State Educational Policy Research Articles

Rural communities need better state education policies

The specific needs of rural schools and communities have received limited attention from state policy makers, and many state programs have only added to the challenges that school districts in rural areas face. Michigan State University researchers surveyed and interviewed rural superintendents in Michigan to learn more about their situations. Superintendents identified teacher recruitment and retention, the need for mental health services, limited broadband access, and insufficient funding as their most pressing challenges. The researchers note that addressing these challenges will require state leaders to pay specific attention to rural needs and develop rural-conscious education policies.

Le rôle du diplôme sur le marché du travail au Sénégal

Youth employment is a major issue for decision-makers in every country. In Senegal, public authorities are struggling to meet the needs of an increasingly demanding, well-trained youth population. In the recent past, the State's educational policy consisted of training graduates to serve in the administration. Today, with the demands of the world of work, having a degree is no longer enough to secure a job. The probability of finding a job varies according to diploma and training. As a result, there are disparities in the integration of young people, depending on their qualifications. The massive growth in the number of higher education graduates is not proportional to their integration into the workforce. To deal with graduate unemployment, the State has opened up the education and training sector to private-sector partners, resulting in an explosion in the number of schools and training institutes. Hence the problem of the quality of training, which is often ill-adapted to the needs of the job market. This study, based on a mixed qualitative/quantitative methodological approach, reveals that graduates of vocational training courses have a better chance of finding employment than their counterparts with general education qualifications. On the other hand, graduates from general education universities are better placed to find long-term employment and to pass administrative entrance exams.

Environmental education in the Polish core curriculum

SummaryThe purpose of the study was an investigation on a content of the core curriculum in Poland, for kindergarten children (aged 3–6) and primary school students (aged 7–18), in reference to educational demands, created by the global ecological crisis. As a source of these demands, IPCC Assessments Reports on Climate Change and UN over-arching strategies for sustainability and environmental education were used, as well as the European Union green policies’ package (The European Green Deal). Poland, as a member of the EU and a party of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, is obliged to promote and implement “green” policies, through incorporation of them into national legislation and the state system of education.The analysis revealed in Polish core curriculum lack of content, connected with the global ecological crisis and climate change, as well as with strategies of combating them. This result shows a dramatic content gap in environmental education of Polish students, regardless the fact that ecology is a fundament of global and European developmental strategies. The responsibility for this situation is beard on decision makers for a state educational policy; in a context of Polish law, this is the Ministry of Education and the Minister for Education himself.

Učebnice pod kontrolou. Politické ideje jako východisko obsahového vymezení učebnic

Every political establishment seeks to control the ideological and educational content of textbooks. With its decrees, the Ministry of Education defined the ideological and educational content of textbooks and determined control over them. The article focuses on changes in the content definition of the ideological basis of state educational policy, i.e. the ideological direction of the concept and interpretation of the curriculum in textbooks in Czechoslovak history between 1918 and 1960. The analysis of educational documents showed that in the regulations for the content and approval of textbooks, political-social influence is due to (a) ideological conflicts, (b) broader dispute about the social and socio-political direction of society (socialism vs. capitalism), (c) cult of personality, (d) the importance of school education for the individual and the state, and (e) the role of the individual (citizen) for society and the state.

Sociolinguistic Conditionality of Yakut Language Functioning in Field of School Education: Origins of Incipient Crisis

The results of a sociolinguistic analysis of factors that reduce the language competence of Sakha schoolchildren in a broad extralinguistic context based on field data representing the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the research object is presented in the article. Attention is paid to the functioning of the Yakut language in the field of education, which is undergoing various transformations depending on the course of the state educational policy, the socio-economic state of the region and the processes of globalization, the consequences of which form risks for the ethnocultural component of communities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with non-dominant languages. It is argued that the language policy in the field of education, which implements “de jure” bilingual, polylingual models, in the implementation of which the formal approach prevails, actually minimizes the presence of the Yakut language in the education system due to insufficient consideration of linguistic attitudes and the real needs of the Sakha ethnic community. It is noted that the conditions of active contact bilingualism in the regions of the Russian Federation, a variety of ambiguous extralinguistic factors predetermine the strengthening of institutional support, state protectionism in the field of optimal linguistic support of training and educational processes. It is proved that taking into account the experience of research on family, civil language policy can help in obtaining an optimal solution to the problems of language reproduction on regional material.

Государственная политика по подготовке кадров в образовательных организациях МВД России: тенденции и перспективы

The implementation of an unified educational policy is carried out on the basis of the realization of the main provisions of the state personnel policy. Therefore, their general (initial) principles are statutory in federal legislation, and departmental features taking into account sectoral interests are regulated by departmental documents.
 The analysis of legal norms carried out by the authors shows that at present the goals, objectives and other conceptual foundations of state policy in the field of education and science are contained not only in the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law «Education Act in the Russian Federation», Federal State Educational Standards, but also in other legal acts regulating the activities of subjects of educational policy.
 The state educational policy, first of all, proceeds from the priority of the rights, freedoms and interests of man and citizen enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the provisions of the country’s fundamental law, the right to education is recognized as one of the fundamental and inalienable constitutional rights of a Russian citizen.
 The success of the realization of the state policy on personnel training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Interior of Russia, according to the authors of the article, directly depends on the compliance of the system of scientific and methodological support of the educational process with its goals.
 As part of the publication submitted for consideration to the scientific community, it is proposed to get acquainted with the results of scientific research related to the determination of the directions of scientific and methodological support for the education and training of police officers in educational organizations of the system of the Ministry of Interior of the Russian Federation.

Socialization of children with special educational needs in inclusive educational system

Main problem: Today, the opinion about inclusion as the most progressive (in comparison with integration) approach is being strengthened among the society, which allows any child, regardless of the type and severity of the disorder, to learn with their normatively developing peers. The introduction of inclusive approaches into school practice can be called one of the top priorities of the state educational policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Inclusive education will help to resolve the contradiction between the legally guaranteed rights of children with disabilities to equal access to quality education and the de facto inequality in its implementation. Inclusion must be systematic and focused, not spontaneous. Therefore, it is optimal to teach a child with disabilities within the framework of the system of continuous general education. The creation and effective functioning of this system is impossible without a trained teacher, who is a key figure in the implementation of inclusive education. Purpose: Substantiation and disclosure of the contradiction between the guaranteed right of children with IAD and equal access to quality education for the socialization of children with special educational needs in inclusive education. Methods: in the course of the research, descriptive, systematization and analytical methods were used in the application of theoretical concepts, government programs, and legislative acts in inclusive education. Results and their importance: The implementation of the research goal is facilitated by the use of an alternative to the classroom-based organization of the educational process for the progressive development of children with IAD, which allows them to study harmoniously, regardless of the type and severity of the violation, together with their normatively developing peers. The given pedagogical observation is the obtained practical result of this study. The development of the system of class-based organization of the educational process for children with IAD in educational institutions is aimed at forming an effective system for ensuring the comprehensive development of inclusive education.

Situating Poor People in Education Privatization Programs

The state-funded schools hold the biggest part in most of countries worldwide. Private-funded schools play a minor role. However, globalization has made the provision of private-funded education gradually increased. Nowadays, the privatization of education is a global phenomenon with all its advantages and disadvantages. Due to this trend a question arise can privatization of education pro-poor people in a more well organized system or optimal way than the state-funded school? Privatization of education policies stand as opposition with the state education policies. Therefore, can the poor people access these private-funded school when the state-funded school is not accessible? Government policies in managing both types of schools are important. Government as the duty bearer of fulfilling the rights to education must ensure that people with all socio-economic background able to access education services.

Historical and cultural standard and teacher’s professional training within the course of the civil identity formation (formulation of the problem)

The paper is devoted to the role of the state educational policy within the course of the Russian civil identity formation. The focus of the study is on the evolution of the aims of the authorities in matters of the historical education and historical memory, their norm-legal regulation and institutional support, as well as real educational practices. The introduction of the historical and cultural standard for teaching the school course of the history is considered as a collective attempt by the authorities and society to lead historical and educational policies to a common denominator in terms of the content and value. A special accent in the paper concerns the problems of the teacher professional training for the implementation of the state historical and educational policy of the Russian Federation within given framework, considering the specifics of the contemporary informational space. It attracts attention to the close ties between information wars and historical policy, in the context of the attempts to reconsider the results of the Second World War especially, keeping in mind its effects for the transformation of the civil identity and the changes of position the Russian Federation held on the international arena. Both methodological and organizational restrictions were identified in secondary and higher schools, which have a significant impact on the formation of civil identity through historical education, both at the stage of training pedagogical personnel and in the process of studying the school course of the history.

Technological approach in the organization of youth leisure activities

he article discusses some issues related to implementing of the technological approach in the organization of the youth leisure. The relevance of the topic of the article is justified by the social order for the search for new approaches and technologies to the organization of youth leisure, the insufficient development of this problem in the scientific literature, the need to systematize the existing theoretical knowledge on this issue. The aim of the article is to give a theoretical justification of the technological approach in the organization of youth leisure. The theoretical analysis of the development of research studies considering this problem is presented. Some aspects of studying of the technologies practiced in the field of the youth leisure are highlighted. The author draws a parallel between pedagogical, sociocultural, and leisure technologies. The integrity of the technological process in cultural and leisure activities is considered in the interaction of such factors as the social order, goals, tasks, content, forms, methods of work, interaction of the subject and object, resource allocation, and commitment to final results. Special consideration is given to organizational aspects of the technological process in the cultural and leisure sphere. The definition of the technology of the youth leisure organizing is given. The component composition of the technology of the youth leisure organizing is determined; the systems that constitute its external environment are identified – this is the state educational, state youth and state cultural policy. The classification of technologies used in the organization of the youth leisure is presented. Key words: technological approach, technology of cultural and leisure activities, youth leisure activities, technology for organizing youth leisure activities.

Museum pedagogy in education: educational, historical, and pedagogical aspects

At the present stage of civilizational development, characterized by numerous transformations in the historical-political, socio-economic, cultural, scientific, and educational spheres of social progress, the importance of using the results of pedagogical innovation in continuing education is emphasized. The study's aim is to consider the experience of using museum pedagogy based on education and analyzes this phenomenon in terms of historical and pedagogical aspects. To meet the objective of the study, the descriptive method is utilized. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the mission of museums is to increase the level of knowledge and moral and spiritual education. The authors state that the priority approach of the state cultural, scientific, and educational policy should be the effective use of museum activities for the public good. Education requires the active introduction of museum pedagogy to improve the educational process.

Actualization of gifted schoolchildren’s intentional experience in the process of mastering geometric concepts: from support to activity mechanism

People’s intellectual abilities become a powerful civilization resource. Therefore, intellectually gifted schoolchildren’s development should be the focus of the state educational policy. Russian opinion leaders interpret the phenomenon of giftedness as a systemic quality that describes the child’s psyche as a whole. Such an approach turns into a priority to update and enrich the gifted schoolchildren’s intentional experience during geometry teaching. It assumes the development of a particular subjective state of orientation and selectivity of individual cognitive activity in preferences. This unique state becomes a mental activity mechanism, not just an accessory. The statistical data analysis confirms the hypothesis: the efficiency of actualizing gifted schoolchildren’s intentional experience in the form of their individual dispositions, beliefs, and emotional assessments while solving geometric problems during academic competitions is provided by specifically organized educational activities. It positively correlates with the level of mental activity development during mastering the activity methods with geometric concepts.

Internet education in the sphere of medicine and the attitude of Russians to their health and vaccination

The article reviews the forms of medical enlightenment in social networks that are in demand by the population of modern Russia. The authors' attempt to analyse the online medical discourse was supplemented by surveys that revealed important topics about health for Russians. The results of 2 sociological studies (2018-2019) on the phenomenon of medical education are considered. In the first study, in the course of a representative survey on two samples (heterogeneous by age and youth), the respondents' need for knowledge about health and medicine was revealed. On the subject of vaccination, an analysis of unstructured social media data is provided. The second study showed that more than half of the respondents prefer self-medication, but almost 2/3 undergo medical examination once every 3 years. Traditions and the way of life in parents’ family, as well as habits in one's own family, have a positive effect on the attitudes of self-preserving behaviour. The studies performed confirm the assumption that the social network media environment can be a platform for preventive state educational policy in the field of health-saving practices and self-preservation behaviour of the population of Russia.

Can physical education state policies impact on youth’s health behaviors? A natural experiment study

Since 2011 an educational policy promulgated that public schools from Pernambuco have had to offer physical education (PE) class in the same shift where students are enrolled. This study examined the impact of the implementation of an educational policy on PE offering and students’ participation, and whether health related behaviors could be moderated by PE participation. It was a natural experiment study performed with data obtained from two cross-sectional studies (2007 and 2012) of a sample (n = 715) of high-school students from Caruaru. PE offering was assessed by asking students if they had PE class and adapted questionnaire was used to assess health-related information. It was observed that before policy implementation, most of the students (♂: 72.4%; ♀: 69.0%) was not engaged in any PE class during the week. After policy implementation the proportion of students who had at least one PE class/week increased (♂: 68.7%; ♀: 68.9%). Having ≥1 PE classes was not associated with the amount of physical activity either before (♂: OR = 1.47 (95%CI: 0.78 – 2.76)); ♀: OR = 1.02 (95%CI: 0.61– 1.72) or after (♂: OR = 0.90 (95%CI: 0.51 – 1.58)); ♀: OR = 1.06 (95%CI: 0.63 – 1.80) policy implementation. Fruit consumption was the only health-related behavior associated to PE class (♂: OR = 1.55 (95%CI: 1.01 – 2.70); ♀: OR = 1.48 (95%CI: 1.02 – 2.10). PE offering and participation of students improved and it seems that implementation of new policies for PE might impact on students’ behaviors, although, regarding to some limitations, not sufficiently to impact on overall students’ health behaviors.

Current issues of standardization of requirements for the development and issuing of printed teaching aids

Reforming the national education system, implementation of the Concept of State Educational Policy "New Ukrainian School" put forward the task to create a developmental educational space that will suitable for the formation and growth of a personality. The developmental content environment is one of the key components of an innovative educational space. It is created through the development and implementation of state-of-the-art learning tools and equipment, in particular printed auxiliary facilities of studies. Such as students’ albums and drawing-books, sets of paper and cardboard are a material basis for the tasks of the curriculum for drawing, drafting, appliqués, art work, etc. There are no modern standard approaches to their creation. Therefore, there is a need to identify technical and pedagogical requirements for these learning tools and further to consolidate them in the national standard of Ukraine.
 The study of educational products samples, the directions of scientific search were determined on the basis of the analysis of specialized scientific and methodological literature, normative documents of national standardization and in the field of education. As a result, the types of student albums and drawing-books, paper and cardboard sets that will become the subject of standardization are outlined. They are defined at the level of terms and definitions. Regulatory dimensions and volumes for each of these types of facilities were specified. Characteristics of the first and foremost technical and pedagogical requirements to them were produced, namely: quality of the materials for making albums, drawings-books, sets according to the educational purpose of products, standards of color standardization, design and configuration products, ways to fasten sheets in blocks, requirements for the artistic and textual design of covers and folders. The results, which were obtained, will form the basis for further applied research of the development and approval of the national standard of Ukraine – “Facilities of studies. Student's albums and drawing books. Student's sets of paper and cardboard. General specifications”. The practical significance of this regulatory document will also be a determination of the mandatory requirements for the labeling, packaging, storage, transportation of ready products, as well as the requirements of safety, environmental protection at the enterprises of the printing industry.

Implementation of media education and media literacy in the modern education system of Ukraine

The aim of this paper is to substantiate the prospects for the implementation of media education and media literacy in the modern Ukrainian education system. The article examines the domestic experience of implementing media into the education system, the particular features of the formation of media literacy in the students learning in higher education institutions of Ukraine. The term “media education” is defined as the process of personal development with assistance and on the material of the mass media samples resulting in shaping media literacy.
 The relevance of the problem of introduction of media education and media literacy in the education sphere prompts the need to introduce the additions to the academic plan that would present relevant components that refer to the development of students’ readiness for full interaction with the modern media system and media technologies usage.
 The methodology. In the research, we applied such methods of scientific cognition as analysis, synthesis as well as statistical and descriptive methods. We also applied analytical methods of generalizing various scientific concepts presented by experts in media education, media literacy and media competence. It is mandatory that the introduction of lectures, relevant courses and seminars, discussion clubs for students, conferences and “round tables” on media education, and conducting various cultural and educational activities for the population on the discussed subject should be actively promoted.
 The results. The specific needs and priorities of media education development have been determined in regard to the European values implying counteracting information threats from external sources. The introduction of media education in higher education institutions should become a crucial component of wise state policy. The relevance of media literacy as one of the main priorities of the state educational policy in students’ education at the present stage has been defined and proved.
 The topicality of this work lies in the generalization of a comprehensive strategy for the development of media education and media literacy in primary and secondary schools, in higher education institutions and public organizations.
 The practical significance of this study is development of theory and improvement of the strategy of media education and media literacy in higher education.

Armenia’s economy: promoting innovation through public governance and corporate management

First, the article describes the forms and methods of state governance of the innovative development of the Armenian economy. The results of the implementation of the state program for promoting innovation in the economy are described; one of them is the increasing role of the information technology (IT) sector. The problems of further development and improving the efficiency of the functioning of this sector are identified, the solution of which is associated with the improvement of various types of state socio-economic policy, including monetary, investment and educational policy.

Playing Locally but Commuting to a Better School: Urban Planning and Education Policies in Parental Involvement Practices and Local Community Formation

In this article, we analyse the formation of local communities from the perspective of the practices of parental involvement. Adopting a practice-based approach to empirical research on six estates in three Polish cities, we reconstruct the connections between the spatial logics of the housing areas, national education, and housing polices, and their impact on the everyday life practices inside and outside the estate. Using the category of practice of parental involvement, we show the complex, long-term impact of state and local education policies on everyday life and, as a result, on the processes of structuring or fragmentation of territorial communities. The results of our qualitative studies not only develop knowledge about the connections between national polices and everyday life practices but also, we hope, could help to design effective public policies.

GAME-BASED METHOD IN MULTICULTURAL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS IN US HIGHER EDUCATION

The aim of the study is to analyze the methods of multicultural training in US higher school. Theoretical research methods have been used as well as pedagogical and historic methods. The stages of formation and development of multicultural education in the USA are the following: stage I – from the 20’s to the first half of the 50’s of the 20th century; stage II – the mid-50’s to the early 80’s; stage III – the beginning of the 80’s to the present day. At present, multicultural education in the USA has the status of state educational policy, which is enshrined in law. National Association for Multicultural Education was established in 1990, later various higher education institutions with multicultural research centers. Multicultural training in higher education includes a variety of learning technologies (problem-based learning, personality-oriented technology, technology of group learning activities, learning technology as research, interactive, information technology, technology of concentrated learning, portfolio technology, etc.), methods (game methods, project method, case method, transition registers, trainings (attributive, intercultural, cultural assimilator), forms (traditional lecture, lecture for two, lecture in the press-conference format, discussion-style seminar, report-format seminar, seminar in the format of extended talk, excursions, tutorials, etc.). Training of specialists for intercultural interaction is carried both in the process of classroom studies, also during practice, independent work, participation in scientific research, various extracurricular professionally-oriented educational activities. Special attention is paid to the analysis of game methods and their important role in multicultural training of teachers, social workers and other specialists.

IMPROVING THE TRAINING ELEMENTS IN PRIMARY TRAINING GROUPS OF SPORTS SCHOOLS

This article reveals the need to improve the teaching of wrestling elements in future young wrestlers, the law On Education, the program National Training has risen to the level of state education policy and opportunities to solve this problem. Furthermore, the article highlights to what wrestling coaches focus on while teaching young wrestlers the elements of wrestling. A look at the history of sports wrestling and physical education. The article explores the interrelated principles for young wrestlers as well as professional athletes.