Standard Count Research Articles

Does XBRL Tagging Indicate Disclosure Quality? The Relationship Between XBRL Standard and Extension Tags and Stock Return Synchronicity

ABSTRACT We propose new measures of financial disclosure quality based on XBRL standard and extension tag counts. XBRL is designed to allow users to analyze more financial statement detail, thereby increasing reporting transparency. Thus, firms that use more XBRL standard tags should produce more detailed and comparable financial reports. To test this assertion, we examine the association between XBRL tag counts and stock return synchronicity, which measures the market’s reaction to the quality of firms’ disclosures. We find that firms that use more standard taxonomy tags in their 10-K reports have higher stock return synchronicity after the 10-K filing. However, we find that stock return synchronicity decreases as XBRL extension tag counts increase, suggesting that the use of extension tags reduces disclosure quality. Our findings contribute to the growing body of research on XBRL disclosure. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

The effect of nasal septum deviation type on the systemic inflammatory index and blood markers of inflammation

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the changes in blood markers of inflammation and the systemic immune inflammatory index in patients with nasal septum deviation (NSD). An additional aim was to determine if there was a significant difference in the findings according to septum deviation type.
 Methods: This retrospective study included 321 patients diagnosed with NSD via physical examination and CT (NSD group), and 101 healthy controls. Standard complete blood count was performed. Main blood parameters and mean platelet volume (MPV), the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) were recorded. NSD was classified as 3 types according to Dreher classification, and the types were compared to each other and the control group.
 Results: The hemoglobin level, and platelet and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in the NSD group than in the control group (P

Relationship of red cell distribution width-coefficient of variance with the severity of systolic dysfunction in patients of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Background: Red blood cells distribution width (RDW)-coefficient of variance (RDW-CV) is a measure of red blood cell width variation, reported as part of a standard complete blood count. Although it is usually measured as a routine test, actually its values have been only used in the differential diagnosis of anemia and its high values indicate the presence of anisocytosis. It has been demonstrated that RDW could be considered as an independent additional marker of cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, the role of RDW in patients with heart failure is less known. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between RDW-CV and severity of systolic dysfunction in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Cardiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from April 2019 to March 2020. This study included 100 consecutive patients with dyspnea, fatigue and fluid retention suggestive of heart failure. Participating subjects were subjected to a detailed history taking, complete physical examination, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and routine laboratory investigations including RDW-CV calculate from complete blood count were performed. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by echocardiography. Results: The study showed statistically significant negative correlation between RDW-CV and LVEF (r = -0.498, p value<0.001). Conclusion: In the study showed that elevated RDW was associated with decreased ejection fraction assessed by echocardiography in patients of HFrEF. Therefore, increased RDW could be used as an additional marker for identifying severity of left ventricular dysfunction. BIRDEM Med J 2023; 13(3): 124-129

Estimation of cell type proportions from bulk RNA-Seq of porcine whole blood samples using partial reference-free deconvolution

Whole blood has become increasingly utilized in transcriptomic studies because it is easily accessible and can be collected from live animals with minimal invasiveness. However, whole blood represents an extremely complex mixture of cell types, and cell type proportions can confound downstream statistical analyses. Information on cell type proportions may be missing from blood transcriptome studies for a variety of reasons. Experimental approaches for cell counting, such as cell sorting, are arduous and expensive, and therefore may not feasible for studies conducted on a limited budget. Statistical deconvolution can be applied directly to transcriptomic data sets to estimate cell type proportions. In addition to being financially advantageous, computational deconvolution can readily be applied to old datasets, where it may be difficult or impossible to re-analyze for cell type information. In an effort to assist researchers in recovering cell type proportions from porcine whole blood transcriptome samples, we present a manually curated set of porcine blood cell markers that can be utilized in a partial reference-free deconvolution framework to obtain estimates of cell types measured in a standard complete blood count (CBC) panel, which includes neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and red blood cells.

Rapid, automated quantification of Haemonchus contortus ova in sheep faecal samples

Haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic nematodes affecting small ruminants globally and is responsible for large economic losses in the sheep and goat industry. Anthelmintic resistance is rampant in this parasite and thus parasite control programs must account for drug efficacy on individual farms and, sometimes, whether H. contortus is the most prevalent trichostrongylid. Historically, coproculture has been the main way to determine the prevalence of H. contortus in faecal samples due to the inability to morphologically differentiate between trichostrongylid egg types, but this process requires a skilled technician and takes multiple days to complete. Fluoresceinated peanut agglutinin (PNA) has been shown to specifically bind H. contortus and thus differentiate eggs based on whether they fluoresce, but this method has not been widely adopted. The ParasightTM System (PS) fluorescently stains helminth eggs in order to identify and quantify them, and the H. contortus PNA staining method was therefore adapted to this platform using methodology requiring only 20 min to obtain results. In this study, 74 fecal samples were collected from sheep and analyzed for PNA-stained H. contortus, using both PS and manual fluorescence microscopy. The percentage of H. contortus was determined based on standard total strongylid counts with PS or brightfield microscopy. Additionally, 15 samples were processed for coproculture with larval identification, and analyzed with both manual and automated PNA methods. All methods were compared using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (ρc). ParasightTM and manual PNA percent H. contortus results were highly correlated with R2 = 0.8436 and ρc = 0.9100 for all 74 fecal samples. Coproculture versus PS percent H. contortus were also highly correlated with R2 = 0.8245 and ρc = 0.8605. Overall, this system provides a rapid and convenient method for determining the percentage of H. contortus in sheep and goat fecal samples without requiring specialized training.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)-Driven Subjective Answer Ranking

Exams for universities and boards are administered offline each year. Many students show up for subjective exams. It took a lot of work to manually evaluate such a big number of papers. The evaluation's quality can occasionally fluctuate depending on the evaluator's attitude. The evaluation process takes a lot of time and effort. Objective or multiple choice questions are commonly found in competitive and entrance tests. These tests are reviewed using a machine because that is how they were administered, making evaluation simple. The manual evaluation of subjective papers is a difficult and taxing undertaking. A major obstacle when utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze subjective articles is a lack of understanding and acceptance of the findings. There have been numerous attempts to use computer science to evaluate student responses. To accomplish this objective, the majority of the effort, however, needs standard counts or precise terms. There are also not enough carefully selected data sets. In order to evaluate descriptive responses automatically, this paper proposes a novel approach that makes use of various machine learning, natural language processing, and tools like WorldNet, Word2vec, word mover's distance (WMD), cosine similarity, Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), and term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF). Responses are assessed using solution statements and keywords, and a machine learning model is built to forecast the grades of responses. Overall, the results indicate that WMD outperforms cosine similarity. The machine learning model could also be employed independently with appropriate training. Without the MNB model, experimentation produces an accuracy of 88%. Using MNB, the error rate is further decreased by 1.3%. Keywords - Subjective answer evaluation, big data, machine

Bird diversity in several land use types in Boyolali, Central Java

Land use changes were thought to affect the diversity and feeding guilds of bird species. This research aims to determine the effect of five land use types (rice fields, settlements, cropland, tree plantation, and secondary forest) on species diversity and feeding guilds of bird species in Boyolali Regency. Methods used were the standard point count and the MacKinnon species list. Bird data were analyzed using the Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Sorensen community similarity. The total species recorded was 46 species from 26 families. The land use types with the lowest to the highest number of species are settlements, rice field, tree plantations, cropland, and secondary forests. The highest number of species found was in secondary forest (n = 25), along with the highest richness (DMg = 4.17), diversity (H′ = 2.689), and evenness (J′ = 0.835) indices. Although the secondary forest has the highest number of species and indices, other land uses in rural areas also serve as good bird habitats. The insectivorous, frugivorous, and granivorous guilds were found in all land use types. The carnivorous guilds were only found in secondary forests.

Bird community to be developed for birdwatching in Buperta Cibubur Urban Forest, Jakarta

The urban forest of Buperta Cibubur as a recreational and educational site can be developed for birdwatching. This study aims to identify the bird species in four tracks (ranging from 1.9-2.9 km across the built area, open area, 2 tracks in the sparse forest, and thick forest), and provide recommendations (tracks, timing, potential species found) for birdwatching activity. Bird data was collected in March-April 2022, using the standard point count method (replicated three times), in the early morning and late afternoon, totaling 90 observation hours. There were 39 species from 25 families found in all tracks. The thick forest and the built area had the highest number of species (both 27 species). The built area also had the highest bird abundance (1098 individuals). Meanwhile, sparse forest#2 had the least species (19). Some birds were common in all tracks, including Sooty-headed Bulbul, Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker, and Small Minivet. Other attractive and rare species found in the thick forest were the Blue-eared Kingfisher and Javan Blue-flycatcher. The most effective time to conduct birdwatching is suggested at 6-7 am and 4:30-5:30 pm, especially in built areas, forests, and open area tracks. As birdwatching is relatively new in Jakarta, while Buperta has a diverse bird species in the urban area, we recommend developing a birdwatching activity in Buperta.

Antimicrobial Effects of Mouse Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Encapsulated in Collagen-Fibrin Hydrogel Scaffolds on Bacteroides fragilis Wound Infection in vivo.

Anaerobes are the causative agents of many wound infections. B. fragilis is the most prevalent endogenous anaerobic bacterium causes a wide range of diseases, including wound infections. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effect of mouse AD-MSCs encapsulated in CF hydrogel scaffolds on B. fragilis wound infection in an animal model. Stem cells were extracted from mouse adipose tissue and confirmed by surface markers using flow cytometry analysis. The possibility of differentiation of stem cells into osteoblast and adipocyte cells was also assessed. The extracted stem cells were encapsulated in the CF scaffold. B. fragilis wound infection was induced in rats, and then following 24 h, collagen and fibrin-encapsulated MSCs were applied to dress the wound. One week later, a standard colony count test monitored the bacterial load in the infected rats. MSCs were characterized as positive for CD44, CD90, and CD105 markers and negative for CD34, which were able to differentiate into osteoblast and adipocyte cells. AD-MSCs encapsulated with collagen and fibrin scaffolds showed ameliorating effects on B. fragilis wound infection. Additionally, AD-MSCs with a collagen scaffold (54 CFU/g) indicated a greater effect on wound infection than AD-MSCs with a fibrin scaffold (97 CFU/g). The combined CF scaffold demonstrated the highest reduction in colony count (the bacteria load down to 29 CFU/g) in the wound infection. Our findings reveal that the use of collagen and fibrin scaffold in combination with mouse AD-MSCs is a promising alternative treatment for B. fragilis.

Neighborhood safety, fall indices, physical activity level and social participation restrictions from a population of community-dwelling older adults in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

BackgroundRestriction in physical activity (PA) and social participation restriction (PR) can be heightened in the presence of fear of fall (FOF), fall experience, and perceived unsafe neighborhood, particularly among older adults. Despite the enormous benefits of social participation and physical activity, many older adults remain vulnerable to participation restriction and this probably accounts for a significant proportion of health challenges for older adults.ObjectiveThis study investigated the relationship between neighborhood safety (NS), fall indices, physical activity, and social participation restriction among older adults from selected communities in Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey of 170 recruited via consecutive non-probability sampling techniques. Socio-demographic variables, co-morbidities, and fall prevalence were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. The study instruments include the PA neighborhood environment scale – Nigeria (PANES-N), PA scale for elderly (PASE), Participation scale (PS), Modified fall efficacy scale (MFES), and Fall risk assessment tool (FRAT) and fall indices.Statistical analysisDescriptive statistics of mean and standard deviations, frequency counts, and percentages were used to analyze the socio-demographic variables, and Inferential statistics of Spearman rank order correlation were used to determine the relationship among the neighborhood safety, fall indices, physical activity level, and participation restrictions.ResultsPR has a negative relationship with NS (r = -0.19, p- 0.01), and fall efficacy (r = -0.52, p- 0.001). However, PR has a positive relationship with fall risk (r = 0.36, p = 0.001).ConclusionParticipation restriction is negatively correlated with neighborhood safety, fall efficacy, and PA. The PR has a positive relationship with fall risk (FR).

Relationship between hematologic parameters related to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations between hematologic parameters related to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Eighty-two women between the ages of 18 and 35 years who were diagnosed with PCOS were included in this study. A 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered to all study participants; fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin levels were measured simultaneously during the 2-hour OGTT. Hematologic parameters were derived from a standard complete blood count and a differential count of fasting-state blood samples. The correlations between hematologic parameters and insulin resistance-associated clinical and metabolic parameters were evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation and partial correlation coefficients. Hematologic parameters related to systemic inflammation were compared between the two groups, categorized by the presence or absence of insulin resistance. Significant differences in the absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, platelet count, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio were found between the insulin-resistant group and insulin-nonresistant group. Correlation analysis found that all hematological parameters, except for the platelet-lymphocyte ratio, were associated with at least one insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameter. However, these significant correlations between hematological and metabolic parameters were attenuated after controlling for the effects of other covariates using partial correlation analysis. The association between hematologic parameters indicative of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameters seems to be strongly influenced by other anthropometric covariates in women with PCOS.

The Potential of Palynology with Regard to the Archaeology of Medieval Monastery Sites in Iceland

In 2014, as part of the Kortlagning klaustur á Íslandi (Mapping Monasticism in Iceland) archaeological project, bulk samples retrieved from various archaeological sites associated with Icelandic monasticism were subsampled for pollen analysis. The objective was to discern something about the character of the past vegetation that surrounded the sites under archaeological investigation as well as to detect the presence of exotic pollen derived from plant species with medicinal, culinary, and other utilities. Two methods were applied: a standard pollen count (up to 300 pollen grains) and rapid scanning (where all pollen were examined but only exotics were recorded). The pollen surveys showed mixed results in achieving the intended insights, mostly due to taphonomic processes (wind and depositional environments), exacerbated by poor chronological resolution. However, there was sufficient data to suggest that careful selection and analysis of subsamples from archaeological contexts can allow some reconstruction of past vegetation communities and land use practices. The presence of cereal type pollen might suggest cultivation and/or storage of grain in association with medieval archaeological contexts. Furthermore, palynology was able to discern some evidence of the importation of plants for medicinal purposes to Iceland.

Added diagnostic value of routinely measured hematology variables in diagnosing immune checkpoint inhibitor mediated toxicity in the emergency department.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) show remarkable results in cancer treatment, but at the cost of immune-related adverse events (irAE). irAE can be difficult to differentiate from infections or tumor progression, thereby challenging treatment, especially in the emergency department (ED) where time and clinical information are limited. As infections are traceable in blood, we were interested in the added diagnostic value of routinely measured hematological blood cell characteristics in addition to standard diagnostic practice in the ED to aid irAE assessment. Hematological variables routinely measured with our hematological analyzer (Abbott CELL-DYN Sapphire) were retrieved from Utrecht Patient Oriented Database (UPOD) for all patients treated with ICI who visited the ED between 2013 and 2020. To assess the added diagnostic value, we developed and compared two models; a base logistic regression model trained on the preliminary diagnosis at the ED, sex, and gender, and an extended model trained with lasso that also assessed the hematology variables. A total of 413 ED visits were used in this analysis. The extended model showed an improvement in performance (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve) over the base model, 0.79 (95% CI 0.75-0.84), and 0.67 (95% CI 0.60-0.73), respectively. Two standard blood count variables (eosinophil granulocyte count and red blood cell count) and two advanced variables (coefficient of variance of neutrophil depolarization and red blood cell distribution width) were associated with irAE. Hematological variables are a valuable and inexpensive aid for irAE diagnosis in the ED. Further exploration of the predictive hematological variables could yield new insights into the pathophysiology underlying irAE and in distinguishing irAE from other inflammatory conditions.

Anti-fasciolic effect of raw seeds of Nigella sativa, Fumaria parviflora (aerial), in naturally infected Buffaloes

In the present study Nigella sativa (seeds) and Fumaria parviflora (aerial), were used to treat buffaloes naturally infected with fasciolosis and their efficacy (%) was compared. In vivo, pre-and post-treatment (50 mg, 100 mg, and 150 mg/ kg body weight of the two medicinal plants) fecal egg counts were determined following standard fecal egg count reduction in buffaloes (Babulus sp.) of Nili Ravi breed naturally parasitized with Fasciola sp. The infected buffaloes were randomly divided into 3 main groups’ i.e. A, B, and C. Animals in groups A and B were further subdivided into three subgroups i.e. A1, A2, A3; B1, B2, B3. Sub-groups A1 and B1 were given dose levels of 50mg/kg body weight, A2, and B2, 100mg while A3 and B3, 150mg/kg body weight of Nigella sativa (seeds) and Fumaria parviflora (aerial), respectively. Group C with infected animals served as a control. 2 medicinal plants has been found significantly (P<0.05) efficient (42-100%) and safe to use against fasciolosis.

A study of avian diversity in Durgapur Government College Campus, West Bengal, India

The present study was performed to investigate bird diversity at Durgapur Government College Campus, West Bengal, India from January 2013 to January 2020. The standard point count method and opportunistic sightings were used to make the checklist of the bird species. A total of 106 different bird species belonging to 47 families were recorded. Sylviidae was recorded as the most diverse family. Out of the 106 bird species, 23 were winter migrants, 4 were summer migrants, 1 was passage migrant, 1 was vagrant and the rest 77 were residents. Winter months supported the highest species richness while maximum bird density was recorded in the month of March. The global population trend chart of the observed bird species showed that most of the species belonged to the stable category (52 %, 55 species). Alexandrine Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) belonged to the Near Threatened category of the IUCN Red List category among the recorded birds. The present study area is now facing various anthropogenic disturbances which are leading to the decline of the bird populations and need special attention. More extensive studies will surely enrich our knowledge of the avifauna of this area.

Microbial and Physicochemical Evaluation of Water Sourced from the Diobu Neighborhood Water Scheme, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

The microbial and physicochemical evaluation of water sourced from the Diobu Neighbourhood Water Scheme (DNWS) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria was investigated due to some skepticism by households in the area concerning the water. Inhabitants disinfect their sourced drinking water using chemical agents as well as other crude measures to control microbes. Sixty water samples were collected from two household groups; household group 1- 4 and 5-8 persons (each group had 30 samples each) and analyzed for physiochemical and microbial property using standard laboratory procedure. Heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform, fecal coliform and heterotrophic fungi had mean ± standard deviation counts of 219.5 ± 6.0 x 103, 29 ± 1.0 x 101, 21 ± 3.0 x 101 and 105 ± 3.0 x 102CFU/ml for household group size 1- 4 persons respectively, while household size group 5-8 persons had mean ± standard deviation counts of 890 ± 1.0 x 103, 55 ± 3.0 x 101, 24 ± 8.0 x 101 and 81 ± 2.0 x 102 CFU/ml for heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform, fecal coliform and heterotrophic fungi respectively. The water samples obtained from the household size from 1-4 persons had temperature that ranged from 28 to 30.50C while the water samples from homes with household size of 5-8 had temperature range from 26 to 300C. The physiochemical result reported no dissolve or suspended solid and turbidity. The hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) of water samples obtained from household size group 1-4 persons was 5.0 while that of the water samples in household size group 5-8 persons ranged from 5.0 and 6.0. There was no chlorine, bromine, magnesium and calcium elements in the water samples obtained from the homes’ water samples. Thus, drinking water from household size group 5-8 were more laden with microbes of medical importance. However, physico-chemical examination showed acceptability despite the alleged interference of chemical.

Application of quantitative proteomics to discover biomarkers for tick resistance in cattle.

Breeding for tick resistance is a sustainable alternative to control cattle ticks due to widespread resistance to acaricidal drugs and the lack of a protective vaccine. The most accurate method used to characterise the phenotype for tick resistance in field studies is the standard tick count, but this is labour-intensive and can be hazardous to the operator. Efficient genetic selection requires reliable phenotyping or biomarker(s) for accurately identifying tick-resistant cattle. Although breed-specific genes associated with tick resistance have been identified, the mechanisms behind tick resistance have not yet been fully characterised. This study applied quantitative proteomics to examine the differential abundance of serum and skin proteins using samples from naïve tick-resistant and -susceptible Brangus cattle at two-time points following tick exposure. The proteins were digested into peptides, followed by identification and quantification using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry. Resistant naïve cattle had a suite of proteins associated with immune response, blood coagulation and wound healing that were significantly (adjusted P < 10- 5) more abundant compared with susceptible naïve cattle. These proteins included complement factors (C3, C4, C4a), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), beta-2-glycoprotein-1, keratins (KRT1 & KRT3) and fibrinogens (alpha & beta). The mass spectrometry findings were validated by identifying differences in the relative abundance of selected serum proteins with ELISA. The proteins showing a significantly different abundance in resistant cattle following early and prolonged tick exposures (compared to resistant naïve) were associated with immune response, blood coagulation, homeostasis, and wound healing. In contrast, susceptible cattle developed some of these responses only after prolonged tick exposure. Resistant cattle were able to transmigrate immune-response related proteins towards the tick bite sites, which may prevent tick feeding. Significantly differentially abundant proteins identified in this research in resistant naïve cattle may provide a rapid and efficient protective response to tick infestation. Physical barrier (skin integrity and wound healing) mechanisms and systemic immune responses were key contributors to resistance. Immune response-related proteins such as C4, C4a, AGP and CGN1 (naïve samples), CD14, GC and AGP (post-infestation) should be further investigated as potential biomarkers for tick resistance.

Influence of Library Resources and Services on Research Activities Among Postgraduate Students of Southwest Federal Universities, Nigeria

Library resources and services are essential in postgraduate studies to conduct successful research, demonstrate academic scholarship and gain recognition for creative thinking. Hence, this study evaluated the influence of library resources and services on research activities among postgraduate students’ in southwest Federal Universities, Nigeria. A study research design was adopted for the survey. However, a multi-stage sampling procedure was applied to select 378 respondents for the study. Data were assembled with the use of a designed questionnaire on library resources and services influencing postgraduate research activities. Standard deviation, mean, frequency counts and percentages were used to analyse the data. Results reveal that textbooks <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />2.96), World Wide Web <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />2.80) and e-books <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />2.76), <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />3.12), books <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />3.61) and e-books <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />3.35) were the major resources that enhanced postgraduate students research activities by the respondents. Also, reference <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />2.85) and Wi-Fi services <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />2.75) Wi-Fi services <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />3.17), referral services <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />3.16) and user education <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />3.10), were library services that promote postgraduate students research activities. Findings further revealed that books <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />2.72), e-journals <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />2.68), print journals <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />2.65) internet <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />2.61), reference services <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />2.65) and reprographic services <img width="20" height="10" src="http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/526/5260205/image001.png" />2.37) were the most influencing library services among postgraduate students. The study concluded that the library provides resources and services that influence the research activities of postgraduate students. However, the use of library resources and services is crucial in postgraduate studies to achieve their academic objectives. The study, therefore recommended that provision and preservation of library resources should be given more attention in the universities, while library services should be improved upon for better service delivery. In addition, the library should make enough internet access points available for students.

Detection of HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples of Children Suspected to Encephalitis.

Encephalitis is an uncommon, serious brain infection that can cause fatality among children. The cause of most encephalitis remained unknown, yet viruses are the most well-known infectious agents that cause encephalitis. This study aimed to determine varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1, 2 (HSV1/2) among individuals who are under 5 years of age in Iran. In this study, 149 cerebrospinal fluid samples of suspected patients of encephalitis were analyzed with some symptoms, such as seizure, fever, nausea loss of consciousness, and dizziness from Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Then, the molecular evaluation of samples was performed using multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for detecting HSV1/2 and VZV. The mean age of the patients was 1.8 years. Also, 63.4% of children were male and 36.6% were female. Out of 149 tested samples, 11 (7.3%) showed the viral DNA for one of the herpes viruses (7.3%). Nine samples were HSV1 positive (6.0%) and two samples were VZV positive (1.3%). Fever and vomiting were the most frequent symptoms. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) WBC and counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-positive samples, and all included samples were 298.8 ± 552.7 cells/μL and 131.1 ± 474.6 cells/μL, respectively. Although viral encephalitis is considered a threat to children's health, with accurate diagnosis and appropriate antiviral drugs, death and neurological complications in children can be prevented.

Rice Crop Counting Using Aerial Imagery and GIS for the Assessment of Soil Health to Increase Crop Yield.

Rice is one of the vital foods consumed in most countries throughout the world. To estimate the yield, crop counting is used to indicate improper growth, identification of loam land, and control of weeds. It is becoming necessary to grow crops healthy, precisely, and proficiently as the demand increases for food supplies. Traditional counting methods have numerous disadvantages, such as long delay times and high sensitivity, and they are easily disturbed by noise. In this research, the detection and counting of rice plants using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and aerial images with a geographic information system (GIS) are used. The technique is implemented in the area of forty acres of rice crop in Tando Adam, Sindh, Pakistan. To validate the performance of the proposed system, the obtained results are compared with the standard plant count techniques as well as approved by the agronomist after testing soil and monitoring the rice crop count in each acre of land of rice crops. From the results, it is found that the proposed system is precise and detects rice crops accurately, differentiates from other objects, and estimates the soil health based on plant counting data; however, in the case of clusters, the counting is performed in semi-automated mode.