Stages Of Digression Research Articles

Влияние рекреации на радиальный прирост сосны обыкновенной

The article deals with the stages of recreational digression of different biogeocenoses in the Shirokovsky district forestry of the National Park “Buzuluksky Bor” and the peculiarities of radial growth of the common pine as a dominant stand. The aim of the work was to analyze the comparative response of the common pine trees in the zone of active recreation and in undisturbed areas. The presence or absence of undergrowth, understorey, projective cover and dominance of indicator plants were noted. Sub-tree enumeration with averaged data was carried out on temporary sample plots. Using a Flir i7 thermal imager, the presence or absence and localization of stem and root rots of pine from sponges were determined. A decrease in the total projective cover of the living ground cover and the number of forest species was observed, with an increase in the number of cereal species as recreational digression increased. As recreation intensifies, undergrowth and understorey disappears. It was noted that with increasing stages of digression the monotony of undergrowth species composition appears, the density and height of forest litter decreases, the number of trees infected with rots and infested with stem pests (black pine moustache, pine bark beetles, six-toothed bark beetle, apex bark beetle) increases. Changes in all components of biogeocenosis lead to loss of stability of forest phytocenosis as a whole. Even a simple stay of a large number of people in the forest leads to degradation of plant communities.

The impact of recreational activities on the current state of the state landscape reserve «Baydarsky», Mountain Crimea, Ukraine

Ukraine is taking measures to continue monitoring of the natural environment in the temporarily occupied territory of Crimea. In particular, natural territories and objects subject to special protection, the state of the natural environment, and recording the facts of environmental offenses and crimes are carried out. The issue of the current state of the objects of the nature reserve fund of the Crimea in the conditions of unregulated recreation has not been investigated. We chose a tract the «Bizyuk» of the state landscape reserve «Baydarsky» as an object of research. The state landscape reserve is located on the southwestern north of the macroslope of the Crimean Mountains (height 200–900 m) on the territory of the Sokolinsky, Kuibyshivskyi, Chornorichenskyi, Orlynivskyi and Ternivskyi forest divisions within the Baydar Valley. The purpose of the study was to analyse the ecological, phytocenotic and spatial features of recreational changes in the tract «Bizyuk» of the reserve «Baydarsky». The ecological profile was carried out according to the gradient of the intensity of the recreational load from three experimental plots (EP1 – intensive; EP2 – medium; EP3 – moderate as a control; areas without violations were not detected) in accordance with the principles of ecosystem, comparative analyzes and forestry methods in the last decade of June 2021. Forestry taxation, sanitary and vitality structures of the tree stand were studied. Biomorphological and ecomorphic structure of the herbaceous layer were studied too. The stages of recreational transformation of the soil surface were determined. It was established that changes in the ecological conditions of the «Bizyuk» tract were caused by unregulated recreational activities. The main consequences of recreational activities were the change in the hydrological regime of the soil due to the trampling of the litter and herbaceous layer, clogging, mechanical damage to tree trunks, stripping and trimming of the bark, woodfires, collecting plants, which led to a significant weakening of the stands (III category of state). The state of the soil surface changed along the gradient of recreational transformation from the 1st stage of digression (zone of moderate recreational activities) to the 4th stage of digression of the soil surface (zone of intensive recreational activities). A change in the species composition of the herbaceous cover was recorded. Adventitious, ruderal plants were widespread in all zones of the tract, but most in the zone of intensive recreational transformation. The max share of perennial plants was established in the zone of moderate recreational transformation, the min – in the zone of intensive recreational transformation. Rosetteless herbaceous plants and plants without specialized modifications of underground shoots were predominated. Hemicryptophytes and phanerophytes were dominated. The proportion of therophytes and chamephytes did not correlate with the level of recreational activities. Forest and ruderal plants in various proportions were dominated in all zones. It has been proven that the ecomorphic composition of the herbaceous cover also reflects recreational transformation in the tract. Hydromesophytes and mesophytes were prevailed among hydromorphs. The phytocoenotic contribution of mesophytes was increased in the most transformation plots. Hemistenotopic and hemieurytopic subacidophilous plants were dominated. The share of hemiaerophobes gradually was decreased along the transformation gradient. The intense recreational impact was caused a certain nitrification of ecotopes (distribution by nitromorphs).

Landscape Planning Organisation of the “Severny Les” Park of Voronezh

The relevance of the topic is due to the growth of urban agglomerations, resulting in the problem of preserving natural objects that perform important environmental, aesthetic, recreational functions. One of such objects is the “Severny Les” park, created in 2014, which has been chosen as the subject for the study. The park is located in the Kominternovsky district of Voronezh, its area is 51.57 hectares. The park has the status of a nature park, its territories (together with water areas) include natural complexes and objects of significant ecological and aesthetic value and intended for use in environmental protection, educational and recreational purposes. The main purpose of the study was to determine the recreational value of the park. In the work, recreational and sanitary-hygienic assessments were carried out, the stages of digression and the plantations’ stability classes were determined. The description of tree and shrub vegetation was given together with the identification of its condition. Based on the object’s complex assessment, functional zoning was developed, which made it possible to identify the problems of the territory, reveal its potential, and carry out basic transformations. A range of plants for the park’s landscaping was recommended, taking into account age and seasonal variability, decorativeness, resistance to the park’s conditions and anthropogenic stress.

Динамика радиальных приростов лиственницы европейской (Larix decidua Mill.) в условиях антропогенной нагрузки

The results of a dendrochronological analysis of the European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) forest plantations growth in the zone of influence of motor transport pollution in the territory near the Moscow Ring Road at a distance of 8 and 18 m from the roadbed and in a recreational plantation in the third stage of digression are presented. The influence of these factors at the age of European larch from 5 to 65 years was revealed. It has been established that in plantations near the Moscow Ring Road, the annual radial growth of European larch wood is on average 45 %, in a plantation with a recreational load it makes up 62 % of the increase in the control plot, remote from highways and settlements. Differences in annual increments are statistically significant throughout the entire observation period. The average long-term growth of wood at a distance of 8 m from the Moscow Ring Road is 34 % lower than at a distance of 18 m. With an increase in the distance from the roadbed by 1 m, the annual growth of wood increases by 0,2 mm. In forest plantations of European larch, growths of early wood predominate: in areas near the Moscow Ring Road — an average of 68 % of the annual growth, in a plantation with a recreational load — 63 %, in the control plot — only 49 %.

The current state of plant communities of landscape-ecological profile Chu-Ili Mountains - Taukum sand desert

main reason for the decrease in the productivity of pastures, which provide about half of pasture forages, is their irrational use and overgrazing. The composition and structure of plant communities of different habitats differ markedly, which determines their response to anthropogenic impact and various consequences of pasture load. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of vegetation and identify trends in land degradation for further development of the basis for sustainable management of pasture resources. The article deals with the main patterns of vegetation distribution on the landscape-ecological profile, which covers the eastern spurs of the Chu-Ili Mountains, the sand desert Taukum and the Bozoi plateau located between them. The territory has not been covered by geobotanical studies for a long time and there is no up-to-date data on the state of vegetation. According to the results of our study, the consequences of anthropogenic influence on the composition and structure of plant communities associated with landscape formations of various genesis are described. The series of digression of zonal plant communities under the influence of grazing have been revealed, which differ in different segments of the profile depending on soil conditions. The final stages of digression are completed by the catacenosis of the annual saltwort Ceratocarpus arenarius and sparse communities of perennial herb Peganum harmala in the low-mountain and foothill sections of the profile; in the Taukum desert - by communities of wormwood (Artemisia scoparia).

Assessment of Changes in the Biological Activity of Mountain Meadow-Steppe Soils of Pastures of Different Stages of Digression in the Central Caucasus

The indicators of biological activity (humus content and reserves, microbial biomass carbon content and reserves, activity of hydrolase and oxidoreductase class enzymes) in the upper horizons (0–10 cm) of mountain meadow-steppe soils of the Central Caucasus (Kabardino-Balkaria) were determined at different stages of pasture digression (D1, D2, D3). It was found that the values of controlled soil parameters in conditions of weakly (D1) and moderately disturbed (D2) meadow phytocenoses did not significantly differ (t 1.97; P 0.05). Statistically significant decreases (t 2.95; P 0.05) in biological parameters were revealed in soils of severely disturbed meadow steppes (D3) compared with less damaged meadows (D1 and D2). Based on the totality of the studied indicators of biological activity, an integral indicator of the ecological and biological state of soils (IIEBSS) is calculated, reflecting the overall level of biological activity of the studied soils at different stages of digression of meadow-steppe communities. There was a decrease in the IIEBSS of moderately grazed (D2) and overgrazed (D3) meadows relative to the values of the conditional standard (D1) by 11and 45%, respectively. The obtained results of the biological state of mountain meadow-steppe soils are used for monitoring studies aimed at assessing the degree of change in the soil and vegetation cover of mountain pasture ecosystems.

Дигрессия напочвенного покрова растительных сообществ рекреационных стоянок на территории национального парка «Валдайский»

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of recreational pressure on the ground cover of forest communities in the Valday National Park. The comparison of trial plots with different degrees of recreational pressure in terms of species composition, abundance of species and the ratio of ecological cenotic groups of plants is given. The bioindicator species of recreational digression were identified in the studied areas. The most resistant species of herbaceous plants (anthropotollerants) (Plantago major L., Poa annua L.) were identified on the taste areas. The stages of recreational digression on the tasted areas were determined. The main factors of anthropogenic impact оn the ground cover are presented. The dependence of the species composition of the ground cover on the сrown density was identified. The options of conservation of the ground cover were suggested. The recommendations for the restoration of plant communities of recreational areas with a high stage of digression were given.

Assessment of Pinus sylvestris L. forests state near Krasnoyarsk (case study of the Karaul'noe forestry)

The research was conducted in Pinus sylvestris L. stands near Krasnoyarsk (subtaiga zone). The aim of the study is to assess the current state of recreational pine forests. Research methods included detailed forest pathological examination on six research plots, assessment of recreational disturbance (digression stage) by the transect method, integral assessment of forest health, graphical and correlation analysis. Recreational disturbance of the studied pine forests corresponds to I-IV stages of digression. From 1 to 40% of ground on the research plots has been trampled down. The vitality spectra of forest stands are characterized by right-sided asymmetry; the proportion of weakened trees is high in severely disturbed pine stands. With an increase in the recreational stress, the state of pine forests worsens significantly, and the proportion of dead trees increases. The absence of a significant relationship between the average health index and the stock of dead wood indicates that trees mortality cannot be used as an indicator when assessing the current state of recreational pine forests, which is explained by wood debris removal. The relative growing stock of healthy trees (with no signs of weakening), however, is an informative indicator.

Synecology diagnostics methodology transformations of the structural and functional organization forest ecosystems

The main directions of development of biotic diagnostics of disruption of forest ecosystems with modern methodical approaches to assessing their condition according to selection criteria are considered. The issue of indicating the state of the forest ecosystem by the structural parameters of biocomponents occupies an important position among a number of ecological and biological studies. It was established according to an analytical review of the literature. To solve the existing methodological problems of biodiagnosis of anthropogenic transformation of forest ecosystems, it is necessary to evaluate the current state, the mechanisms of their change, which are caused by environmental threats, according to various criteria, and bioindication should be carried out according to ecosystem indicators. Informative diagnostic signs of recreational disturbance of forests of various categories of functional purpose in the initial stages changes are biomorphological, ecomorphic, systematic structures of the grass layer, ecological strategies and ecological valences of species, diversity indices. From the III stage of digression, the tree stand (sanitary, vital structures, taxation indicators) and the soil surface (distribution by status categories) reveal the indicator signs. Violation of recreational and health forests and park plantations in city conditions is manifested by an increase in the contribution of evrybiont species according to edaphic factors, therophytes and species with a primary and secondary strategy, which have the R-sign, a higher index of adventitization of flora (over 20%). To diagnose the consequences of water erosion of soil in mountain systems (Carpathians, Crimea), it is advisable to use the characteristics of different layers of the tree stand and grass layer at all stages of soil erosion digression. Representatives of Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Asteraceae with dominance of cryptophytes and therophytes, species with CSR- and R-type strategies are representative. Indicative signs are the ratio of rhizome species to species without formations, as well as species with a creeping aerial shoot to a rosetteless type of shoot. On the gradient of increasing water-erosive transformation of the ecosystem, diagnostic indicators of the structure of ecomorphs are the edaphic factor of humidity and salt regime of the soil, but only by the change in the share of the herbaceous fractions of stenobiont and evrybiont species. Diagnostic signs of moderate and intensive soil erosion degradation are changes in the values ​​of diversity and dominance indices.

ПОСЛЕПОЖАРНОЕ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПОКРОВА СЕВЕРНОЙ ЧАСТИ ПРИМОРСКОГО ХРЕБТА

Due to global climate change, adverse weather events such as droughts are occurring more frequently, causing an increase both in the area and number of fires. In June-September 2015, catastrophic fires took place in the Western Baikal region, which was preceded by years with long periods of extreme fire danger due to weather conditions. As a result, natural complexes on the areas of the forest fund as well as in specially protected natural areas – Pribaikalsky National Park and Baikal-Lensky Reserve, were subjected to pyrogenic effects. There were mainly intense surface, stable surface, and ground (soil) fires. Field studies were carried out in the central part of the Western Cisbaikalia in July 2020 to examine the restoration of the plant component of natural complexes on five-year-old burned areas. The research route was laid across the Primorsky Range in its northern part. The paper provides descriptions of vegetation restoration on the burned areas depending on the intensity and type of fire, the stages of digression and demutation, presents characteristics of the vegetation before the fire. The relationship between vegetation and underlying rocks is analyzed. Mountain taiga light coniferous forests with Lédum palústre were found to be associated with outcrops of acidic crystalline rocks. There was noted correlation between the Pinus pumila communities with Pinus sylvestris sparse areas (which have a limited distribution area) and illuvial-ferruginous soils on quartzite-like sandstones. The research results are presented on the profile. In modern conditions of changing climate, there is an increasing need to study the restoration dynamics of the geosystems of the Baikal natural territory and their components in order to ensure their preservation.

Influence estimation of recreation pressure on the forest trail "Buchyna" NNP "Skolivski Beskydy"

Complex studies of the impact of recreational pressure on the forest trail "Buchina" of NNP "Skolivski Beskydy" were carried out. It was found that the air microclimatic parameters across the all transects were shown to fluctuate. The air temperature was stable, as well as the humidity changed very slightly. The wind force gradually decreased from the middle of the forest trail to the margins. The difference in the illumination of the soil surface on the trail and adjacent areas is the most noticeable. The impact of recreational activities on the microclimatic parameters of soils is more significant than this in the air. The temperature and humidity of the soil was decreased and the density of the structure was increased towards the center of the trail. Changes in water-physical parameters of soils let us identify the initial stages of digression in the studied recreational-pressed forest ecosystems. Brioindication studies have shown that the forest area on both sides of the route, which does not experience recreational pressure, is characterized by extremely weak development of moss cover. It was represented by 5 species of mosses such as Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum formosum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Eurhynchium angustirete and E. striatum. Those species were represented by toll turf, dendroides and rough carpet growth forms. Species diversity at the trail edges were doubled. There were founded 10 spesies of bryobionta: A. undulatum, P. formosum, Plagiomnium cuspidatum, P. ellipticum, P. undulatum, E. angustirete, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Thuidium delicatulum, T. tamariscinum, Calliergonella cuspidatа, were represented by toll turf, dendroides, rough mats and weft growth forms. In the zone of intensive trampling on the forest trail, the moss cover was completely absent. Bryophytes, which were recorded in trail margins, marked the initial stages of recreational digression (I-II) and were belonging to the group of sensitive forest species. The strongest pressure was recorded on the central part of the forest trail. However, the density of the soil structure, even in this area, didn't overtop the indicator rate for the category of "very loose soils". Our study suggests that the organization of recreational activities for the planning of permanent tourist routes (so-called "ecological trails'') in the areas of spruce-beech forests haven't cause extremely pressure on the park ecosystems (equally for soil and vegetation cover) in NNP "Skolivski Beskydy". As a preventive measure, we recommend regulating the number of visitors to reduce the mechanical trampling on the forest trails and the arrangement of different fences, decks, etc.

Сравнительная оценка экологического состояния лесопарковых зон Тимирязевского района города Москвы

The article presents the results of a comparative environmental assessment of the quality of the environment in the central and outlying zones of two forest parks, contrasting in area, types and magnitude of anthropogenic load, - the Experimental Forest Station and the Dubki Culture and Recreation Park, located in the Timiryazevsky district of Moscow. The quality of the environment in the undisturbed forest biocenosis in the center of the Experimental Forest Station corresponded to the quality of the environment in the rural areas of the Moscow Region, while the environmental situation in the outlying zones of both forest parks bordering various urban infrastructure facilities deviated to varying degrees from the conditional norm. The worst indicators of the environmental quality and forest stand conditions were noted in the recreational zones located at the III-IV stage of digression, as well as in the zones bordering the roads, within which the degree of fluctuating asymmetry of birch leaves was suspended and the cellulolytic activity of the soil was 1.5-2.5 times lower than the background. The combination of recreational and transport loads reduced the quality of the environment in the Dubki park to a critical level. Keywords: CITY FOREST, BORDERLAND, ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD, POLLUTION, RECREATION, DEGRADATION, FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY, CELLULOLYTIC ACTIVITY, APPLICATION METHOD, AIRBORNE POLLUTION, SNOW COVER

Study of the degradation level influence of coastal zones on the water trophicity in lakes Turgoyak and Uvildy, Chelyabinsk region (Russia)

The man-made impact on hydro-ecological state of water-bodies affects every stage of water ecosystem formation. Such a load has certain patterns of spatial formation distribution of coastal geosystems with different stages of digression as a result of direct recreational impact on hydrological natural monuments Southern Urals - Lake Turgoyak and Lake Uvildy. The current paper researches a degradation level of the coastal zones of the Lakes Turgoyak and Uvildy (Russia). To prepare for measurements and measure recreational load, the methods of trial areas, transect, mathematical-statistical and registration-measuring methods were used. The level of digression at the test site was determined by an integral generalized assessment of fifteen characteristic criteria for anthropogenic transformation of geosystems on a five-point scale. The trophic status of the studied areas of the lakes was determined by the Carlson Trophic State Index (TSI). Determined that, landscape and recreational zones with various degrees of digression were formed around the lakes under the influence of dispersed recreational load. On the territory of camping sites located no further than 30-50 m from the water-bodies, the 4th-5th stage of recreational digression prevails. At a distance of 50-200 m from the lakes, there is a 2-3 stage of digression. At a distance of up to 100-150 m – the 3rd stage, and from 150 m – the 1-2 stage. Within recreation centers, spatial differences in recreational digression are expressed slightly, and geosystems are more often characterized by a 3-5 stage of digression. It is established that the littoral zooplankton is more diversity in those parts of the lake water area where there are optimal conditions for its development, the lowest recreational load and the lowest degree of digression.

The recreational and economic role of the suburban landscaped territories in Voronezh

The applicability of the topic is conditioned by the increase the share of the recreational forests and the development of the urban agglomeration. The purpose of the study was to determine the recreational capacity of natural green areas, followed by an ecological and economic assessment. In the work, recreational and sanitary-hygienic assessments were carried out, the stages of digression, the classes of stability of plantings were determined, followed by an ecological and economic assessment of suburban green areas. The weighted average value of the ecological recreational capacity is determined. In plantations with a predominance of oak or pine in the existing types of forest growing conditions, the specific value of the ecological recreational capacity is the same, therefore, approaches to the development of these forests may be the same. To assess the ecological potential of plantings, the content of carbon, absorbed carbon dioxide, and oxygen released by them were calculated. The results of the calculations show that the maximum amount of C2 is observed in mixed stands with a predominance of oak, the minimum-in pure pine stands. Obtained results of the investigation let to realize the forest planning, taking into consideration the results of the eco-economic estimate.

Оценка рекреационной устойчивости почвенного покрова охотничьих заказников Удмуртской Республики

The article describes a system of indicators for assessing the recreational stability of the soil cover on the example of hunting reserves of the Udmurt Republic. Certain indicators of the soil cover serve as an indicator of the degree of recreational digression of territories. For different stages of digression, a different ratio of agrochemical and physical indicators of the state of the soil cover is indicative. A formalized assessment of the recreational stability of the soil cover was made using mathematical modeling methods. The territories with medium and low recreational stability of the soil cover were identified. The data obtained as a result of the research can be used in the design and reconstruction of recreational areas. Keywords: RECREATIONAL STABILITY, SOIL COVER, HUNTING RESERVES, SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS

СТОКОРЕГУЛИРУЮЩАЯ И ПРОТИВОЭРОЗИОННАЯ РОЛЬ ЛЕСНЫХ НАСАЖДЕНИЙ НА БЕРЕГАХ БАЛОЧНЫХ ПРУДОВ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫХ ДЛЯ ОТДЫХА

Purpose: to study the impact of recreational digression on water protection functions of forest plantations located on the banks of gully ponds. Methods: laying of temporary test plots, artificial sprinkling of soils, analysis of soil samples. Results. Indicative signs of five stages of recreational digression of forest plantations (fourth-fifth age class) have been clarified. The first stage corresponds to the air-dry weight of the forest litter ≥ 12 t/ha, the density of the upper layer of thin soddy soils ≤ 1.3 g/cm³, porosity ≥ 47.9 %. The second stage corresponds to the mass of forest litter 5.6 t/ha, density 1.58 g/cm³ and porosity 37.4 %; the third stage – 1.9 t/ha, 1.75 g/cm³ and 31.26 % respectively, the fourth and fifth stages – no litter, density – 1.87 and 1.96 g/cm³, respectively, porosity – 26.9 and 23.5 %. Constraint equations (polynomials of the second – fourth orders and logarithmic) of the runoff coefficients and flow modules of suspended sediments for the rainfall period with the top soil density, porosity and humus content are obtained. Storm runoff is formed during recreational compaction of top soil ≥ 1.67 g/cm³, top soil porosity ˂ 34 %, humus content ˂ 6.4 %. During recreation, erosion under the forest canopy does not manifest itself when the bulk density of top soil is 1.75 g/cm³, the porosity is > 29.5 %, and the humus content is > 5 %. Conclusions. In the course of study, it was found that forest plantations performing water protection functions degrade under recreational loads. As a result of study, experimental dependences reflecting the patterns of degradation of the considered forest plantations and their influence on water conservation functions, depending on the stage of digression were obtained.

ЛАНДШАФТНО-ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ МОНИТОРИНГ ПРИРОДНОГО ПАРКА «АРЕЙ»

The development of domestic tourism in the eastern regions of the Russian Federation is based on visiting the most popular places of recreation: beautiful landscapes, rivers and lakes, mineral springs, including in protected natural areas (PNA). Increased mobility of the population leads to increased recreational flows, and as a result, a multiple increase in recreational loads on natural objects and landscapes of protected areas. The potential for long-term sustainable use of such territories should be regularly assessed. The purpose of the study is to assess the recreational impact on natural complexes and develop recommendations for reducing the anthropogenic load in the Park «Arey» in the Transbaikal territory. In September 2019, diagnostic studies of the state of the recreation area of the Park were conducted, which included landscape studies at key sites . The works were carried out using the route-reconnaissance method. The key sites were selected based on the types of natural and territorial complexes that lead to the lake shore. To assess the degradation of biocomplexes in key areas, we determined the terrain features, the stage of recreational forest degradation, and the floral composition. According to expert estimates, an average of 30 thousand people visit the Park annually, mainly in the period from June to September. The season of intensive recreational activity is short — 45–50 days. The maximum load is observed from 5 to 25 July. The Park was created in 2013. The Directorate of the Park «Arey» partially improved the recreational area and restricted vehicle access to the Northern shore of the lake and to the coastal zone. This generally had a positive impact on the landscape and aesthetic condition of the territory, it was noted: 1) reduction of the number of campfires on the entire coast; 2) reduction of the number of felled and damaged trees; 3) overgrowing of clearings with the growth of trees and shrubs, outside the places of concentration of recreants. At the same time, the most vulnerable and affected areas of the coast were identified. The most noticeable deterioration of ecosystems is in the southern and south-western sections of the recreational zone. The territory is characterized by the V stage of forest digression; the territories of the «Kristall base» are at the IV stage of digression, and the rest of the coast is characterized mainly by the III stage. In General, the recreational use of the southern coast of lake Ares exceeds the potential for restoration of natural complexes, where not only the vegetation cover, but also the soil has undergone significant changes. Here you can expect rapid degradation and death of woody vegetation, which will lead to increased erosion of sandy soils and change the overall appearance of the landscape. It is necessary to note the problem for the territory of the Park — the state of the territories where recreation centers and campsites are located does not meet sanitary standards Based on the results obtained, recommendations were developed to reduce the degree of anthropogenic impact on natural complexes. It is necessary to make a number of management and planning decisions: the formation of a road and path network, the concentration of visitors in equipped places, the organization of attendance records, and the updating of sanitary and hygienic infrastructure. The combined development of recreational and environmental activities is a key element in the organization of the Park. The condition for achieving both goals will be to improve the infrastructure of the recreational area

АРХИТЕКТУРНО-ПЛАНИРОВОЧНОЕ РЕШЕНИЕ ОБЪЕКТОВ ОГРАНИЧЕННОГО ПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

Green spaces in cities perform many different useful functions: noise-proof, dust-absorbing, have an impact on the processes of insolation, they enrich the air with phytoncides, and also play a huge aesthetic role, which has a beneficial effect on the psychological state of people.
 In matters of planning and improvement of various objects, much attention is paid to landscaping. Green spaces can be used in planning and architectural solutions. Therefore, it is necessary to take a more careful approach to gardening and landscaping. This is especially true for objects where children are staying for a long time. This object is the Palace of creativity of children and youth of the city of Voronezh, the territory of which served for research. Such objects must be maintained in an appropriate sanitary and aesthetic condition, which will improve the quality of perception of the territory. Unsettled areas of institutions have a negative impact on the mood and General well-being of children and their parents, and may also contain a potential danger to the person at the time of stay. In particular, the unsatisfactory condition of plantings, roads, and small architectural forms is dangerous.
 Therefore, it is necessary to assess the state of the territory and recommend measures for landscaping and improvement, taking into account the requirements, as well as to develop an architectural and planning solution. As a result, a landscape and environmental assessment was performed, which consists in determining the type of spatial structure, assessing the state of plantings, aesthetic and sanitary assessments, the stage of digression, and recreational capacity. Based on the results of the study, functional zoning was developed. The balance of the territory was determined and it was found that the percentage of greenery does not meet the required standards. The condition of the plantings on the site was assessed as satisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to Supplement the number of plantings with the most stable types of tree and shrub vegetation, taking into account their decorative and aesthetic value. It is necessary to properly carry out the improvement of the object, to develop an architectural and planning composition of the territory of the Palace of creativity of children and youth.

РЕКРЕАЦИОННЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СОМОВСКОГО ЛЕСНИЧЕСТВА ВОРОНЕЖСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЕГО РАЗВИТИЯ

Recreational use of forest resources is the most important for urban green forests. Every year the problem of satisfying the population growing needs for recreation in the forest, while ensuring its preservation, acquires special relevance. The main function of Somovskoe Forestry (Voronezh region) is environmental protection, which includes the implementation of protective, water conservation, and recreational functions. Grass pine forests are the most comfortable for vacationers in Somovskoe forestry. In the study, the recreational potential of the Somovskoe Forestry (Voronezh region) has been estimated based on the methods of various authors, types of landscapes, types and forms of recreation, stages of digression, planning and aesthetic value. It has been revealed that most of the plantations are occupied with a closed type of l of horizontal closeness. The predominant class of aesthetic evaluation of the examined stands is II. The largest area is occupied by the strata with III and IV stage of digression. The main types of recreation in the stands of Somovskoe forestry are everyday and camping ones. The main forms are off-road and road ones. The predominant class of aesthetic assessment is II (65% ± 3.2). It is a plantation with reduced visibility and patency. The recreational potential of the studied artificial pine plantations is not higher than class II. Recommendations on regulating the movement of vacationers with the goal of hindering the "development" of the entire forest area, the development of measures to improve the culture and discipline of recreants, to increase the sustainability and productivity of plantations have been given on the basis of research results.

Assessment of recreational forests by stages of recreational digression

The paper suggests standards of maximum permissible recreational loads specified for republics and regions of the Middle Volga region, characterized by specific forest-growing conditions according to dominant rocks and age groups. The sequence of determining the stages of digression is corrected through the attendance of recreational facilities and the critical number of visitors according to the given model. Based on actual recreational accounting it is possible to model factors to adjust the recreational capacity of the forest area to critical number of visitors. The study of forest areas for mass recreation is based on the method of recreational load evaluation. The use of refined standards of maximum permissible recreational loads will allow considering the peculiarities of recreational forest exploitation for the zone of southern taiga and coniferous-broadleaf forests.