Objective: Arterial stiffness (AS) is significant independant cardiovascular (CV) risk factor in patients undergoing hemodilaysis (HD). Reports on impact of different vascular access on AS are inconclusive and our aim was to analyse whether patients with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) differ from those dialysed via central venous catheters (CVC) in markers of AS. Design and method: We have enrolled 230 HD patients (median 65 yrs. (IQR 61–76), men 52%, dialysis vintage 67 (24–120) months. Out of them 167 (72.6%) patients had AVF and 63 had CVCs. All patients were on erythropoietin therapy and on active vitamin D as recommended by guidelines. They were dialyzed with standard bicarbonate hemodialysis solutions and synthetic dialyzers, with blood flow rates of 300–350 ml/min and dialysate flow rates of 500–800 ml/min. We have assessed AS i.e. pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Aix) by Arteriograph device, blood pressure (BP) was measured with Omron M6 device by ESH/ESC guidelines. All measurements were performed before mid-week dialysis. Results: There were no differences in age, sex, body height, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, Kt/V, serum calcium and cholesterol between two group of patients. Patients with AVF had significantly higher ultrafiltration rates, hemoglobin, phosphates, CaxP and serum iron (p < 0.002) with longer dialysis vintage (p = 0.02) as well higher values of brachial and central systolic BP, pulse pressure, AIx and PWV (p = 0.004; p = 0.001; p < 0.001; p = 0.014;p = 0.058). Using multiple linear regression models, PWV was positively associated with central systolic BP, ultrafiltration and CaxP (p = 0.02; p = 0.009; p = 0.001), while AIx was positively associated with central systolic BP (p < 0.001), and negatively with CaxP, heart rate and systolic BP (p = 0.028; p < 0.001; p < 0.001). In multiple linear regression models the type of vasacular access was not associated with AS markers. Conclusions: Patients with AVF had higher AS. However, the type of vascular access was not independently associated with wither PWV or AIx. Based on our results it could be concluded that vascular access type does not have impact on CV risk by modifying AS markers.