Full Development Stage Research Articles

La terapia Gestalt: una alternativa de atención psicológica a niños desplazados de Guerrero, México

Forced internal displacement is a phenomenon that has occurred throughout history in various countries and affects the victims who experience it in all areas of their lives. In this regard, for the child population, this phenomenon has had a devastating impact, as childhood is a stage of full development, and children feel insecure in a frightening context where all their human rights were violated. The objective of the present study was to provide Gestalt therapy to children who are victims of forced internal displacement from Sierra de Guerrero. A qualitative approach was used, with a descriptive scope, a phenomenological design, and a cross-sectional cohort. The sample is represented by 23 minors from a community in the Sierra de Guerrero. The instruments used were the interview guide and the field diary, with data analyzed through open coding. The results show that the personal psychosocial effects found in the children were sadness and happiness due to their parents' fights; within the community effects, it was found that parents exhibited hypervigilance due to the stress of protecting their families. Regarding socioeconomic effects, it was found that men resorted to poppy cultivation as a subsistence economic activity. In this sense, it is concluded that Gestalt therapy used for group and individual intervention was effective in providing emotional release for the minors and a better way to cope with family conflicts and the social context.

Property of water-nanoparticle flow and heat transfer in the double-tube heat exchanger with nanofluid

The three-dimensional numerical simulation is conducted to study the impact of Al2O3/water nanofluid on the flow property and heat transfer of a counter flow double-tube heat exchanger where a laminar flow of cold water is in the outer tube, and in the inner tube there is a turbulent flow of hot nanofluid with particle volume concentrations ranging from 0.05% to 3%. The effects of temperature, flow rate, and particle volume concentration on the property of nanofluid flow and heat transfer are explored. The results show that the friction factor decreases with the increase of temperature and flow rate, and the pressure drop increases with increasing particle volume concentration. The temperature of the nanofluid at the outlet first decreases rapidly with time and then increases gradually to a stable value. Along the flow direction, the temperature of nanofluid decreases slowly at x/D < 10, and the axial temperature gradient increases at the full development stage. At a constant Reynolds number, the lower the temperature or the larger the particle volume concentration, the stronger the heat transfer. The local heat transfer coefficient on the wall of the inner tube decreases rapidly after reaching the peak x/D = 2.3, and then increases slowly until the outlet. The particle number density decreases sharply at x/D < 5, and then slowly decreases, while the change of the geometric mean diameter of particles is just the opposite. Increasing the flow rate or the temperature will strengthen particle coagulation, resulting in the decrease of particle number density and the increase of geometric mean diameter of particles.

Spanwise phase transition between pure modes A and B in a circular cylinder’s wake. Part II: spatiotemporal evolution of vorticity

Through direct numerical simulation, the transition from pure mode A to mode B in the near wake of a circular cylinder is studied without consideration of vortex dislocations. The Reynolds number is calculated from 100 to 330 with a computational spanwise length of 4 diameters. In the present section, the spatiotemporal evolution of the vorticity and its sign are analyzed. The results show that mode B, as a kind of weak disturbed vorticity with opposite signs, actually appears partially on the rear surface of the cylinder and in the shear layers once Re exceeds 193. With increasing , the vortex-shedding patterns in the near wake undergo the initial generation stage of mode B coupling with the fully developed pure mode A (), the mode swapping or coexistence stage between modes A and B (), the self-adjustment stage of the nondimensional spanwise wavelength from 0.8 to 1 in dominant mode B (), and the full development stage of mode B (). In particular, the spanwise phase transition initially occurs at a certain spanwise position in the initial generation stage where a part of mode A and a part of mode B with specific vorticity signs appear, e.g. the vortex in mode A and the vortex in mode B, in which and vortices are vortices with three vorticity components satisfying the vorticity sign law and shed from the upper and lower shear layers, respectively.

Nanosatellite Payload for Research on Seed Germination in a 3D Printed Micropot.

In this paper, an autonomous payload proposal for a nanosatellite mission allowing for the cultivation of grains in space was presented. For the first time, a micropot made with 3D printing technology, enabling the parametric determination of plant growth, both on Earth and in the simulated microgravity condition, was presented. A completed system for dosing the nutrient solution and observing the growth of a single grain, where the whole size did not exceed 70 × 50 × 40 mm3, was shown. The cultivation of Lepidium sativum seeds was carried out in the developed system, in terrestrial conditions and simulated microgravity conditions, using the RPM (Random Position Machine) device. The differences in plant growth depending on the environment were observed. It could be seen that the grains grown in simulated microgravity took longer to reach the full development stage of the plant. At the same time, fewer grains reached this stage and only remained at the earlier stages of growth. The conducted research allowed for the presentation of the payload concept for a 3U CubeSat satellite for research into the development of plants in space.

Bayesian and influence function-based empirical likelihoods for inference of sensitivity to the early diseased stage in diagnostic tests.

In practice, a disease process might involve three ordinal diagnostic stages: the normal healthy stage, the early stage of the disease, and the stage of full development of the disease. Early detection is critical for some diseases since it often means an optimal time window for therapeutic treatments of the diseases. In this study, we propose a new influence function-based empirical likelihood method and Bayesian empirical likelihood methods to construct confidence/credible intervals for the sensitivity of a test to patients in the early diseased stage given a specificity and a sensitivity of the test to patients in the fully diseased stage. Numerical studies are performed to compare the finite sample performances of the proposed approaches with existing methods. The proposed methods are shown to outperform existing methods in terms of coverage probability. A real dataset from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ANDI) is used to illustrate the proposedmethods.

An Essay on Liberty, Freedom and (Decent) Work

The essay seeks to frame the issue of Decent Work for All by means of Hannah Arendt’s conception of freedom and liberty. In Arendt’s view, liberty was the proper rationale for early labour legislation, which purported to liberate the individual from the chattels of slavery and exploitation by preserving the voluntary nature of the agreement to provide labour. In the stage of full development of labour law, a primary need in both Liberal Market Economies (such as the US) and Social Market Economies (such as Germany) was to strike a difficult but necessary balance between the employer’s liberty to conduct the business and the workers’ collective freedom. With the promotion of Decent Work, as a broad guideline for policymakers and not a binding regulation of any kind, labour law is reconsidering its focus on the person, with the aim of granting individuals the possibility to achieve their (neo)liberation from basic economic needs, as well as from the domination of others. Once liberated from those two constraints, individuals are in a position to effectively aspire to the collective dimension of freedom, which, in Arendt’s terms, consists of the possibility of the individual to contribute on an equal footing to societal development. Liberty, Freedom, Decent Work, Neo-Liberation

Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Transformer Oil Pool Fire with Different Scales

To study the combustion characteristics of transformer oil pool fire with different sizes, transformer oil pool fire experiments with diameters of 40cm, 50cm, and 60cm are carried out to analyze the evolution laws of flame height, fire plume temperature, and oil temperature of oil pool fire with different diameters. The results show that the ignition process of the transformer oil pool can be divided into three typical stages: initial growth stage, full development stage, and extinguished stage. According to the characteristics of combustion rate and flame height, the full development stage is subdivided into the stable combustion stage and boiling combustion stage. The flame height of the boiling combustion stage is about 1.1 times higher than that of the stable combustion stage. With the increase of diameter, the range of intermittent flame area of oil pool fire with three diameters increases by 1.2 times. The heat transfer analysis of the full development stage shows that the oil temperature presents the phenomenon of temperature stratification. There is a boiling layer below the liquid level. Its temperature is about 330 °C and its thickness is about 2.3 mm. The oil temperature under the boiling layer decreases in a gradient, and the boiling layer thickness and temperature have no significant correlation with the oil pool diameter.

Self-development of the poetics of Ukrainian Cossack fantasy: Oleksa Storozhenko’s novel “Marko Prokliatyi” &amp; Leonid Kononovych’s novel “Chyhyrynskyi sotnyk”

Introduction. The article is devoted to the results of the research of self-development of the poetics of the Cossack Ukrainian fantasy on the example of Oleksa Storozhenko's novel "Marko Prokliatyi" and Leonid Kononovych's novel "Chyhyrynskyi sotnyk". The purpose of the article is to analyze the natural development of the poetics of Ukrainian Cossack fantasy on the example of Oleksa Storozhen's novel "Marko Prokliatyi" and Leonid Kononovych's "Chyhyrynskyi sotnyk". Materials and methods of research. While working on the article, the author used materials devoted to the following main areas: mythopoetic genesis of Cossack fantasy; history of Ukrainian literature; Cossack fantasy in literary-critical discourse; Ukrainian romanticism; historical figures as prototypes of fantasy characters; fantasy as an artistic phenomenon. The article uses a comparative research method. Results of the research. The author of the scientific research pointed out the main reasons for the writers' appeal to the Cossack entourage and folklore sources as a means of building the literary world - romanticism and national identity. Romanticism laid great potential for the formation of Cossack fantasy and at the same time led to its misunderstanding, both by literary critics and writers themselves, regardless of the time of writing. For example: "Marko Prokliatyi" is perceived as a belated romantic work with critics' reluctance to see "another" Ukraine in the work, and "Chyhyrynskyi sotnyk" is perceived as a knightly novel with a skeptical and even contemptuous attitude of reviewers to the Cossack fantasy genre. Conclusions. The genre of Cossack fantasy is at the stage of full development and the process of separation from Ukrainian romanticism. Oleksa Storozhenko's novel "Marko Prokliatyi" and Leonid Kononovych's "Chyhyrynskyi sotnyk" are vivid examples of the self-movement of poetics of this genre, namely from the parallel functioning of historical authenticity with the unreal to complete sublimation.

Uncertainty assessment of water resources and long-term hydropower generation using a large ensemble of future climate projections for the Nam Ngum River in the Mekong Basin

Study regionThe Nam Ngum River Basin, the major tributary of the Mekong River, is located in the Laos PDR. Study focusThis study aims to assess the sensitivity of Nam Ngum 1 reservoir operation to water resource uncertainty driven by a combination of climate change and upstream cascade dam development. New hydrological insights for the regionPrecipitation projections of the basin under a 4° increase scenario vary in the range of −9.6 % to +6.9 %, compared to the historical observed precipitation (present climate). The impact of climate change on hydropower resources was investigated. Based on the combined effect of climate change and upstream cascade dam development, the projected inflow of the Nam Ngum 1 reservoir at the full development stage will change from −16.0 % to +6.5 %, which results in a large range of annual energy production changes from −18.8 % to +2.8 % compared to the current condition (present climate and existing dam stage). Furthermore, water losses from the reservoir due to water discharge from the spillway for extreme floods and evaporation are expected to increase with increasing temperature, which will lead to a loss in energy production. Our study indicates that the operation of hydropower should be adapted to the effects of climate change. This information can be used by stakeholders to propose water resource management strategies.

The Assessment of the Usefulness of Miscanthus x giganteus to Water and Soil Protection against Erosive Degradation

Water erosion is one of the major factors of soil degradation in the world. Various methods have been developed to prevent soil erosion. One of them is the use of anti-erosion belts on slopes, but it has both positive and negative effects. In order to minimize the negative effects, this study proposes the use of perennial grass in place of the most commonly used trees and shrubs. The paper presents studies on the erosion control effectiveness of a strip planted with Miscanthus x giganteus, established on a loess slope. Surface runoff of water and its constituents and erosion damage was studied on the experimental plot with a separate anti-erosion belt and the control plot. Obtained results indicate the anti-erosion efficiency of the established strip in the context of soil protection from water erosion and surface water protection from pollution, although, in the first years of vegetation, miscanthus has not yet reached the stage of full development. The average surface water runoff relating to precipitation causing the erosive event was 17.1% higher in the control plot than in the experimental plot. The volume of erosion damage in the form of rill erosion was 89.3% higher in the control plot. On the other hand, the volume of erosion damages in surface erosion and patches of deposited silts was lower by 14.7% and 21.6%, respectively. Soil losses from the control plot were 29% higher than those from the experimental plot. Dissolved plant nutrient runoff was also higher from the control plot by: 33.4% N-Ntot, 31.3% N-NH4, 42.7% N-NO3, 21.6% N-NO2, 22.9% P-Ptot, 24.1% K.

Defining the Optimal Implementation Space of Environmental Regulation in China’s Export Trade

Properly designed environmental regulation policy is an important basis for the high-quality development of trade. Based on the Chinese industry-level panel data in the period 2003 to 2016, and considering the adaptability of environmental regulation and industrial development, our study employs a threshold regression model to reveal the impact of environmental regulation on China’s trade competitiveness. The empirical research of our study finds that the impact of environmental regulation and trade competitiveness of the manufacturing industry presents a U-shaped trend that first increases and then decreases. At present, there is a trend of gradually crossing the inflection point, and only after crossing the inflection point can the full development stage be entered; that is, the implementation intensity of environmental regulation needs to be coordinated with industrial development. Furthermore, the impact of environmental regulation on trade competitiveness has a special threshold. Only when the level of technological development or cost-bearing capacity exceeds a certain threshold can environmental regulation effectively promote trade competitiveness. Our study has profound policy implications. The Chinese government needs to combine the technological development level and cost-bearing capacity of subdivided industries to implement environmental regulation policies by classification, cultivate a good innovation environment, make full use of the innovation-stimulating effect of environmental regulation, establish a more perfect cost-sharing and production transfer exit mechanism, and improve the resource reallocation effect of environmental regulation.

Numerical study on the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of fin-and-tube surface with four round-convex strips around each tube

In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical investigation is performed for both heat transfer and pressure drop of a new kind of slit fin applied to heat exchangers in air compression industry by FLUENT. A comparison between this new slit fin and normal plain fin is made. It is found that the flow and heat transfer come into full development stage after 12 rows. The effects of seven different parameters on the fully developed heat transfer performance are examined and all the calculation results agree well with the field synergy principle.Among these parameters,reducing spanwise fin pitch has the largest performance improvement. The optimum values are found for the height of slit and the length of rear slit. The correlations for j and f factors are proposed, which take four and five dimensionless geometric parameters into consideration, respectively.

Experimental investigations on the effects of bottom ventilation on the fire behavior of natural rubber latex foam

Characteristics of easy ignition and high spreading risk make bedding materials extremely hazardous in an apartment fire. Typical bedding material, namely natural rubber (NR) latex foam with 6 mm diameter holes, was investigated experimentally in this study. Two ventilation conditions were considered: bottom ventilation (sample bottom was covered by stainless grid allowing air supply, denoted as BV); and normal ventilation (sample bottom was covered by insulation board avoiding air supply, represented by NV). The heat transfer process of the sample under the two ventilation conditions was then analyzed. It was known from experiment that samples under both ventilation conditions show three burning stages: initial growth, full development, and decaying. With sufficient oxygen supply, samples under BV conditions showed a higher hazard than those under NV conditions, companied with a longer time period of full development stage, bigger flame spread rate and bottom ignition. Flame spread rates at sample top were about 1.6 mm/s and 1.4 mm/s under BV and NV conditions, respectively. Only under BV conditions, sample bottom was ignited at about 157 s through one edge and also with some moving ignition points, while the maximum temperature rose to about 1200 K. However, maximum flame height under BV conditions showed a lower value than those under NV conditions, which is 0.51 m comparing to 0.59 m. The heat transfer mechanism of the sample was investigated, and the relationship of flame spread rate of the sample under both ventilation conditions is vp,BVvp,NV=1.34q̇f,BV″-σ(Tig4+T∞4)q̇f,NV″-σ(Tig4+T∞42).

English

This research investigated pseudobulb morphological development process of Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino by paraffin section and micro-observation combining morphological observation method, and analyzed correlation between pseudobulb morphogenesis and its part of biochemical compositions to provide clues for revealing the inhibition mechanism of germination of elder pseudobulbs by the newborn one. The results showed that pseudobulb morphogenesis of C. appendiculata can be divided into six stages: Leaf bud dormant stage, leaf bud sprouting stage, elongation growth stage of leaf bud and rhizomes, pseudobulb initial formation stage, pseudobulb swelling stage and pseudobulb full development stage. There was a close relationship between the changes of the soluble sugar and protein contents both in the newborn and elder pseudobulb development soluble sugar contents were the maximum in leaf bud dormant stage. And in annual, biennial and triennial pseudobulbs, soluble sugar contents were 23.94, 34.21 and 39.02 mg·g-1 respectively. However, soluble protein contents were the minimum in annual, biennial and triennial pseudobulbs, which were 1.30, 1.43 and 1.58 mg·g-1, respectively. With the leaf buds germinating, soluble sugar and protein contents were presenting the change trend of decline firstly, rising secondly, and then declining. Key words: Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino, pseudobulb, morphogenesis, biochemical component.

Vision Cloud: A Cloud Storage Solution Supporting Modern Media Production

This paper describes VISION Cloud, a European Commission Framework Project (EC FP VII) whose aim is to build innovative storage services for a number of key business cases. Among these, the media business case poses a number of challenges connected to the intrinsic characteristics of media assets such as huge dimension, rich metadata and time-critical workflows. As a result, there is a growing need for dedicated “media clouds.” The paper describes the requirements coming from this area, and illustrates the innovations and architectural approaches in the design of the VISION Cloud system. The VISION Cloud project is now in its full development stage, and it is expected that several of the developed technologies will prove to be crucial elements for future media storage systems. More information about the project timeline and deliverables can be found at www.visioncloud.eu.

SPRAY APPLICATIONS TO TOMATO PLANTS IN GREENHOUSES. PART 1: EFFECT OF WALKING DIRECTION

The present paper reports the results of some spray application trials carried out in two tomato greenhouses to assess foliar deposition, ground losses, and dermal operator exposure when using hand-held highpressure spray lances. Two operating ways (forward vs. backwards operator movement) and two different plant vegetative stages (pre-production vs. full development) were taken into consideration. An experimental design with one factor (the operator walking direction) was adopted, arranged according to a randomised block design with three replicates. Volume application rates were settled according to the plant development: 900 L/ha in pre-production stage and 1800 L/ha at full development stage. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the mean foliar deposition between the two walking directions in both development stages. The greatest differences among the sampling locations were observed in pre-production stage, when, due to the spraying technique (spray jet directed from top to bottom), the foliar deposits in the low part of the canopy were much lower than those in the middle and high part. Also ground losses were unaffected by walking direction: they ranged on average from 14.3% to 23.5% of the applied volume rate. Finally, the dermal operator exposure was greatly affected by walking direction: at full development stage, it was 8 times higher walking forward than walking backwards. So, this simple change in field practice can noticeably improve the operator safety, without penalising working capacity and quality of deposition.

The spread of the Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto in Europe: colonization patterns in the west of the Iberian Peninsula

Capsule The pattern and timing of spread are examined, particularly in Extremadura, and theories on speed and extent of spread and possible competition with related species are discussed. Aims To describe the present pattern of the spread of the Collared Dove in one of the few areas in Europe where the process is still active, in the light of the hypothesis of general expansion in Europe. Methods Information was obtained from field data collected in 1996–97 and from responses by local observers to a questionnaire. We recorded data on the presence in localities, numbers of birds, extent of colonization, date the first birds were sighted, and confirmed nesting. Results The first settlements in Extremadura were observed less than ten years ago. The timing indicates that the process of expansion in Extremadura is now at a stage of full development, enabling us to study the mechanism involved. The colonization shows a clear northwest–southeast direction to the interior from coastal areas of Iberia. The species first established itself in urban-areas, from which it slowly but steadily expanded towards rural areas. Conclusions The expansion of the species has been very rapid, and is still active in Extremadura. The colonization pattern shows a clear directionality (northwest–southeast), beginning with urban nuclei, followed by expansion into rural areas.

Valuation of Learning Options in Software Development Under Private and Market Risk

ABSTRACT Commercial software development is an inherently uncertain activity. Private risk is high, schedule and cost overruns are common, and market success is elusive. Such circumstances call for a disciplined project evaluation approach. This paper addresses the use of market and earned value management data in assessing the economic value of commercial software development projects that are simultaneously subject to schedule, development cost, and market risk. The assessment is based on real options analysis, a financial valuation technique that can tackle dynamic investment decisions under uncertainty. The paper demonstrates the application of real options analysis to a development scenario that consists of two consecutive stages: a mandatory prototyping stage and an optional full-development stage. The full-development stage is undertaken only if the prototype is successful and the market outlook is sufficiently positive at the end of the prototyping stage, thus giving the full-development stage the flavor of an option. The project's staged design increases its value. Real options analyses capture the extra value due to optionality.

Trastornos cogitivos en pacientes con enfermedad de Huntington

Huntington s disease has been clearly recognized since 1872. It is characterized by the appearance of a motor disorder (chorea) accompanied by selective cognitive deterioration which is not interfered with by aging. Since the genetic defect causing it has been identified (expansion of CAG triplets on the IT 15 gene of chromosome 4) it has been possible to study families from the preclinical stage (asymptomatic persons who carried the mutation) to the stage of full development of the clinical syndrome. The behaviour disorders most often seen in these patients are depression, mania, schizophrenia, paranoia, anxiety, obsessive and obsessive compulsive disorders although other disorders may also occur. Different clinical forms of motor disorders and dementia have been reported in relation to the age of onset of the symptoms. The commonest cognitive symptoms are defects of attention, memory, planning, sequencing and visuo spatial deficits, as occurs in subcortical dementia. Our objective is to present the different clinical forms of the disorder according to the age of presentation, implication of the symptoms, severity of the genetic defect (number of CAG triplets) and to describe the study made of asymptomatic carriers so as to be able to detect incipient cognitive deterioration in these persons.

The electrophoretic pattern of urinary protein in in situ immune complex glomerulonephritis.

Urinary protein excreted in active in situ immune complex glomerulonephritis (ICGN) was qualitatively analyzed by the comparison of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns of urinary proteins from rats with Masugi GN, active Heymann GN (AHGN), and chronic serum sickness GN (CSSGN). In the SDS-PAGE analysis of urinary protein excreted in the active in situ ICGN and Masugi GN models, 200- and 145-kD macromolecules and low molecular weight components around 12 kD were excreted in large quantities at the full development stage (greater than 100 mg/24 h urinary protein). These findings, however, were obscure or lacking in CSS-GN and AHGN at the peak of proteinuria. Electrophoretic patterns of urinary proteins including lower molecular weight proteins could be divided into two groups: either active in situ ICGN and Masugi GN or AHGN and CSSGN. These two groups corresponded to the differences of morphologic expression such as proliferative changes rather than degree of proteinuria. The location of immune complex formation and deposition, probably different among the experimental models, may play an important role for determining the mediation and nature of glomerular injury.