Staining Beverages Research Articles

Effects of staining solutions on the discoloration of orthodontic adhesives: An in-vitro study

Our aim was to evaluate the effects of staining solutions on the discoloration of orthodontic adhesives. Six orthodontic adhesives were investigated (Transbond XT [3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif, USA], Heliosit Orthodontic [Ivoclar Vivadent, Liectenstein], Light Bond [Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA], Bisco Ortho [Bisco, Schamburg, IL, USA], Quick Cure [Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA], and Filtek Supreme XT [3M ESPE, St Paul, Minn, USA]), and 5 beverages (tea, cola, coffee, red wine, and yogurt). Sixty specimens were prepared. Five specimens from each group were stored in each of the 5 staining solutions. The 5 remaining specimens from each group served as the controls and were stored in distilled water. The specimens were immersed in staining solutions and water at 37°C ± 1°C for 5 days. The test period was 25 days. Before and after the test period, color measurements were carried out with a spectrophotometer, and color changes (ΔE∗) were calculated. Statistical differences were evaluated by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD tests. Adhesive materials, staining agents, and their interactions were found to play statistically significant roles (P < 0.001) in color changes. Among the adhesive materials, the Light Bond water control group consistently showed the lowest ΔE∗ value for all materials, and the Filtek Supreme XT group showed the highest ΔE∗ value for all materials. After the in-vitro experimental process for staining solutions and water, unsatisfactory color stability was observed for the conventional adhesive systems except for Light Bond, Transbond XT, and Bisco Ortho water control group (ΔE∗ > 3.7), respectively. In esthetically critical areas, discoloration of adhesive materials for fixed orthodontics can cause patient dissatisfaction. Orthodontic composites will discolor from staining beverages during their lifespan.

A double blind randomized clinical trial of at-home tooth bleaching using two carbamide peroxide concentrations: 6-month follow-up

Objectives This double blind randomized clinical trial evaluated the longevity of the whitening effect (6-month follow-up) of two carbamide peroxide concentrations used in at-home vital bleaching. Methods Ninety-two volunteers with shade mean C1 or darker for the six maxillary anterior teeth were randomized into two balanced groups ( n = 46) according to bleaching agent concentration: 10% (CP10) or 16% (CP16) carbamide peroxide. Patients were instructed to use the whitening agent in a tray for 2 h/day during 3 weeks. Shade evaluations were done with a value-oriented shade guide, and a spectrophotometer at baseline, and at 1-week and 6-month post-bleaching. Volunteers for both treatment groups had to answer questions related to dietary and oral hygiene behavior. Results At 6-month recall, tooth shade remained significantly lighter than at baseline, in both treatment groups, considering the color parameters: Δ L*, Δ a*, Δ b*, Δ E* ( p < 0.0001) or the tooth shade median values ( p < 0.001). Additionally, shade median relapse at 6-month follow-up was not statistically different between CP10 and CP16 groups using the spectrophotometer ( p = 0.1) or the visual matching ( p = 0.7) analyses. Overall, subjects from CP10 and CP16 reported high consumption of beverage and food stains, which was not different between groups ( p = 0.5). Conclusions The whitening effect remained similar 6-month after the bleaching treatment for both carbamide peroxide concentrations tested. Additionally, the high consumption of staining beverages and foods reported by patients had no influence in the whitening effect longevity at 6-month.