Testing Standards Research Articles

Discussion on the application status and method improvement of gas chromatography in occupational health inspection standards in China

As a rapid, accurate and efficient analytical technique, gas chromatography is widely used in the detection of volatile organic compounds and inorganic small molecule toxins, and it is the main analytical method in the national testing standards for occupational health. The existing effective national standards of gas chromatography for the detection of some substances have low column efficiency, high toxicity of reagents, poor correlation of the standard curve and low desorption efficiency and other problems, some of which can be solved through method improvement. At the same time, with the use of new materials and new processes, new types of toxic substances are emerging, and there are still many occupational disease hazards of limited value without supporting detection methods, gas chromatography can be applied to the detection of some toxic substances to better complement the vacancy of China's occupational health detection methods. This paper analyzes the current situation of the application of gas chromatography in occupational health testing standards, discusses the improvement of some of these methods, and helps to promote the application and development of gas chromatography in occupational health testing.

Fast hybrid islanding detection for DGs with inverters using maximum likelihood-based ROCOF and SFS

The present study introduces an unconventional and fast hybrid strategy for islanding detection in Distributed Generators (DGs) based on inverters. The active method utilized in this work is Sandia Frequency Shift (SFS), while the passive method is the Rate Of Change Of Frequency (ROCOF) Relay. The key contribution of this paper is the use of Maximum Likelihood to estimate the ROCOF as opposed to the conventional Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) method. The objective of this paper is to improve the responsiveness of detection across various conditions by providing fast detection without compromising accuracy. Several simulation investigations, adhering to the anti-islanding test standards of IEEE 1547 and UL1741, have been carried out on a system integrated with the suggested hybrid method. These studies aim to showcase the high sensitivity and specificity of the proposed technique for detecting islanding. In addition, pertinent comparisons are made between the proposed technique and the PLL-based method. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed control system effectively complies with the DG islanding protection requirements. In Furthermore, compared to the PLL, the proposed technique mitigates the common drawbacks associated with other islanding detection techniques by reducing the Non-Detection Zone, enhancing the power quality of the system, and, most significantly, producing fast detection under different conditions. The proposed approach exhibits a response time nearly three times faster than the PLL method, while in less demanding conditions, it provides an instantaneous response.

Analysis on the development of chemically-improved soil in railway engineering

PurposeExplore the development trend of chemically-improved soil in railway engineering.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the technical standards home and abroad were analyzed. Laboratory test, field test and monitoring were carried out.FindingsThe performance design system of the chemically-improved soil should be established.Originality/valueOn the basis of the performance design, the test methods and standards for various properties of chemically-improved soil should be established to evaluate the improvement effect and control the engineering quality.

3D Printed Materials for Permanent Restorations in Indirect Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry: A Critical Review of the Literature.

The objective of this study was to review the scientific evidence currently available on 3D printable materials and 3D printing technologies used for the fabrication of permanent restorations, focusing on material properties that are clinically relevant. A literature search was performed on four databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) for articles published from January 2013 until November 2023, using a combination of free words: (restorative dentistry OR prosthetic dentistry) AND (3D printing OR additive manufacturing OR rapid prototyping) AND materials. Two reviewers screened titles and/or abstracts of 2.468 unique studies. In total, 83 studies were selected for full-text reading, from which 36 were included in the review. The assessed variables were mechanical properties, reporting in most of the cases positive results, dimensional accuracy and fit, reporting conflicting results with a predominance of positive, aesthetic properties, with positive reports but scarcely addressed, and biological properties, almost unexplored in independent studies. Despite numerous studies with positive results in favor, papers with negative outcomes were also retrieved. Aesthetic and biological properties are conversely still mostly unexplored. There remains a lack of conclusive evidence for viable 3D printable restorative and prosthodontic materials for permanent restorations. Research should be strengthened by defining international standards for laboratory testing and, where pre-clinical data are promising, conducting clinical trials.

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Using Tetrazolium Bromide Assay and Zebrafish Embryotoxicity: An In-Vitro Study.

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a novel compound, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (4-HCA), with the help of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and zebrafish embryotoxicity. Materials and methods In this in vitro study, MTT fibroblast assays using dental pulp stem cells, which were cultured in Modified Eagle's Medium or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, and zebrafish cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity were done to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the novel compound 4-HCA. The data was analyzed by plotting cell number versus absorbance, allowing quantitation of changes in cell proliferation. Results 4-HCA (40 μl) showed acceptable levels of cell viability according to the American Society for Testing and Materials standards. Cell viability is reduced with increased exposure time and concentrations of 4-HCA. Similarly, the cytotoxicity assessment in zebrafish (Danio rerio) showed an acceptable range of toxicity levels in embryonic stagesused to evaluate the mortality rate of zebrafish embryos. Conclusion Considering the constraints of this research, it can be deduced that hydroxycinnamic acid at a concentration of 40 μl was non-toxic. The findings from the MTT assay indicated a correlation between the concentration and the toxicity of the compound. Likewise, the zebrafish test demonstrated minimal toxicological effects.

Diagnostic Performance of Perfusion-Only SPECT/CT for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension in Comparison With Ventilation-Perfusion Planar, SPECT, and SPECT/CT Imaging.

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of perfusion-only SPECT/CT (Q SPECT/CT) in comparison with that of ventilation/perfusion planar scintigraphy (V/Q planar), perfusion SPECT with ventilation scan (V/Q SPECT), and perfusion SPECT/CT with ventilation scan (V/Q SPECT/CT) in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Patients with pulmonary hypertension who underwent ventilation-perfusion planar and SPECT/CT were retrospectively recruited. Two nuclear medicine physicians interpreted V/Q planar, V/Q SPECT, V/Q SPECT/CT, and Q SPECT/CT according to the European Association of Nuclear Medicine criteria. The diagnostic accuracy of these modalities for CTEPH was compared using a composite reference standard of pulmonary angiography, imaging test, cardiorespiratory assessment, and follow-up. A total of 192 patients were enrolled, including 85 with CTEPH. The sensitivity of Q SPECT/CT was 98.8%, which similar to that of V/Q planar (97.6%), V/Q SPECT (96.5%), or V/Q SPECT/CT (100.0%). In contrast, Q SPECT/CT exhibited significantly lower specificity (73.8%) compared with V/Q planar (86.9%, P = 0.001), V/Q SPECT (87.9%, P < 0.001), and V/Q SPECT/CT (88.8%, P < 0.001). The significantly lower specificity of Q SPECT/CT, compared with the 3 others, was observed in the subgroup aged ≥50 years ( P < 0.001 for all), but not in those <50 years. Q SPECT/CT exhibited lower specificity compared with V/Q planar, V/Q SPECT, and V/Q SPECT/CT in diagnosing CTEPH. It might underscore the essential role of a ventilation scan in patients with PH, even with the introduction of SPECT/CT.

Testing in Intermittent Sports-Importance for Training and Performance Optimization in Adult Athletes.

Performance in intermittent sports relies on the interplay between multiple physiological systems determining the capacity to perform short explosive efforts as well as repeated intense actions with limited recovery over the course of an entire game. Testing should reflect these demands to allow for sport- and position-specific capacity analyses that eventually may translate into optimized training and improved performance. This may include individual load management and optimized training prescription, intensity targeting for specific positions or individual athletes, as well as benchmarking for monitoring of training progression and enhanced engagement of athletes. This review provides an overview of available tests in different exercise domains identified as relevant (from assessment of single explosive actions to intermittent endurance capacity), forming the basis for recommendations on how to compose a comprehensive yet feasible test battery that may be integrated into the seasonal competition and training plan. The test procedures should cover the performance spectrum of relevance for the individual athlete-also in team sports to account for positional differences. We emphasize the benefits of sport-specific tests, highlight parameters of importance for test standardization, and discuss how the applied test battery may be supplemented with secondary tests directed toward specific energy systems to allow for more in-depth analyses when required (e.g., in terms of an underperforming athlete). The synergy between testing and tracking of match performance (utilizing time-motion or global positioning systems) is highlighted, and although tracking cannot substitute for testing, combining the tools may provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological demands and performance during competition contextualized to the athletes' maximal exercise capacity.

Beyond Natriuretic Peptides: Unveiling the Power of Emerging Biomarkers in Heart Failure.

Heart failure (HF) represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, and imposes considerable burdens on healthcare systems and patient quality of life. Traditional management strategies, primarily relying on clinical assessments and standard biomarkers like natriuretic peptides, face limitations due to the heterogeneity of HF. This review aims to delve into the evolving landscape of non-natriuretic biomarkers and the transformative potential of omics technologies, underscoring their roles in advancing HF treatment towards precision medicine. By offering novel insights into the biological underpinnings of HF, including inflammation, myocardial stress, fibrosis, and metabolic disturbances, these advancements facilitate more accurate patient phenotyping and individualized treatment strategies. The integration of non-natriuretic biomarkers and omics technologies heralds a pivotal shift in HF management, enabling a move towards tailored therapeutic interventions. This approach promises to enhance clinical outcomes by improving diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and monitoring therapeutic responses. However, challenges such as the variability in biomarker levels, cost-effectiveness, and the standardization of biomarker testing across different healthcare settings pose hurdles to their widespread adoption. Despite these challenges, the promise of precision medicine in HF, driven by these innovative biomarkers and technologies, offers a new horizon for improving patient care and outcomes. This review advocates for the further integration of these advancements into clinical practice, highlighting the need for ongoing research to fully realize their potential in transforming the landscape of heart failure management.

Development and Standardization of Mathematics Achievement Test for Unified Senior Secondary School Class 2 Promotion Examination in Ondo State, Nigeria

Advancement in science and technology is what can bring about rapid transformation of any country. Mathematics is a veritable tool in the understanding of science and technology. Despite the importance, the trend of secondary school students’ performance in Mathematics in external examinations is worrisome. Perhaps, non-availability of standardized achievement test for formative assessment or for promoting the students to the certificate class could be the cause. The purpose of this study was to develop and standardize Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) for unified senior secondary school class 2 promotion examination in Ondo State. Seventy five SSS2 students randomly selected from Akoko metropolis of the state constituted the sample. MAT for SSS2 was the instrument for this study. The instrument was developed and standardized following various stages of test development and standardization processes. Out of the initial 75 items drafted, 50 items formed the final MAT. The final MAT was valid and reliable. The reliability coefficients were (0.97 and 0.89) using test retest and Kuder-Richardson-20 methods of reliability respectively. From the results obtained, the following conclusions were drawn: The MAT was developed by the researcher, the validated test items were in line with the mathematics curriculum for senior secondary school class 2 students in Ondo State, the developed and validated MAT exhibited good measure of difficulty and discrimination indices. Based on the findings and the conclusion of this study, it was recommended among others that the developed MAT should be used by mathematics teachers teaching senior secondary school class two students in Ondo State and the examination unit of the Ondo State Ministry of Education should make use of this MAT to improve on the quality of their examinations.

Effects of infill density on mechanical properties of additively manufactured chopped carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites

Abstract In this present study, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method was used to fabricate the composites. Before three-dimensional (3D) printing, samples were designed according to the ASTM D256, D790 and D3039 standards for impact, flexural and tensile tests, respectively, using Onshape software before conversion to an STL file format. Afterward, the digital file was sliced with infill densities of 60%, 80%, and 100%. The composite samples contained chopped carbon fiber (cCF) and poly lactic acid (PLA), as reinforcement and matrix, respectively. The cCF/PLA (simply called cCFP) filaments were printed into various cCFP composite (cCFPC) samples, using a Viper Share bot 3D machine with different infill densities before the aforementioned mechanical testing. The tensile strength of cCFP were obtained as 25.9MPa, 26.9MPa and 34.75MPa for 60%, 80% and 100% infill density cCFP samples, respectively. Similarly, the flexural strength of cCFP were obtained as 11.8MPa, 12.55MPa and 18.4MPa and impact strength was 47.48kJ/m2, 48.45kJ/m2 and 48.96kJ/m2 for 60%, 80% and 100% infill density cCFP samples, respectively. The fractured/tested samples were examined and analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the presence of fiber and void in the tensile sample. Based on the experimental results, it was evident that a high infill density of 100% with the highest reinforcement exhibited maximum impact strength, tensile and flexural strengths and moduli when compared with other lower carbon content of cCFPC samples. Therefore, the optimal 3D-printed cCFPC sample could be used for engineering application to benefit from properties of the polymer matrix composite materials and possibilities through additive manufacturing (AM).

Experimental study on mechanical properties of FDM 3D printed polylactic acid fabricated parts using response surface methodology

The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanical properties of components produced through the Response Surface Methodology for polylactic acid, utilizing the Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing technique. Polylactic acid is a commonly employed biodegradable polymer, making it a desirable substance for diverse applications. This study involves carrying out experiments to vary process printing parameters like layer height or thickness, part orientation, and infill density. The values of these parameters were obtained using a Response Surface Methodology Box–Behnken experimental design. The mechanical performance of the 3D Printed polylactic acid fabricated was assessed by evaluating their flexural and tensile strength. The test samples for measuring tensile and flexural strength are fabricated according to American Society for Testing and Material standards. The findings suggest that higher strength is achieved when using increased layer height and infill levels. The experimental results indicated that specimens with a filling ratio of 80% exhibited greater tensile strength, while the flexural strength of samples with 50% infill was observed to be higher. Regression analyses and multi-optimization techniques were employed to predict the experimental results. This study provides valuable insights that can significantly impact various industries. Our research on the complex interactions between process variables and mechanical properties has major implications for improving high-strength component manufacturing. As demand for dependable and efficient 3D-printed materials rises, our discoveries improve material design and manufacturing methods, making a significant contribution to the field.

Impact strength of heat-cured acrylic resin after immersion in tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum L.) effervescent tablets: An experimental study

Abstract Aim: To determine the effect of immersing heat-cured acrylic resin on tobacco leaf extract (TLE) effervescent tablets 75% on the impact strength. Materials and Methods: This research used an experimental design. Rectangular acrylic resin with a size of 60 mm × 12 mm × 3 mm, according to American Standards for Testing and Materials, was used. The samples were divided into three groups: immersed in distilled water as a negative control group, immersed in a solution of TLE effervescent tablets with a concentration of 75%, and immersed in commercially available dental cleansers as a positive control group. The immersion of the samples was carried out for 16 days which was equivalent to cleaning 30 min per day for 2 years. TLE effervescent tablets were compared with commercially available dental cleansers. Next, the impact strength of the sample was tested. Results: The one-way analysis of variance test results showed a P-value &lt;0.005, that is, a significant difference in each treatment group’s impact strength of heat-cured acrylic resin denture bases. The results of the post hoc test (least significance difference; LSD) showed that there is no significant difference in the impact strength of immersed acrylic in 75% TLE effervescent tablets with aquades compared to denture commercially available dental cleansers. Conclusions: 75% TLE effervescent tablets as a denture cleanser have the effect of reducing the impact strength of heat-cured acrylic resin type with a soaking time of 16 days, which is equivalent to cleaning 30 min per day for 2 years. The limitation of this research is the type of heat-cured acrylic used only from one brand, maybe different brands will give different results, so further testing is needed to prove it.

ADVANTAGES AND BARRIERS FOR USE OF EXCAVATED SEDIMENTS

Soil excavation, including extraction from rivers, lakes, and marine sediments, can lead to a large surplus of clean or slightly contaminated excavated soil. All excavated soil is treated as waste until it is reused. Therefore, the reuse of excavated soil is an important part of sustainable construction, which also helps reduce carbon emissions and lower the cost of earthworks. The reuse of excavated soil is generally viewed positively, but there is a lack of uniform definition of construction waste and a lack of guidance and understanding of reuse. This article discusses the use of excavated soil and provides advice for good practice in the future, considering regulatory, economic, environmental, and implementation aspects. Regulatory aspects refer to the complex legislation and the lack of guidelines for reusing excavated soil. Economic aspects relate to integrated planning, including contracts for construction projects, and the interest of those involved in construction. The environmental aspect includes the impact of reused material on the soil. Logistical obstacles are discussed, which include both spatial and temporal problems due to difficulties in moving excavated soil, storing it, and coordinating supply and demand. Barriers to performing the work are related to the lack of standardization of tests to demonstrate that the geochemical and geotechnical quality of the excavated soil is suitable for reuse. Examples of the reuse of surface, river, lake, and marine soils and possible solutions to overcome the barriers to their use contributed to a proposal for increased use of excavated soils and sediments.

Ballistic performances of Ramor 500, Armox Advance and Hardox 450 steels under monolithic, double-layered, and perforated conditions

This study investigates the ballistic impact response of two armor steels (Armox Advance and Ramor 500) and a structural wear-resistant steel (Hardox 450) in monolithic, double-layered, and perforated plate configurations. As ammunitions, 7.62 mm NATO Ball, 7.62 × 51 AP (armor piercing), and 12.7 mm APM2 bullets were used in the ballistics tests. The tests were performed per EN 1522/1523 ballistic test standards and at FB6 and FB7 levels. The results showed different perforation behaviors for different plate configurations. All the monolithic plates were perforated with 7.62 mm AP bullets except for Armox Advance. Double-layered plate configurations, on the other hand, showed resistance to penetration. Among those, only the Ramor500 + Ramor 500 double-layered plate configuration was perforated by 7.62 mm AP bullets. All the pre-perforated plate configurations resulted in total protection regardless of ammunition type and plate materials.

Cold-Resistance Characteristics and Adequacy of Low-Temperature Test Standards of Carbon Monoxide Alarms

In this study, we considered domestic and international standards to experimentally evaluate and analyze the cold-resistance characteristics of carbon monoxide alarms and assess the suitability of low-temperature test standards. The analyzed standards include the technical standards for type approval and product inspection of gas leak detectors, specifically KS C 6596, Britain's BS EN 50291-1, and Japan's JIA E 001-07. We found that the technical standards specify a temperature of –20 °C for 1 h; those for KS C 6596 are –10 °C for 2 h; those for Britain’s BS EN 50291-1 are –10 °C for 6 h; and those for Japan’s JIA E 001-07 follow suit. We inferred that the low-temperature test of the technical standards for type approval and product inspection of gas leak detectors required the highest cold resistance. Furthermore, we experimented on samples from two domestic manufacturers, employing the low-temperature test standards deduced from the standard analysis to examine their characteristics. All test samples operated normally when subjected to a temperature of –20 °C for 1 to 4 h, and similarly maintained normal operation at –10 °C for 6 and 24 h. These findings indicate that the carbon monoxide alarms certified in Korea have a high cold resistance. Additionally, this study entailed a review of the low-temperature test standards for carbon monoxide alarms by analyzing the temperature conditions of apartment verandas, where these alarms are predominantly installed. Based on the results, the cold resistance tended to be high using the low-temperature test standards for carbon monoxide alarms. The findings of this research can serve as a valuable reference for future revisions of low-temperature test standards.

Analysis of Tensile and Bending Strength of Coconut Fiber Reinforcement Composite on Quasi Isotropic Laminates Stacking Sequence

A composite is a material structure composed of two or more combinations of constituents combined macroscopically, where the two combinations do not dissolve each other. The first phase is called reinforcement, while the second phase is called matrix. This study aims to analysis the tensile and bending strength values of coconut fiber reinforced composites with a sequence of layers of quasi-isotropic fiber laminates. Experimental studies were carried out on polyester resin composites reinforced with coconut fiber in the fiber layer sequences of [0°/0°/0°], [+45°/0°/-45°] and [+60°/0°/-60°]. Tensile test specimen standards refer to ASTM D-3039 and bending test standards refer to ASTM D-7264. The results of the blistering test obtained a maximum stress of 18.3298 N/mm2 in the fiber layer sequence [0°/0°/0°] and a minimum stress of 10.8966 N/mm2 in the fiber layer sequence [+60°/0°/ -60°]. Meanwhile, the bending test results showed that the maximum bending stress was 76.065 N/mm2 in the fiber layer sequence [0°/0°/0°] and the minimum stress was 30.256 N/mm2 in the fiber layer sequence [+45°/0°/-45 °].

Effects of hexagonal boron nitride on mechanical properties of bone cement (Polymethylmethacrylate).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding hexagonal boron nitride at four different concentrations to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, which is commonly used in orthopedic surgeries, on the mechanical properties and microarchitecture of the bone cement. The study included an unaltered control group and groups containing four different concentrations (40 g of bone cement with 0.5 g, 1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g) of hexagonal boron nitride. The samples used for mechanical tests were prepared at 20±2ºC in operating room conditions, using molds in accordance with the test standards. As a result of the tests, the pressure values at which the samples deformed were determined from the load-deformation graphs, and the megapascal (MPa) values at which the samples exhibited strength were calculated. The samples with 0.5 g boron added to the bone cement had significantly increased mechanical strength, particularly in the compression test. In the group where 2 g boron was added, it was noted that, compared to the other groups, the strength pressure decreased and the porosity increased. The porosity did not change particularly in the group where 0.5 g boron was added. Our study results demonstrate that adding hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) to bone cement at a low concentration (0.5 g / 40 g PPMA) significantly increases the mechanical strength in terms of MPa (compression forces) without adversely affecting porosity. However, the incorporation of HBN at higher concentrations increases porosity, thereby compromising the biomechanical properties of the bone cement, as evidenced by the negative impact on compression and four-point bending tests. Boron-based products have gained increased utilization in the medical field, and HBN is emerging as a promising chemical compound, steadily growing in significance.

Analysis of Bridge Inspection Technology for Highway Reconstruction and Expansion

This article focuses on bridge testing technologies in highway construction and expansion projects. It provides an overview of the inspection process for bridges in highway reconstruction and expansion projects, the main inspections, and strategies for improving the quality of inspections. Relevant units should conduct bridge inspections using appearance inspections, special inspections, and bearing capacity assessments in highway reconstruction and expansion projects. To effectively improve testing quality, relevant units should also focus on establishing and improving testing standards, strengthening material testing, and improving the overall quality of the testing personnel. This research aims to enhance the quality of highway reconstruction and expansion projects by supporting the sensible application of bridge inspection technology.

Geometric error compensation method using the Laser R-test

Traditional methods for measuring geometric errors in machine tools, including interferometry and Double Ball Bar (DBB), are known to be expensive and time-intensive. Consequently, a non-contact calibration system called the “Laser R-test” has been developed. This innovative system is designed to measure both position-independent geometric errors (PIGEs) and position-dependent geometric errors (PDGEs) efficiently. Since its development in 2000, this tool has been instrumental in analyzing eccentricity errors, angular position errors, and simultaneous trajectory errors. Through extensive research, it has been determined that the total error in a five-axis machine tool can be controlled to below 40 µm after compensating for eccentricity parameters and angular position errors. However, reducing this error to below ± 10 µm is challenging, primarily due to wobble errors in the orientation of the rotary axis without compensating. In this study, a new methodology based on Laser R-test and Rodrigues’ rotation formula has been developed to establish a PIGE model of rotary axis. Based on the methodology, the 8 PIGEs can be analyzed by measuring 5 coordinate positions. The compensation of 8 PIGEs in the rotary axis is completed within 30 min using the inspection path. Compatibility with ISO-10791–6 standards for BK1, BK2, and BK4 path tests is confirmed, validating the compensation effects. A precision of below ± 10 µm is achieved, with inspection time reduced by over 50%. This system can complete multiple errors by simply using the different paths. This greatly reduces the setup time for future users, enhancing its commercial applicability.

Hybrid chips to enable a sustainable internet of things technology: opportunities and challenges

AbstractA new technological approach is needed for the development of emerging electronic components and systems within the Internet of Things (IoT) era. New advancements and innovations are required in architectural design and hybrid systems heterogeneous integration to address the challenge of widespread IoT deployment, its power demands and sustainability. Hybrid chips are one of the emerging technologies that can help overcome the current limitations in terms of energy consumption, performance and sustainability that could shape the future of electronic systems for targeted applications. Hybrid chips combine different materials and manufacturing technologies on the same substrate or package using advanced flexible heterogeneous integration techniques, with the focus of merging the advantages of each unit or technology toward enhanced performance and new levels of emerging functionalities. The categorization of hybrid chips spans across rigid hybrid chips that follow a multi-chiplet approach, semi-flexible chips that integrate flexible units with semi-rigid ones such as thinned silicon integrated circuits, and lastly, flexible chips in which all components are inherently flexible. This perspective article analyzes technical challenges that arise concerning the development of sustainable materials and processing technologies, complex heterogeneous integration, as well as advanced packaging architectures, standardization, and reliability testing. The economic implications for the semiconductor technology transition to hybrid chips is presented in terms of manufacturing costs, economic feasibility, and market readiness. Key insights and future application opportunities are provided, while recent advancements in the field are summarized. This perspective article suggests that by addressing these challenges, hybrid chips have the potential to transform electronic components and systems across a wide range of industries and use case scenario. The advancement of hybrid chip technologies by enhancing the collaboration between industry and academia as well as policymakers will be a crucial part in the realization of required sustainability goals within the worldwide Chips Act initiative, while ensuring the technological progress has the right balance between improved performance and sustainability.