Standard Indonesia Research Articles

Manufacturing Non Adhesive Biobriquettes With Main Ingredients From Cow Manure Waste at Dairy Cows Teaching Factory

Biobriquettes are solid energy source that comes from biomass that is compressed under a certain pressure. The development of non-adhesive biobriquettes has not been widely carried out. Teaching factory (TEFA) Dairy Cows Politeknik Negeri Jember have 51 cows and products ± 18-20 kg/day of cow manure which have not managed optimally. On the other side of district Jember produces 1,945 tons of coconut shell waste per year which is pill up, thrown away and used as stove fiel or simply burned. This research was conducted with an experimental method using composition variations of raws material and mixed material to obtain the best mixture ratio for biobriquettes, 4KS6AR (40% : 60%), 5KS5AR (50% : 50%), 6KS4AR (60% : 40%). The raw material for cow dung is cleaned from grass fibers. The coconut shells raw material that has been dried in the sun, then pyrolyzed at a temperature of approximately 200-250ºC for 6-7 hours, then ground to size of 40, 60 and 100 mesh. From the tests that have been carried out, the most optimal value to quality standards of National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) 01-6235-2000 is with a water content of 2,382 %, calorific value of 6.650 cal/g.

Activity of a Gel Combination of Aloe Vera (Aloe Vera (L) Burm.F.) and Snail Mucus (Achatina fulica (Ferussac, 1821)) on Burn Wounds in Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Strains

Burn injury is produced by thermal stress on the skin tissue. This research aimed to determine the combination of Aloe vera and snail mucus used to treat burns and determine the optimal formula. The research was pure with only a randomized control design, including F1 being given placebo gel, F1 (10%:10%), F2 (10%:15%), F3 (10%:20%), and F4 being given bioplacenton. The gel evaluation and tested for the ability to treat burns on rats for about 21 days. The combination gel made a homogenous formulation with a pH 6 based on pH paper while pH meter results were around 6,27- 6,35 cm, a spread of 5,70-6,60 cm, and a viscosity value of 5.600-7.600 cps that was stable for 3 weeks of storage. This evaluation’s findings are consistent with the provisions of National Standard Indonesia (SNI). The activity optimal combination gel obtained by examining the average diameter and discoloration were 10%:20% (0,5560 cm), 10%:15% (0,8120 cm), 10%:10% (0,9860 cm), bioplacenton (0,4780 cm), and placebo gel (1,5340 cm). On the 21st day, the skin condition of K1, K2, K3, and K4 was normal, however, K0 was not normal. The statistical analysis data is normally distributed (p≥0,05), homogeneous (p≥0,05), and a significant difference in all groups (p0,05). According to the experiment, three gel combination of Aloe vera and snail mucus have an effect on healing burns but 10%:20% (F3) could accelerate the optimal healing process.

Effectiveness of biomass-based fly ash in pulp and paper liquid waste treatment

Adsorption is regarded as one of the most promising and straightforward strategies for reducing organic pollutants from wastewater effluents. The use of adsorbents from economical raw materials, even those from waste, is one recent concern. This study aims to test the effectiveness of biomass-based fly ash in treating liquid waste from pulp and paper production activities. Fly ash (FA) performance for adsorption was tested by varying the ratio of adsorbent with wastewater by 20, 40, 60, and 80 g/L. The adsorbents' performance was then compared between the application of FA directly (without activation) and adsorbents that were previously calcinated in 100 °C and 200 °C. Samples of pulp and paper liquid waste are placed on the erlenmeyer flask and stirred using a jar test with speeds varying by 100, 200, and 300 rpm. The results showed that FA is potential directly used with no thermal treatment as an adsorbent in treating liquid waste in the pulp and paper industry. It was effectively used with a dosage of 20 g/L and a 100 rpm fatigue speed with a contact time of 10 min. The quality changes of several wastewater parameters were found with a 92.5% reduction in TSS, 83.31% in COD, 19.99% in chlorides, 95.41% in NH3, and 19.6% in TDS, 19.6% in EC. Those parameters have successfully complied with the regulation standard of Indonesia (SNI) for wastewater.

Total plate count of commercial pasteurized milk sold by street vendors in Mulyorejo sub-district Surabaya

Food and nutritional quality of society is one of mine focuses of the government. Milk have complete nutrients but also can be the source food borne disease. The Veterinary Public Health itself has the responsibility to provide guarantees of food safety from animal resources which is called ASUH (safe, healthy, wholesome and halal) to be consumed by society. This study aimed to know the Total Plate Count of commercial pasteurized milk sold by street vendors in Mulyorejo Sub-district Surabaya. The study was conducted from January until February 2018 at the Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Thirty samples of commercial pasteurized milk were bought from three street vendors then examined using Pour Plate Method of Total Plate Count. Total Plate Count result showed that the number of bacteria in commercial pasteurized milk sold by street vendors in Mulyorejo Sub-district Surabaya was 1.0 x 104 CFU/ml, that met the National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) 01-3951-1995.

Chemical content of waste composting by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)

Solid food waste from households and restaurants in urban areas currently be a severe problem. Mismanagement of solid food waste can promote disease. Black Soldier Fly larvae were known as new composting technology because they fast in the composting process. To decrease the volume of solid food waste that Black Soldier Fly larvae can be applied. This research aims to study the chemical content of the compost from composting by Black Soldier Fly larvae. The results show that the C-organic compost content is 18,37%, Total Nitrogen is 1.45%, Total Phosphor is 1.58%, and the pH is 6.8, C/N ratio is 12.66. Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphor, C/N ratio, and pH have fulfilled the requirements of the National compost standard of Indonesia (SNI). So, Compost from Black Soldier Fly larvae has high potential as a standard compost.

Menelisik Kesehatan Bank Menggunakan Metode Risk Based Bank Rating

The purpose of this study is to determine the health level of the Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jambi in 2015-2019. The object of research is the Regional Development Bank, one of which is an active role in increasing the development of each area where the shares are owned by the provincial government, based on Article 2 Number 13/1 / PBI. / 2011 point 2, Banks are required to conduct a soundness rating using a risk-based bank rating, both individually and on a consolidated basis. The results of the analysis of banking financial ratios using Risk Based Bank Rating indicate the condition of the financial performance of PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jambi 2015-2019 from the aspect of Risk Profile NPL ratio meets bank standards except the Loan to Deposit Ratio does not meet the standards set by Bank Indonesia. In GCG analysis, which is an assessment of the quality of bank management on the implementation of GCG principles that has met bank standards. in the profitability ratio analysis, financial performance conditions can be said to be very good. In the analysis, the capital adequacy ratio has met Bank Indonesia's standards.

Development of Purple Sweet Potato Porridge Product (Ipomea batatas) as an Alternative of Emergency Food Products

Emergency food is food that designed and produced for directly consumed, and supplying humans daily nutritional needs in emergency conditions. Purple sweet potato porridge is an alternative for emergency food product that can directly consumed and also as effort for food diversification because it use purple sweet potato as carbohydrate source. Emergency food must easy to distribute, so one of the method is by using retort pouch as the packaging. The aims of this study is to analyze changes of critical parameters (colour, pH, and microbiological contamination) during storage period and to determine the shelf life of purple sweet potato porridge products. This study shows that the most preferred formulation of purple sweet potato porridge is Formulation F2 with 250 grams of purple sweet potato, 150 grams of sweetened condensed milk, and 500 ml of water. Shelf life of purple sweet potato porridge product based from colour changes parameter is 30 days, however based from microbiological contamination parameters the product didn’t meet national standard of Indonesia (SNI) requirements after two weeks of storage.

Decentralized wastewater treatment performance evaluation based on chemical and physical parameters at Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta

Communal wastewater treatment plant (CWWTP) has been chosen as one system to treat domestic wastewater due to simple technology, flexible management, and cost-effectiveness. There are 376 CWWTP have been recorded by Environmental Agency of Yogyakarta (DLH DIY) that spread in five regencies. Monitoring results on CWWTP effluent showed that some physical and chemical parameters did not meet the domestic wastewater standard. Therefore, evaluation of removal efficiency in terms physical and chemical parameters are necessary. The samples were collected from nine CWWTP in Banguntapan, Bantul and Gamping sub-districts. The physical and chemicals parameters (pH, TSS, BOD, COD, Ammonia, oil, and grease) of influent and effluent from CWWTP are analyzed based on National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) for domestic wastewater. The results show that BOD (>70%) and TSS (>50%) have better removal effectiveness compare with COD, ammonia, oil, and grease (40%). Overall, CWWTP in Banguntapan subdistrict has better performance compare with CWWTP in Bantul subdistrict.

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil using Electrostatic Method

Biodiesel (methyl ester) produced from trans esterification of waste cooking oil is a potential material to replace diesel fuel. The biodiesel can be obtained by using electrostatic method equipped with fixed distance electrode 1.5 cm and voltage at 12 volts. Coagulation of particle process i.e. glycerin drops in biodieselglycerin mixture was based on electrical field. Reactants used were methanol over KOH catalyst and temperature was set at 60 C. The residence time was varied as well as methanol to waste cooking oil ratio. Analysis result shows the process was able to obtain yield up to 83.3%. The quality of biodiesel produced was tested and satisfy the requirement according to National Standard of Indonesia (SNI), i.e. density 0.8594 mg/mL (compared to SNI: 0.85-0.90 mg/mL), flash point 191 C (SNI min 100 C), water content 0.0342% (SNI max 0.05%) and viscosity at lower limit 2.31 cSt. According to SNI 7182-2015 the above value meets the specified standard.

KAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH RUMAH SAKIT DAN SNI TERKAIT

The study of hospital waste water treatment technology, with choice one of waste water treatment technology this is activated sludge process, which already common use related to the National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) about environment, especially waste water, and more specifically is activated sludge. These snis are used to compliment of testing from technology of hospital waste water treatment. There for, it is need to be more reinforce the application of SNI so that each the technical regulation don’t want to detail the technical aspect it self. This because to revise the legal regulation is not easy, meanwhile the SNI can be revised anytime we need. We need to continue and to increase cooperation (MOU) between the Ministry of Environment and the National Accreditation Committee (KAN), about the joint assessment accreditation of environment parameters quality laboratory. The good application of technology and standard will have a good impacts for the growth of economic environment equipments industry. From the hospital waste water samples in Jakarta has showed that the chemical consentrate pollution very fluctuated, e.g., BOD 31,52 - 675,33 mg/l, ammoniac 10,79 - 158,73 mg/l, detergent (MBAS) 1,66 - 9,79 mg/l. From the BOD (mg/l) parameter with minimum 31, 52 and maximum 675,33 still include in the BOD parameter, as decree of KLH No 58/95, mentioned that the maximum gradient 75 mg/l, but to see from the mean as 353,43 are far out from the article of KLH decree. Key words : Air limbah, lumpur aktif, teknologi, SNI, lingkungan, standardisasi

PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG BUAH KARET (Hevea brasilliensis) DENGAN AKTIVATOR H3PO4 DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PENJERAP Cr(VI)


 Activated carbon from lignocellulosic materials are renewable, abundant, and inexpesive. Rubber shell activated carbon that activated chemicaly has abilty to adsorp heavy metal. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of phosphoric acid concentration toward characteristics of rubber shell activated carbon, and its ability to adsorp Cr(VI). The materials used in this research are rubber shell, aquadest, and Cr(VI) solution. This research was started by impregnating rubber shell with phosphoric acid at 20%, 40% and 60% for 1 hour and then sample was carbonizated in furnace at 500oC for 1 hour. After that, activated carbon was applied to adsorp Cr(VI). The characteristic of surface area of rubber shell activated carbon are measured by BET method. Furthermore, the residual concentration of Cr(VI) was measured with Atomic Adsortion Spectrophotometer. The result shows that characteristics of rubber shell activated carbon such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter have fulfilled National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) except ash content of activated carbon that activated by 20% phosphoric acid. Surface area of activated carbon has fulfilled the standard of commercial adsorbent. The largest adsorption capasity is obtained using Rubber shell activated carbon that activated by 40% phosphoric acid with adsorption percentage 96,67%.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK ASAM SULFAT (STUDI KASUS : PT. XYZ)

<p>PT. XYZ is a basic chemical manufacturing company which produces sulphuric acid. Quality<br />standard are reffered to National Standard of Indonesia (SNI). PT. XYZ has certified the use of SNI<br />standard for sulphurid acid product quality. Quality control of product is supervised by technician from<br />PT. XYZ to ensure that only products that meet acceptable standard of quality which may be delivered<br />to customer in order to ensure customer satisfaction. PT. XYZ establish product specifications sulphuric<br />acid in the production process with a concentration of at least 98,5%. Determination of sulphuric acids<br />product specification targets are too high from the referenced standard is loss and optimal quantity of<br />product produced. This study aims to measure the process capability and product specifications of<br />sulphuric acid establishes the right to increase the quantity of products. And then, Designing an<br />appropriate system to control product quality sulphuric acid which has been determined. Determination<br />of the specifications made by processing the sulphuric acids inspection levels. Processing data using<br />analytical tools of quality control, histogram charts, control charts, and a causal diagram. Result of<br />the analysis compared to the quality control standard established by BSN through SNI 0030:2011.<br />From the comparison of the data will be used to set quality standard appropriate levels of sulphuric<br />acid. Quality control system design sulphuric acid starts from the selection of raw material supplier,<br />controlling during the setting process until the sulphuric acid concentration through dilution water.</p>

Pengaruh Mutu Biji Coklat Kering pada Proses Pengolahan Produk Awetan Coklat

This research has conducted to find out the effects of the cocoa beans quality on chocolate manufacture to produce the chocolate mass, chocolate butter and cocoa powder. Parameter evaluated of the cocoa beans quality (SNI 01-2323- 2002) were moisture. insects. fungi. foreigh matters, and shell content. Parameter analysis of the chocolate mass were colour. flavor. moisture. butter and pH. The analysis ot Ihe cocoa butter were colour. flavor and free fatty acid (FFA) content The analysis of cocoa powder were colour. flavor. butter content, pH and total plate count. The quality of cocoa beans coming from 6 (six) regencies was analyzed and tehe the best two (from Kutai Timor and Samarinda) of them were chosen for further process to make chocolate mass. After that cocoa butter and powder produced. All the qualify of cocoa beans. chocolate mass. cocoa butter and cocoa powder were analyzed based on appropriate National Standard of Indonesia (SNI). The main quality parameters. influencing tne products were moeisture and fat content while the key step of process to meet the standard were the fermentation. roasting and pressing.

Calcium Oxide Decomposed From Chicken’s and Goat’s Bones as Catalyst For Converting Discarded Cooking Oil to be Biodiesel

Thermal decomposition of calcium oxide from chicken’s (Gallus gallus domesticus) and goat’s (Capra Hircus Aegragus) bones was prepared at temperature variations of 400, 500, 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 oC respectively. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), FT-IR and SEM were used for calcium oxide characterization. XRD diffraction pattern of the bone’s after thermal decomposition at 1100oC has similarity to the XRD standard diffraction pattern from Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard (JCPDS). Diffractions of 2q values being used are 34.2o, 37.3o, 58.3o, 64.1o, and 67.3 o. Ca-O presence in the samples was detected by FT-IR characterization at wavenumber of 354,90 cm-1. SEM profile show reducing size of bones after decomposition in both chicken’s and goat’s bones. Furthermore, the prepared calcium oxide was applied for biodiesel synthesis from discarded cooking oil through transesterification reaction. By applying the catalysts decomposed from chicken’s and goat’s bones, the biodiesel product showed characteristics as follows: biodiesel applied the chicken’s bone catalyst has fatty acid number of 0.56 mg/KOH, iod number of 22.41 g I2/100 g KOH, density of 0.88 g/cm3 and viscosity of 5.91 mm2/s, while biodiesel applied the goat’s bone catalyst has 0.56 mg/KOH, iod number of 21.57 g I2/100 g KOH, density of 0.88 g/cm3 and viscosity of 6.34 mm2/s. Those biodiesel’s characteristic values meet the National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) for biodiesel.