic outcomes. As this experience and knowledge evolves, the changes to newborn screening practices will likely develop over time. It will be important for advanced practice nurses to participate as members of the community of stakeholders to help shape the evolution of newborn screening which has long been regarded as a major public health success.

In modern conditions, climate change is recognized as one of the most acute and high-priority global problems that require urgent solutions. In this regard, in most countries of the world, special attention is paid to the implementation of a set of measures aimed at countering climate threats. Among such measures, an important place is occupied by the green transformation of energy systems, as well as the development and implementation of decarbonization strategies. The transition to a climate-neutral model of development of energy systems and energy networks necessitates the search for and attraction of non-traditional sources of investment, primarily in the form of sustainable financing. This approach is a key mechanism for stimulating the activities of critical energy infrastructure facilities aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing adaptive capacity to the consequences of climate change. Based on this, the relevance of the problem, which has both a scientific and methodological and practical dimension, determined the purpose of this article – to study the impact of the sustainable financing mechanism on the efficiency of energy infrastructure development. To achieve this goal, methods of statistical, bibliometric and trend analysis, as well as structural and logical generalization, were used. Their application made it possible to assess the dynamics of publication activity on the selected topic; determine the main areas of scientific research; identify key trends and existing gaps in this area. The results obtained form a comprehensive picture of the current state and prospects for the development of research in the field of sustainable financing of energy infrastructure. This creates a basis for the development of state programs, policies, and national strategies for the green transformation of energy systems in any country in the world, taking into account the characteristics of its economic development. In addition, such developments will contribute to the formation of an effective mechanism for sustainable financing of energy infrastructure as a tool for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea has a high prevalence in the Brazilian population and is strongly associated with cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities. The main treatment for this disease is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure therapy. The aim of this research is to determine the requirements established by each State Health Department in Brazil for the supply of this device to users equipment to patients using the Sistema Único de Saúde. The data was collected by contacting Health Departments via electronic communication systems and telephone calls during the year 2024. The results showed that among the Brazilian states and the Federal District, 48% have a program to supply the equipment. Regarding the required criteria, there are several barriers to meeting them, such as the difficulty of access to polysomnography, the difficulty of meeting all the requirements of the Health Departments and the availability of specialist professionals accepted in the state programs. The conclusion is that it is necessary to implement effective programs to provide this device, in order to facilitate patient access to treatment.

The article focuses on the importance of the role of public policy in the development of public-private partnership (hereinafter referred to as PPP) using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The objective of the article is to prove that the effectiveness of public-private partnership is determined by the quality of public policy, and not only by the amount of financing, using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The hypothesis about the presence of structural imbalances in the PPP of the Republic of Tatarstan is tested, despite the leadership in the all-Russian investment climate ratings. The research methodology includes a set of scientific methods: 1) institutional analysis of the structure and interaction of government bodies of the Republic of Tatarstan; 2) comparative analysis of the dynamics of financing of state programs, distribution of PPP projects by industries/forms/stages and rating dynamics (ASI, Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation); 3) statistical analysis of the shares of extra-budgetary financing, dominant legal forms; 4) content analysis of the regulatory framework of the Republic of Tatarstan; 5) SWOT analysis of the PPP model. The practical significance of the study lies in the recommendations aimed at specific measures for the Republic of Tatarstan: diversification of PPP instruments, development of industry risk standards with guarantees for investors, updating the Law of the Republic of Tatarstan No. 50-ZRT. The results form an algorithm for overcoming «investment traps» for leading regions. The theoretical significance of the study lies in identifying the correlation between institutional maturity and structural imbalances in PPP. The results of the study revealed critical imbalances: 1) 78% of PPP projects (127 out of 163) are concentrated in the housing and communal services sector with a minimal presence in the social sphere; 2) 95.7% of projects are implemented as concessions, flexible forms are rarely used; 3) the share of extra-budgetary financing of state programs is only 3.69%, 79.4% of programs are entirely budgetary; 4) the «institutional paradox» is confirmed: a developed management system did not prevent the fall of the Republic of Tatarstan in the PPP rating of the Ministry of Economic Development. The key reason is legal rigidity and the lack of industry-specific risk distribution models.

The article is devoted to the study of administrative and legal mechanisms for the reintegration of war veterans in the conditions of a special period, which is caused by military aggression against Ukraine and the long-term impact of crisis processes on all spheres of public life. The work proves that war veterans constitute a specific social group that requires a holistic system of legal, organizational and administrative guarantees for successful adaptation to peaceful life, return to professional activity, as well as ensuring proper social and psychological protection. It is determined that administrative and legal mechanisms are a key tool of public administration aimed at forming a transparent, effective and inclusive state policy in the field of veteran support. The article analyzes the modern regulatory and legal framework of Ukraine that regulates the issues of social protection and reintegration of veterans, outlines its strengths and weaknesses. Particular attention is paid to the problem of fragmentation of legal regulation, insufficient coordination between central and local authorities, as well as a weak mechanism for monitoring the implementation of state programs. The importance of integrating international experience, in particular the practices of NATO and EU countries, where comprehensive models of rehabilitation, professional retraining and long-term support for veterans operate, is emphasized. The author emphasizes that the effectiveness of reintegration policy is possible only if administrative procedures are combined with innovative social services, the development of e-governance and the broad involvement of civil society institutions. It is concluded that administrative and legal mechanisms in the field of veterans’ reintegration should provide for: systematic legal support; clear procedures for veterans’ access to services and benefits; the creation of a single digital platform for accounting and support of veterans; the implementation of socio-psychological rehabilitation programs; the introduction of an effective mechanism for interdepartmental coordination. The implementation of these areas will contribute to the formation of an effective state policy in the field of reintegration, increasing the level of trust in the authorities and ensuring sustainable development of society in the conditions of a special period.

Professional learning (PL) is universally lauded as essential to enhancing teaching quality and retention for aspiring teachers, yet it is a difficult balancing act for program and P12 school leaders trying to administer the many intricate components of a teacher residency program while implementing meaningful PL for residents. Grounded in complexity theory, this mixed methods case study examines PL experiences among residents ( N = 36 ) across four cohorts within the Teacher Education Residency Consortium (TERC) program in the southwestern United States. Three themes related to balance emerged from the quantitative and qualitative findings: (a) an appropriate quantity of PL experiences, (b) an adequate measure of PL programmatic support, and (c) residents’ ability to hone time management skills to succeed in all their competing responsibilities during a yearlong residency. The implications are conceived as five coherent policy and practice conditions for residency implementers aiding the PL journey of aspiring teachers.

The purpose of the study is to consider the strategic tools for the spatial development of rural areas in the context of the state program «Integrated Development of Rural Areas in the Novosibirsk Region». The article presents an overview of regulatory legal acts on the topic of «spatial development of rural areas»”. Based on the bibliometric analysis, relevant articles were selected, the contribution of Russian scientists to the theory of spatial development was studied. The result of the empirical study was a map of the key settlements of the Novosibirsk Region. The strategic aspects of the spatial development of rural areas (socio-economic and socially-oriented aspects, spatial organization and sustainability of development) were analyzed. Strategic tools for the spatial development of rural areas are identified. The main problems of the development of rural areas in the Novosibirsk Region and their focus on infrastructure development are identified; directions for solving these problems are shown. The goals, objectives, indicators, as well as the results of the implemented activities within the framework of the state program of the Novosibirsk Region «Integrated Development of Rural Areas in the Novosibirsk Region» for the period 2020-2024 are considered. The article presents the results of an expert assessment of the quality of strategies for the socio-economic development of municipal entities in the Novosibirsk Region according to the integrated assessment methodology. In conclusion, conclusions are made on the prospects for further research.

The article examines scenarios for the development of Ukraine’s water infrastructure up to 2035, taking into account European approaches to economic modeling and risk analysis. It has been established that the vulnerability of Ukraine’s water sector is caused by military destruction and, at the same time, long-term climate risks, which determine the framework for possible development scenarios. It is emphasized that the energy crisis is an additional barrier to the stable functioning of water management systems, since the energy intensity of water supply in Ukraine is almost twice the European average. It is determined that the tariff policy needs to be revised, taking into account a risk-oriented approach that allows increasing the system’s resilience to crisis impacts. It is noted that the war has caused large-scale destruction of infrastructure and significantly increased financial needs, which are estimated at $11.3 billion over the next decade. It was outlined that the modernization of sewage treatment plants and water supply systems requires the largest investment costs, which are priority areas for recovery. Regional differentiation in the level of wear and tear of water supply networks was considered, which demonstrates the instability of modernization processes and significant disparities between regions. It has been found that local investment programs can temporarily improve the situation, but their unevenness creates unstable dynamics. It is emphasized that crisis conditions, in particular the war, have caused a sharp deterioration in indicators in a number of regions, which needs to be taken into account in forecast scenarios. The importance of using European risk analysis methods to model the relationship between financial, technological, and security parameters is emphasized. It is noted that the implementation of European directives into the national legal system forms the basis for harmonizing standards and creating a comprehensive development strategy. The importance of the Concept of State Programs in the Field of Water Supply and Sanitation Modernization, aimed at integrating environmental, technical, and social aspects, was determined. It was noted that the implementation of EU directives on drinking water quality, wastewater treatment, and water resource management ensures the integration of risk management and digital technologies into planning processes. It has been established that digitalization, which is actively used in EU countries, is gradually becoming a determining factor in improving the efficiency of water system management and quality monitoring. It has been emphasized that the strategic course towards European integration provides for the transformation of the industry in accordance with the principles of a “green” economy and environmental sustainability.

The National Association of State and Mental Health Program Directors (NASMHPD) this month released an updated version of its Behavioral Health Workforce Resource Guide (https:/nasmhpd.org/wp‐content/uploads/nasmhpd‐workforce‐resource‐guide‐september.pdf). This new version includes additional innovative ideas and successful workforce strategies being implemented by states and territories and provides updates on outcomes of initiatives described in the prior iteration of the guide. Collectively, these strategies have the potential to improve the public behavioral health sector's ability to recruit and retain staff, while simultaneously improving the system of care for individuals served, NASMHPD stated.

National projects have become a tool for state strategic planning of the Republic of Kazakhstan since 2021. They are associated with the transition from previously used state programs to the format of fairly concise national projects, in which the goals, financing and responsible persons would be clear to all citizens. National projects were supposed to replace state programs. The revision, allocation of new projects and cancellation of the projects of the first list, which occurred later, showed the presence of errors both in project planning and in the implementation of activities, and in achieving the set goals. The purpose of the study is to identify the risks and problems associated with the achievement of the set goals both in the already canceled national projects of the first list and in the national projects of the Republic of Kazakhstan that are currently in effect. It will be important to identify the shortcomings of the initially developed and adopted system, taking into account the actual achievement of the goals set in the national projects, taking into account the possible achievement of those goals that are in the current national projects. The scientific significance of the article lies in the systematization of the theory of goal-setting in state strategic planning. The practical significance of the article lies in identifying errors and developing recommendations for the formation of goals and related indicators in the system of state strategic planning

Gender policy plays a strategic role in ensuring the sustainable socio-economic development of Kazakhstan, as it aims to achieve equal rights and opportunities for women and men, along with the effective use of human capital. This article explores the main directions of gender-responsive budgeting and the improvement of gender policy monitoring in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study seeks to identify the dynamics of financing state and regional programs, evaluate their effectiveness, and outline prospects for strengthening monitoring mechanisms. The methodological framework involves horizontal and vertical analysis, a comparative approach, and content analysis of legal acts, strategic documents, and statistical materials, ensuring comprehensiveness and objectivity of results. The scientific novelty lies in a systematic assessment of the experience of implementing gender-responsive budgeting, including an analysis of women’s entrepreneurship support programs (Coca-Cola Belesteri, Umay, Umit), as well as educational and social initiatives, and their connection with national strategic priorities. The practical significance of the research is determined by the development of recommendations to improve targeting of budget expenditures, strengthen institutional monitoring, and introduce modern tools for evaluating effectiveness. The findings demonstrate that forming a sustainable system of gender-responsive budgeting requires not only adequate financial resources but also the integration of gender indicators into all levels of strategic planning, thereby contributing to the long-term development of a more equitable and gender-sensitive social policy