State-owned Land Research Articles

State intervention in land pricing and endogenous risk aversion

<p><big>This study explores the cause and effect of endogenous risk aversion in land pricing, where state intervention through taxation remains a general practice. Using a consumption-based asset pricing model incorporating taxation, it is shown that high taxation, due to the indexation effect, supporting land prices and reducing individuals' risk expectations, could lead to an endogenous decrease in risk aversion, which could result in market dysfunction because risk aversion plays a key role in the market mechanism. China, with its wholly state-owned land and the general use of land sales to cover financial deficits, is a typical case for empirical tests. The tests confirm that there, the rise in land prices was driven by the increase in reserve prices set by local governments, a strong means of taxation, and not by the market, indicating the endogenous decrease in risk aversion.</big></p>

The Influence of Agrarian Reform, Social Capital, Farmer Spirituality and Personal Tribute on Farmers' Welfare in Kabupaten Bogor, West Java

Residents in various villages to have agricultural land. The distribution of soil types in the agrarian reform program in Kabupaten Bogor is divided into two categories, namely paddy fields and dry land. The number of family members beneficiaries of agrarian reform has an average of around 3-4 people with a standard deviation of 1.3. Agricultural land ownership status affects the welfare of farmers. Social capital is related to cooperation in a society to achieve a better quality of life supported by values ​​and norms as the main elements including trust, reciprocity and collective rules. The influence of spirituality on the welfare of farmers in Bogor Regency is very important to have. Some farmers think that having a high level of education is not important to work as a farmer. Personal attributes influence the welfare of farmers in Bogor Regency. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of the agrarian reform program, social capital, farmer spirituality and personal attributes on the welfare of farmers in Kabupaten Bogor, West Java. This study was designed using a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. Moreover, To find out how much influence these personal attributes have, this study uses 5 (five) conceptual points in the hypothesis. The five points that influence personal attributes include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness. Most of the farmers feel less confident in carrying out their agricultural tasks, but they have good communication skills and are full of enthusiasm.

Potential Land Reserves for Agriculture in Indonesia: Suitability and Legal Aspect Supporting Food Sufficiency

Information on land reserves is crucial and required to support agricultural development in relation to increased population pressure, food demand, and food security. This research aims to identify and evaluate idle abandoned land based on biophysical suitability, status of land concessions, and forest areas to determine potential land reserves for agricultural development to support food security in Indonesia. The results show that, at the national level, the area of suitable abandoned lands for agricultural extensification is 27.7 million ha, but most of these lands have concession permits and are located in forest areas, so 12.4 million ha are still available, with the largest area being in dry land. The identification of abandoned land by employing satellite imagery in 54 districts resulted in a smaller acreage compared to abandoned land being mapped formally at 1:250,000. After considering land ownership and forest status, both sources resulted in similar areas at a scale of 1:50,000 and 1:250,000, i.e., 6.1 million ha and 6.0 million ha, respectively. It seems that land ownership and forest status adjusted the total acreage of identified land reserves at different map scales. An area of around 7.4 million ha will be required to meet food demand in 2045 by assuming constant consumption per capita. We found about 1.7 million ha as potential land reserves, most of which are in conversion or production forests areas. Converting forests or utilizing drylands could be potential alternatives to deal with the lack of land for food production. Moreover, due to limited wetlands, the use of reserve land in that agroecological zone should be in accordance with its designation, comply with the priority principles, and be supported by government regulations and policies, so that food security can be maintained until 2045.

Land Mafia Case Handling Through the Optimalization of Land Mafia Task Force Role

Introduction: Various aspects regarding the importance of land often become conflicts in the society, such as land ownership status conflict, land tenure status conflict and compensation for land acquisition and usage. The forms of the legal mafia practice are brokers in buying and selling cases, bribes, illegal levies and land mafia due to inaccurate land data.Purposes of the Research: Explaining and analyzing how the state has handled cases of land mafia practices so far and the optimization of the role of the Land Mafia Task Force in preventing and eradicating the practice of the Land Mafia..Methods of the Research: The approach of the research is qualitative, verificative, evaluative, through statutory approach, and case approach. With documentation data collection techniques, audiovisual materials, and supported by interviews.Results of the Research: The handling of cases of land mafia practices through optimizing the role of the Land Mafia Task Force so far has never reflected the principle of prudence and respect for land rights holders. In handling land mafia cases, actions are often done arbitrarily to the detriment of the actual land rights holders that they do not reflect justice, balance, and does not protect the ownerships’ rights. The legal formula optimizes the role of the Land Mafia Task Force in preventing and eradicating land mafia practices, which is the formation of a Special Cross-Ministerial Team and Academics by making SOPs and technical instructions in carrying out activities to prevent and eradicate land mafia.

The influence of income and loss on hunters' attitudes towards wild pigs and their management

AbstractWild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the most pervasive invasive species in North America. Wild pigs pose a threat to crops, livestock, and the environment, but also provide recreational hunting opportunities. There are avenues for some stakeholder groups to generate income from wild pigs, however, stakeholders vary in attitudes towards wild pigs and their management. We investigated whether financial loss and income resulting from wild pigs influenced hunter stakeholder attitudes towards their management in Texas. We examined how land use influenced hunting landowner attitudes towards wild pigs. We analyzed 22,176 responses (8,707 landowners, 13,469 nonlandowners) from Texas hunters to the Texas A&M Human Dimensions of Wild Pigs Survey. Attitudes towards wild pigs varied significantly based on landownership status and whether land was used for agricultural practices. In addition, landowners who received income from wild pigs on their land considered government or agency hunting to be a less acceptable method of control than those who did not generate such income. However, effect sizes for all our results were small (η2 ≤ 0.05, Adj. R2 ≤ 0.09, and McFadden's R2 ≤ 0.07) and, across all groups, attitudes towards wild pigs were negative. Few respondents (3.91% of landowners, 0.56% of non‐landowners) reported generating income from wild pigs, and reported losses were approximately 4 times greater than income.

PTSL Program in the Context of Conflict Prevention and Land Disputes

That the status of land ownership in Indonesia is still not completely registered, for example customary landin a few Territories in Indonesia are still not registered, so in order to obtain proof of land ownership, parties who control customary property rights must submit an application for land registrationfirst time through the local land office. Often, in several cases, customary land cannot be registered due to various reasons, such as a lack of information or the unavailability of a fee to register the land. Customary land that has not been registered will result in the vulnerability of land disputes or conflictsin later days, and this is anticipated by establishing a Complete Systematic Land Registration procedure by the Government through the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning with the APBN/APBD budget. The purpose of this legal research is nothing elseis as a means of adding knowledge in the field of law which is expected to be of benefit to practitioners and the public. Methods This legal research uses a normative juridical research method which is carried out by examining literature or secondary data using a conceptual, statutory and case approach. The results of this study are that PTSL can be a solution for the Government in completing the programcertification all plots of land that exist on Indonesian soil and can prevent and know which land plots will have the potential for conflict, the benefits of PTSL can also reduce the potential for misconduct by village officials in providing land history documents or proof of physical ownership of customary land. That PTSL has a series of procedures that are passed by involving the village to get maximum results in issuingcertificate which is the spearhead of the PTSL activities. The series of PTSL procedures, namely planning, location determination, preparation, formation and determination of the PTSL adjudication committee and task force, counseling, collection of physical data and collection of juridical data, research on juridical data to prove rights, announcement of physical data and juridical data and their ratification, confirmation of conversion, recognition of rights and grant of rights, bookkeeping of rights, issuance of certificates of land rights, documentation and submission of activity results and reporting.

SENGKETA TANAH PARTIKELIR DI JAWA SETELAH BERLAKUNYA UU NO. 1 TAHUN 1958

This article discusses post-colonial private land policies. Private land became colonial owned land (VOC) which was given voluntarily to people who were considered meritorious for the Netherlands (former VOC employees, camat). The main problem is related to land disputes over changes in private land ownership after Law No. 1 of 1958 concerning the abolition of private land. The purpose of this article is to describe the problems that arose after the private land policy was abolished and to describe the status of ex-private land ownership rights to the property of the state or individuals and to analyze the solutions to these problems. Using historical methods and a statutory approach, this article is compiled based on the primary and secondary data obtained and then described and presented in systematic writing to answer the problem. From the results of the research, it was concluded that the problem arose due to the conversion of ex-private land into individual or state property which was determined in accordance with the terms and regulations that were in force.

Analysis of rice farmers access to agricultural credit and profitability in South Togo

Purpose- Access to suitable production means is required for producers to improve their profitability. As a result, agricultural financing appears to be a critical tool for attaining this goal. Various programs and donors have been attempting for decades to put together initiatives that would make it easier for the most disadvantaged populations, including the primarily agricultural rural world, to access sources of financing. Due to poor performance, the majority of these programs have failed. This study aims to investigate the determinants of credit access and how loans affect rice farm profitability. Methodology - Data for this study were collected from 102 producers living in the two biggest paddy production zones in southern Togo. The treatment effect model was used to examine the data collected through the survey investigation. Findings- Gender, asset type, producer experience, access to credit information, primary occupation, and land ownership status of the producer are all factors in determining rice growers' access to credit. Gender, producer experience, access to credit information, and land ownership status all have a beneficial impact on credit availability. However, asset type and the producer's main occupation have a negative impact. It also demonstrates that whether rice farms have access to loans has little bearing on their profitability. On the other hand, the average treatment impact of credit access is statistically significant. It also shows that the farmer's degree of education, expertise in the field, and lastly, the size of rice field farmed are the most important elements affecting the profitability of rice fields. Conclusion- The findings have policy implications, increasing the channels for disseminating credible information about funding sources, access procedures and the institutions in charge of these funding sources. Integrating the enhancement of farmers' educational levels into rural support initiatives, and the extension of major agricultural landscaping works undertaken by the government to other areas suitable for rice cultivation. Keywords: Agricultural credit, rice production, Probit-2SLS model, Togo. JEL Codes: C26, D14, Q14

Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Berdasarkan Status Penguasaan Lahan di Kecamatan Grabag Kabupaten Purworejo

Rice production in Grabag District has relatively increased even though the harvested area has decreased. High production does not guarantee that the income received by farmers is also high. Rice productivity in Grabag District has not yet reached optimal productivity. Meanwhile, based on land tenure status, rice farmers affect the level of income. The purpose of this study was to analyze how much the income of rice farmers in the District of Grabag based on land tenure status. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive analysis, analysis of farm income and R/C ratio, and ANOVA difference test. The results of the analysis show that rice farming in the Grabag District is financially and economically profitable based on the type of land ownership. The largest income is received by farmers with their own land ownership status. One of the biggest cost component factors is the use of labor (TKLK) so that reducing the number of workers needs to be considered in rice farming in Grabag District.

The Legal Status Of Land Tenure Of Foreign Nationals Obtained Through Public Auction On The Object Of Mortgage Rights

The concept of citizenship stipulates that non-citizens are prohibited from acquiring land ownership in Indonesia, meaning that "only Indonesian citizens are eligible for land ownership rights in Indonesia." This regulation is outlined in Article 21 and Article 26, paragraph (2) of the UUPA. If a foreign national is unable to own land, they are granted land tenure status through auctions, entailing rights of usage or other entitlements. This situation can potentially lead to issues of legal ambiguity and inconsistencies in the regulations governing property rights for foreign nationals who acquire land through auctioned mortgage rights. The primary concern addressed by the author is to determine the status of the auction minutes document as proof of land rights transfer to foreign nationals and the legal status of land rights control held by foreign nationals who obtain property through mortgage rights auctions. The objective of this study is to investigate and analyze the validity of the auction minutes document as evidence of land rights transfer to foreigners and to analyze the legal status of land rights held by foreign nationals who acquire property through mortgage rights auctions. The research employs a normative juridical research method, specifically a normative legal research approach. This approach encompasses both a statutory analysis and a conceptual analysis. Based on the findings of this research: 1. The auction minutes' position as evidence of the transfer of land ownership rights to foreign nationals indicates that these minutes, prepared by the auctioneer, can serve as a valid basis for documenting the transfer of rights to foreign nationals. 2. Regarding the legal status of land ownership obtained by foreign nationals through mortgage rights auctions, it is established that such land ownership is legally valid. Foreign nationals can manage this land under usage rights status, with the utilization rights in the name of foreign nationals being subject to the prescribed rights transfer procedures.

An Overview of the Legal Status of Land Ownership in Bangladesh

The determination of land ownership is one of the fundamental issues in the property law of any jurisdiction. Also, the concept of ownership in jurisprudence owes to the idea of land ownership for the development of many theories on ownership. The concept of land ownership is pivotal for various significant personal to governmental matters ranging from interpersonal trade to state taxes and revenues. The legal status of land ownership in Bengal varies in different periods of history. The intention of this paper is to find out the legal framework of land ownership in Bangladesh by dissecting and analyzing relevant constitutional provisions, statutes, theories, histories, and practices. The paper finds the recognition of private ownership of land with some legal restrictions along with the presence of state and co-operative land ownership in the current legal framework of Bangladesh. The paper also finds some practical official and documentation-related dilemmas in the establishment and recognition process of land ownership in Bangladesh. The author finally recommends some escaping measures to ameliorate the present lacunae of land ownership in Bangladesh.

Споры об определении размера арендной платы за пользование государственным земельным участком как последствие заключения договора аренды неуполномоченным публичным субъектом

The article deals with the consequences of concluding a lease agreement for a state-owned land plot by an unauthorised person, including the issue of the agreement validity, establishing the correct amount of rent, recalculating rent for the previous period of use, and the relationship between public entities regarding the paid rent. In this situation, civil law relations are complicated by a public element. Considering this, the analysis is given taking into account the principles for determining the rent for state-owned land plots, as well as reductions of payment and other regulations that restricts the right of the parties to independently determine the amount of rent. Some procedural aspects and difficulties of settlement of such disputes are also considered.

‘As a farmer you've just got to learn to cope’: Understanding dairy farmers' perceptions of climate change and adaptation decisions in the lower South Island of Aotearoa-New Zealand

The impacts and implications of climate change – such as floods, droughts, heavy rainfall and increased regulation – are affecting dairy farming practices in the lower South Island (Te Waipaounamu) of Aotearoa-New Zealand. Adapting to these changes, in an equitable and transformational manner, is dependent on understanding the underlying root causes of vulnerability alongside local knowledge and values. We apply an intersectional values-based and contextual analysis to describe how past and present processes of agrarian change interact across different farmer identities to influence adaptive pathways. Local knowledge, place-based experience, values and perceptions of fairness intersect with different facets of a farmer's identity – such as financial capacity, land ownership status, debt arrangements, age and gendered participation – to enable or constrain adaptive action. Notably, notions of fairness, whether real or perceived, vary across farmer groups, and influence the kinds of adaptation activities that dairy farmers are willing, or potentially able, to engage in. The results call for more contextualised engagement with farming communities, and highlight the need to build a shared understanding of the complex historical, social, economic, cultural and environmental drivers of past, present and future change, in this highly productive, yet risky, agricultural landscape.

THE EXISTENCE OF CUSTOMARY LAND LAW IN THE CUSTOMARY LAW COMMUNITY (MHA) KADIE LIYA IN WAKATOBI DISTRICT

The existence of customary land in the KadieLiya customary law community is still recognized legally formal existence as stipulated in Article 18 B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, 1945 Constitution Article 28I paragraph 3, Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles (UUPA), Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, Law No. 39 of 2014 concerning Plantations, Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning, Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, and Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages and this is also strengthened by the issuance of Wakatobi Regent Regulation 40 of 2017 concerning Protection and Management of Coastal and Marine Resources Based on KadieLiya Customary Law Community. 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government, and Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages and this is also strengthened by the issuance of the Wakatobi Regent Regulation 40 of 2017 concerning Protection and Management of Coastal and Marine Resources Based on the KadieLiya Customary Law Community, South Wangi-Wangi District, Wakatobi Regency, but empirically fading and weakening the existence of indigenous peoples institutions in managing KadieLiya customary land. The KadieLiya Customary Law Community feels limited in scope, especially in the management of their Customary Land, in addition to the difficulty of issuing a Certificate of Ownership of the land because the government claims that the land of the KadieLiya Customary Law Community is state-owned land.

Jatimalang Beach Tourism Management Strategy, Purworejo District

The focus of this research is the strategy and development of beach tourism in Purworejo Regency in managing Jatimalang beach tourism objects. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategy of the Purworejo district government in managing the Jatimalang beach tourism object. The method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach using conceptual models of theories related to management and development strategies according to Karyono (1997). The results of the study show that the strategy of the Purworejo Regency Government service in managing the Jatimalang beach tourism object has not been maximized because many of the strategies made are still at the planning stage. The supporting factors in managing the Jatimalang beach are investors who want to work together and the potential for a good beach and the inhibiting factors are unclear land ownership status, budget constraints, and lack of public awareness in caring for Jatimalang beach facilities and infrastructure.

PENERAPAN ITIKAD BAIK PARA PIHAK PADA PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TANAH DI DESA SEGARA MAKMUR

There are several land problems in Segara Makmur Village, this is due to the bad faith of one of the parties in the land sale and purchase agreement. Good faith according to Sutan Remy is the intention of one of the parties in carrying out an agreement not to harm the other party. But what if the land sale and purchase agreement is carried out without good faith from both parties, it will cause harm to the other party. if this happens, it is necessary to settle land disputes in Segara Makmur Village which can be resolved either through litigation or non-litigation. However, in reality, if the settlement through non-litigation is not successful and proceeds to the litigation route, it is necessary to consider several things, such as costs, time, energy, thoughts consumed and focus on resolving the dispute through litigation or court, but not a few feel disadvantaged when unable to prove or lack of evidence. The method used is legal counseling and discussions with residents of Segara Makmur Village regarding the factors that cause disputes and dispute resolution according to Indonesian positive law. The results of the question-and-answer discussion from legal counseling activities obtained 1) that the factors that cause land disputes often arise, including there are intermediaries selling land who are only concerned with profit without paying attention to the land documents that are the object of sale and purchase, not checking the status of land ownership at BPN , the implementation of the sale and purchase agreement is not based on the good faith of the parties including the intermediary 2) How is the application of the principle of good faith in resolving land disputes in Segara Makmur Village

Territoriality characteristics in housing of Kampung Bugis, Buleleng Regency, Bali

<p>One of the less well-organized residential areas in Buleleng is the Kampung Bugis settlement. The development of the Bugis Village settlement as one of the densest settlements in Buleleng does not get good regulation and control so that the village environment tends to be slum, disorganized, uncomfortable and unhealthy. The existence of Bugis Village which is increasingly dense by residents also has an impact on the density of buildings in residential areas. Unfortunately, this condition is not balanced with the arrangement and sufficient land area. Due to the high environmental pressure, residents become spatially motivated by creating “new spaces” to meet their individual needs. This is very interesting to examine so that in the future it can be used as a reference for the development of residential areas in the future. Territoriality characteristics that occur in Bugis Village are as follows, land ownership status does not really affect the formation of territorial boundaries, boundary elements are not always a marker of social identity, space that has the highest privacy always has firm territorial boundaries, space resulting from territorial expansion tends to use semi-fixed elements as a territorial marker. This happens because there is still awareness from the residents of the settlements that the expanded land is legally not their property. The territoriality formed in settlements is generally to fulfill six main needs/activities, namely: drying, gathering/playing, trading, storing goods, parking and socializing. Apart from being a territorial marker, some of the boundary elements are an embodiment of aesthetic needs.</p>

Dairy farmers' risk attitudes and their perceptions towards environmental risks in Northwest Turkey

This study aims to determine the factors that affect dairy farmers' risk attitudes and their perceptions towards environmental risks in Northwest Turkey. By the proportional sampling method, data were collected from 381 dairy farmers. The survey was performed from September 2020 to June 2021. The study data were evaluated by descriptive statistics, risk matrix method, equally likely certainty equivalent method and probit model. In this study, severe storm, excessive rainfall/flood, livestock diseases, high temperature and drought was posed an important risk for dairy farmers. The majority of them showed risk aversion behaviour. Age, education level, household size, dairy farming experience, the number of dairy cattle, the land ownership status, livestock insurance and access of agricultural credits had a significant effect on risk perceptions and attitudes of dairy farmers. As a result, these findings are expected to ensure contribution to rural development, province and region economy, insurance institutions, agricultural policy makers, and further emphasizing the importance of environmental risks in dairy farming activity

일제강점기 초기 청주면의 근대도시적 공간형성

This study aims to analyze how the space of the Joseon Dynasty changed into a modern urban space targeting the Cheongju-myeon area, which was reorganized in 1914. The data used for this analysis are cadastral maps and land registers written in 1912. Through this, it was analyzed how the land in Cheongju-myeon was used and how the landowner owned the land in Cheongju-myeon. In 1912, the land of Cheongju-myeon was used as a national land, rice paddies, fields, hybrid land, and sasa land. Among them, the land was used the most, and the rice paddies are distributed in the southeast of Myeon centered on Munoe-ri, and the fields are used mainly on the embankment of Musimcheon Stream in the southwest of Myeon. The land in Cheongju-myeon is owned by state-owned land, Koreans, Japanese, companies, and religious organizations. The state-owned land is mainly owned within Cheongju-eupseong Fortress, and the Japanese mainly own it inside Cheongju-eupseong Fortress and outside the south gate. The modern urban space of Cheongju-myeon is progressing in the south direction around Cheongju Eupseong Fortress, and the existing rice paddies and fields are actively used as land and roads.

Kajian Ekologi Lanskap Sawah dan Pilihan Praktik Pengelolaan Jerami Padi di Desa Mandikapau Barat, Kabupaten Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan

This study purpose was to explore information on the rice field landscape ecology and rice straw management practices in Mandikapau Barat Village, Karang Intan District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. The rice field landscape ecological data was extracted from Google Maps. Types, rice production, farmer profiles and selection of rice straw utilization practices were known through interviews. Results showed that elongated fragments (70%) were common in paddy fields and the rest (30%) were hexagonal in shape. Corridors in dry rice fields are bunds with a width of 40-50 cm, while in wet rice fields the bunds are wider (60-80 cm). Farmer average ownership is ±3.917.6 m2. The most widely grown local rice varieties are Siam Pandak Laut (straw yellow lemma and palea, stem height ±145 cm) and Siam Cantik (golden yellow lemma and palea on straw yellow background, stem height ±160 cm). The level of local rice production reaches 1.5 – 3.1 Ton/Ha per growing season. Estimated production of rice straw is 2.1 – 4.4 Ton/Ha. Gender farmers are mostly women (76%), compared to only about 24% of men. The status of land ownership is smallholder farmers as much as 80%. The highest respondent's age (48%) is 40-50 years old and the least is over 50 years old (24%). Most of the farmers (84%) stated that they did not use rice straw, arguing that the practice had been passed down (64%). There is a relationship between gender and the practice of using straw (p=0.036<0.050) and reasons for not using rice straw (p=0.021<0.050).