Design Stage Research Articles

A Hybrid Prototype Method Combining Physical Models and Generative Artificial Intelligence to Support Creativity in Conceptual Design

Conceptual design is an essential stage in the design process, and its ultimate success largely depends on designers’ creativity. Both physical and digital prototypes are commonly adopted by designers to support ideation and creativity, providing intuitive perception and rapid iteration, respectively. In recent advancements, large-scale generation models are able to offer data-enabled creativity support by generating high-quality solutions comparable to human designers. This opens up an imaginary space for designers and brings new possibilities for design tools. In this study, we proposed a hybrid prototype method that synergistically combines physical models and generative artificial intelligence (AI) in the conceptual design stage. Correspondingly, we developed a hybrid prototype system to implement the proposed method. We conducted a comparative user study with 45 designers who completed a design task using the physical prototype method, standalone generative AI and the hybrid prototype method, respectively. Our results verified the effectiveness of the hybrid prototype method and investigated its mechanism in supporting creativity. Finally, we discussed the application value and optimisation space of the hybrid prototype method.

КОМП'ЮТЕРНИЙ МОДУЛЬ ДЛЯ АНІМАЦІЇ РУХУ ШАТУННО-ПОВЗУНКОВОЇ ГРУПИ ПРОГРАМИ KDAM ПРИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КІНЕМАТИЧНИХ ТА ДИНАМІЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ

The development of new schemes of the thread feeding system requires an operational assessment of the value of the tension in front of the working zone. The objective function in the tasks of optimizing technological processes is the minimum necessary tension. The development of special computer programs for determining the tension in the working area makes it possible to determine the necessary technological parameters. The variable parameter in the objective function is the sum of the angles of coverage of the working bodies by the thread. The use of a computer program allows you to determine the tension and change in relative tension in the filling zones of technological machines, which allows you to optimize the shape of the thread supply line even at the stage of designing the technological process. A computer module was developed for the animation of the movement of the connecting rod-slider group, which is a component of the KDAM program for determining the kinematic and dynamic parameters of the connecting rod-slider group of the mechanisms of textile and light industry machines, which allows at the preliminary design stage to visually evaluate the behavior of individual links of the connecting rod mechanism of the slider group and determine the coordinates, projections of velocities and accelerations of the center of mass of the connecting rod, the slider and the points of attachment of the links of the Asura groups on the connecting rod. The KDAM program is a structural element of a computer software complex for assessing the intensity of technological processes in the light and textile industry when determining the change in the relative tension of the thread in the filling zones on the technological equipment. Kinematic and dynamic analysis of flat mechanisms plays a significant role in the design of new mechanisms and modernization of existing ones. The results obtained during these studies can be used to calculate the strength of individual links, their inertial characteristics, optimization of structural parameters of mechanisms, and minimization of consumed energy. The computer module of the KDAM program for determining the kinematic and dynamic parameters of the connecting rod-slider group of mechanisms of light industry machines allows you to determine the coordinates, projections of velocities and accelerations of the center of mass of the connecting rod, slider and the point of attachment of the links of the Asura groups on the connecting rod. During the dynamic analysis of the operation of the connecting rod-slider group, the projections of the full reaction in the joints between the crank and the connecting rod, between the connecting rod and the slider, and between the slider and the fixed guide are determined.

Optimization of architectural design and construction with integrated BIM and PLM methodologies.

Digital transformation in the architecture industry encounters challenges such as data silos within design stages, between design and construction, and across the entire industry chain, including BIM and project management. This study introduces a pioneering approach for seamlessly integrating building information modeling (BIM) and product lifecycle management (PLM) within the management framework and collaborative workflows of architectural design and construction. The proposed methodology was implemented in two major projects, namely, the Wuhan Next-Generation Weather Radar Construction Project and the Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention Comprehensive Capacity Enhancement Project (Phase I), with the former being China's first end-to-end digitally integrated construction project. Compared with traditional projects, these implementations achieved improvements of 24.39% and 38.04%, respectively, in objective function values. The findings highlight the unique advantages of BIM-PLM integration in optimizing lifecycle management, enhancing cross-disciplinary, cross-enterprise, and cross-regional collaboration, improving project design efficiency and quality, and reducing costs and waste. This integration provides valuable insights into the digital advancement of the construction industry.

Review of Bridge Structure Damping Model and Identification Method

Damping is a fundamental characteristic of bridge structures, reflecting their ability to dissipate energy during vibration. In the design and maintenance of bridges, the damping ratio has a direct impact on the safety and service life of the structure, thus affecting its sustainability. Currently, there is no suitable theoretical method for estimating structural damping at the design stage. Therefore, the modal damping ratio of a completed or under-construction bridge can only be obtained through field dynamic tests to ensure compliance with design specifications. To summarize the latest research findings on bridge structure damping models and identification methods, and to advance the development of damping identification techniques, this paper provides an in-depth review from several perspectives: Firstly, it offers a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical framework for structural damping. Secondly, it summarizes the damping models proposed by researchers from various countries. Thirdly, it reviews the research progress on identifying the modal damping ratio of bridge structures using time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain methods based on environmental excitation. It also summarizes the methods and current status of identifying the modal damping ratio using artificial excitation. Finally, the future prospects and conclusions are discussed from three aspects: damping theory, test and identification method and data processing. This research and summary provide a solid theoretical foundation for advancing bridge structural damping theory and identification methods and offer valuable references for bridge operation and maintenance, as well as damage identification. From the perspective of modal parameter identification, it provides a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of bridges.

Otomatisasi Perhitungan OEE pada Mesin Filling ILAPAK 50g Menggunakan PLC dan HMI

This study addressed the limitations in calculating Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) manually, which frequently led to inaccuracies and inefficiencies in industrial processes. The purpose of this research was to design an automated OEE calculation system for the ILAPAK 50g filling machine to improve data accuracy and reduce dependency on manual input. A Design Science Research (DSR) methodology was employed, involving stages of system analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation. The system utilized key components, including an Omron CP2E PLC, proximity sensors, relays, and a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for real-time data acquisition. The findings indicated that the automated system significantly improved data accuracy, achieving reliable, continuous OEE calculations across different machine shifts. The system successfully replaced manual logbook methods, reducing human estimation errors, and displayed OEE data locally on the HMI, making it accessible for operational decisions. Furthermore, the implemented automation reduced overall downtime, enhanced machine availability, and minimized errors associated with manual record-keeping. This research has practical implications for industries aiming to optimize production efficiency. The automated OEE system demonstrated potential for scalability to other machines in manufacturing settings, highlighting its adaptability and utility in modern industrial environments. Future research could explore integration with cloud-based databases to enhance data storage and accessibility, providing a foundation for advanced predictive maintenance and performance monitoring across multiple machines.

Digital Student Worksheet on Ecology and Biodiversity to Enhance Critical Thinking and Digital Literacy for Middle School Students

Critical thinking skills and digital literacy can be influenced by several factors, one of which is the use of LKPD learning media. LKPD can be used on Ecology and Biodiversity material. This research aims to develop digital LKPD learning media products to improve student’s critical thinking and digital literacy skills at SMP Kartika X-1 Jatinegara, East Jakarta. This type of research is development research using the Hannafin and Peck model, through stages of analysis, design and implementation with evaluation and revision at each stage. The targets of this research were 106 seventh grade students at SMP Kartika X-1, Jatinegara, East Jakarta. Data analysis techniques in this research was n-gain test. The validation results for the development of digital LKPD from media experts and material experts received a score in the very good category. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that digital LKPD media can be developed and is suitable as a learning media for Ecology and Biodiversity material, and is effective enough in improving student’s critical thinking skills and digital literacy

Development of English Board Learning Media to Increase Learning Motivation in English Subjects in Grade 3 of Elementary Madrasah

Students are less motivated to follow the English learning process. The methods and approaches used by teachers are less interesting to students, still centered on the teacher. This study developed English board learning media, and to increase student enthusiasm and make it easier for teachers to transfer knowledge to students. English Board is expected to be fun, interesting, and motivating, and not make students bored when participating in English learning activities. The "English Board" learning media can increase student enthusiasm in learning and provide a pleasant learning experience for students. English Board media uses a research and development model. This study was only conducted in five stages, namely: 1) potential and problem stage, 2) data collection stage, 3) product design stage, 4) product validation stage, and 5) product revision stage. The results of the media validity obtained an average percentage of 89.77%, this result is included in the category of very good or very suitable for use in implementing English learning activities.

Development of assessment instrument business proposal for students' systems thinking skills on business model canvas in bioentrepreneurship course

Business Model Canvas (BMC) is a business model that must be mastered by students in the Bioentrepreneurship course as an initial provision for entering the entrepreneurial world, while in compiling Business Model Canvas (BMC) systematic thinking skills are needed. This study aims to provide an assessment instrument to measure students' system thinking skills in Business Model Canvas (BMC) material. The method used in this research is exploratory mixed method with exploratory sequential design stages. The participants involved were 40 students of Biology study program who contracted Bioentrepreneur course in one of the universities in Bandung City. The instrument was developed in the form of an assessment rubric with 29 indicators of systems thinking skills in Business Model Canvas. The quality of the instrument with validity based on expert judgment obtained a value of 89.3% with a very valid category, and the quality of the instrument with inter-rater reliability based on Cronbach's Alpha value obtained a value of 0.762 to 1.000 which is categorized as very good. Students' system thinking skills can emerge and be measured in the creation of a Business Model Canvas (BMC) in a business proposal by using the developed assessment instrument. So that the novelty in this study is that the assessment instrument of students' system thinking ability in making Business Model Canvas is declared valid and feasible for use in Bioentrepreneurship courses.

LOSS BREAKDOWN IN AXIAL TURBINES: A NEW METHOD FOR VORTEX LOSS AND WAKE DETECTION FROM 3D RANS SIMULATIONS

Abstract To enhance turbine efficiency, it is essential to mitigate the losses generated by irreversible phenomena in turbine flows, including boundary layers, shock waves, vortices, and trailing edge wakes. Fast and accurate detection of losses is crucial from the earliest design stages, where reduced-order models based on oversimplified correlations are employed. This requires a deep understanding of the physics behind loss-generating mechanisms, attainable by examining the 3D flow. While existing criteria can identify various phenomena, accurately quantifying vortex-generated losses remains challenging, as these losses frequently extend beyond the vortical structure. This paper provides a straightforward and effective approach to localize and assess vortex-related losses. The method is grounded in Zlatinov's decomposition of the entropy generation rate into a streamwise and secondary flow component. A criterion based on vortex kinematics evaluates the vortex's strength, enabling the determination of its spatial influence and contribution to overall losses. To validate the method, a post-processing code is developed to perform loss breakdown, using existing identification criteria and new techniques introduced within this work, particularly for wake detection. 3D RANS simulations on various configurations, from simple curved ducts to nozzle guide vanes, allow to gradually test and validate the computational tool. Results confirm that the highest entropy generation rates occur outside the vortical structure and show good ability to identify both the vortex shape and its area of influence in terms of losses. A significant improvement in predicting vortex losses is observed, especially for turbine blades with leakage vortices.

Silent Theatres: Dramatising Furniture in the Fictional Interiors of Fin-de-Siècle Exhibitions, Stages, and the Commercial World

Focusing primarily on Paris and London, this essay delves into fictional interiors crafted for exhibitions and commercial displays around 1900, contending that their genesis can be traced back to the practices and methods of theatrical stage design. Nineteenth-century performance, fervently inclined to material realism, established traditions for the staging of domestic objects. Theatres lent their techniques and their professionals to other types of display. From stages to homes, and from bedrooms to period rooms, the dramatisation of domesticity seized both public and private realms. Regardless of the purposes they served, be it memorial, educational, recreational, or promotional, fictional interiors of the turn of the twentieth century capitalised on the emotional resonance of material settings on individual sensibilities, and the ability of the audience to weave narratives from the arrangement of domestic objects.

Designing infographics in health research with patients and the public: A scoping review

Abstract Patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research is increasing, in recognition for its potential to enhance the quality and relevance of research. To date, there has been no comprehensive review of the literature on the design of infographics with patients and the public in health research. This scoping review aims to explore the extent and nature of PPI in the design of infographics, a commonly used tool for communicating complex health information to diverse audiences. The review used Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework by Levac et al. Comprehensive searches were carried out in the following databases: Scopus, PubMed Central, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL Complete, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Library. Identified citations were exported to Endnote and imported into Rayyan software for title and abstract screening. Preliminary results report a total of 738 citations imported, out of which 364 duplicates were removed and 374 citations underwent title and abstract screening. Of these, 80 citations were relevant for full-text review. Two independent reviewers evaluated full texts, resolving discrepancies through discussion or by a third reviewer. 62 studies were included in the review. Relevant data was extracted, and numeric and narrative analyses were performed to synthesize findings across included studies. The review found growing interest in PPI for health infographic design, using diverse approaches to engage patients and the public at various design stages. A wide variety of health topics were represented including disease specific topics, pain and weight gain. Common themes identified included the importance of accessibility, clarity, and cultural sensitivity in infographic development, as well as challenges related to generalisability, social desirability bias and ensuring meaningful involvement. This review offers insights and suggests further research and practice in leveraging PPI to optimize the design and impact of health infographics. Key messages • Growing Interest and Importance of Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in Health Research Design. • Challenges and Opportunities in Infographic Design for Health Communication.

Modeling and Analyzing of CMOS Cross-Coupled Differential-Drive Rectifier for Ultra-Low-Power Ambient RF Energy Harvesting

This paper models and analyzes the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) cross-coupled differential-drive (CCDD) rectifier for Ultra-Low-Power ambient radio-frequency energy harvesters (RFEHs) working in the subthreshold region. In this paper, two closed-form equations of CCDD rectifier output voltage and input resistance in the subthreshold region were derived based on BSIM4 models of NMOS and PMOS. The model give insight to specify circuit parameters according to different inputs, transistor sizes, threshold voltages, numbers of stages, load conditions and compensation voltages, which can be used to optimize the rectifier circuit. There is a good agreement between the simulation results and these models, and these models have a maximum deviation of 10% in comparison with the simulation results in the subthreshold region. The measurement results of a single-stage CCDD rectifier reported in a previous paper were adopted to verify the model. The output voltage and input resistance predicted by these models provide excellent consistency with corresponding measurement results. The model can be employed to optimize the CCDD rectifier without expensive calculation in the design stage.

Unlocking the limitedness on promotion: Augmenting a web-based mobile promotional media for delivery services at a homeware company

As information technology develops, the utilization of the internet as a business platform has increased significantly, allowing companies to promote their products and services more widely and efficiently. This research explores the development of a mobile website for a homeware company in Batam, which currently relies on online platforms such as Shopee and Tokopedia. This dependency causes limitations in reaching customers optimally. Therefore, this research proposes the development of mobile web-based promotional media using the Waterfall method, which includes the stages of need analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. This method was chosen to ensure a systematic approach in designing and developing a responsive and appropriate website. Using Unified Modeling Language (UML) in system design possibly allows clear visualization and effective stakeholder communication. The implementation conducted by employing PHP, MySQL, and CodeIgniter framework resulted in a website which is expected to be able to fulfil the functional and non-functional needs of the company. The results show that developing this mobile web-based promotion system can potentially increase the company's market reach and operational efficiency as well as provide easy access for customers. This research provides an innovative model for similar companies to adopt digital technology to improve their business competitiveness.

Optimisasi Pengelolaan Karyawan dan Proyek Melalui Sistem Berbasis Web di PT Raja Perkasa

PT Raja Perkasa, a company operating in the construction sector, faces challenges in managingoperational activities and employee performance. This research aims to develop a web-basedmanagement system as a solution to address these issues. The developed application is designed topresent the company’s portfolio, manage partner data, handle partnership proposals, overseeproject data, manage employee records, facilitate attendance tracking, manage leave requests,resignation submissions, and issue employee warnings. The application development utilizes theLaravel framework and MySQL as the database management system, with the goal of improvingthe efficiency and effectiveness of company information management. The Waterfall method isused for the application development, encompassing the stages of requirements analysis, design,coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance. The application, after successful testing in thedeveloper’s local environment, was then hosted for direct user access. In the maintenance phase,bug fixes were implemented, and user satisfaction data was gathered through questionnairescompleted by 23 respondents representing seven user roles: admin, project manager, owner, HR, employees, clients, and visitors. The Likert scale analysis resulted in an average satisfaction levelof 87.14%. The research findings indicate that the application provides a positive user experience.However, further development is needed to add features such as employee recruitment, financialmanagement, and project scheduling, with a focus on sensitive data security. Therefore, thisapplication is expected to strengthen PT Raja Perkasa’s position in the construction industry andenhance project management and employee productivity

Rancangan Aplikasi Kasir Toko Kelontong Berbasis Website Menggunakan Metode Waterfall

Digitalization in the business world has become an urgent need to enhance efficiency andproductivity, particularly for grocery stores that still rely on manual methods for managingtransactions and inventory. Dependence on manual processes often leads to various issues, such asinaccurate record-keeping, difficulties in tracking inventory, and suboptimal customer service. Toaddress these challenges, this study develops a web-based cashier application designed to automatetransactions, inventory management, and sales reporting. The application is expected to facilitatestore owners in managing daily operations while improving data accuracy and customersatisfaction. The development of the application follows the Waterfall method, a structured andlinear software development approach. This method involves stages of requirements analysis,system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The outcome of this study is a webbasedcashier application capable of addressing the challenges faced by grocery stores, withfeatures that support operational efficiency and flexibility in monitoring business activities. Thisapplication also offers long-term benefits in enhancing the competitiveness of grocery stores in thedigital era.

Taxon Boundaries Unifying Homogeneous Territories by Geocomplex Features in Climatic Zonation

Road-building climatic zonation developed in the 1950s for the territory of the former Soviet Union, does not take into account natural climatic conditions of many regions occupying a significant area of Russia, which limits periods between the highway repair. The development of new territories, for example, the vast Arctic zone, requires a methodological approach from various organizations to the areas by the geographical complex, within which the same type of road structures will be characterized by the same strength and stability. To date, there is no unified, standardized methodology of road-building climatic zonation, providing the required level of reliability of structural and technological solutions at design and construction stages of roads.Purpose: To summarize the results of long-term studies carried out by the authors on the territory of 14 administrative formations of the West Siberian region.Research findings: Schematic is proposed for taxonomic division of territories based on the elements of the geographical complex of administrative entities of the Russian Federation. Differences between the calculated values of clay soil properties given in normative documents and experimental data, are shown on the example of the territory of the Omsk region.

Perancangan dan Implementasi Virtual Tour Sebagai Media Promosi Inovatif Pada Fakultas Ilmu Komputer

Esa Unggul University has experienced a decline in the number of applicants for the Faculty ofComputer Science, particularly in the Information Technology and Information Systems programs.To address this issue, a Virtual Tour application based on Virtual Reality (VR) was developedusing Unity and Oculus Quest 2 as a promotional tool. This application provides a deeper insightinto the campus facilities, enhancing prospective students' interest. The development method usedis the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC), encompassing planning, design, development,testing, and implementation stages. Testing results indicate that this application is effective inattracting new student interest. The Virtual Tour application has proven to be an innovative andbeneficial promotional tool for Esa Unggul University.

Influence of External Clearance Variation on Vibration Characteristics of Ship Electrically Assisted Turbocharger Rotor Bearing System

Electrically assisted turbocharging (EAT) technology is an important technical means to effectively solve the problems of insufficient intake air and poor transient response of traditional turbocharged engines at low speed or acceleration, and to realize the electrification of marine internal combustion engine power system. In the EAT design stage, the original rotor model of a marine turbocharger was established and verified. Subsequently, the EAT rotor dynamics design and analysis were carried out, and the influence of the unbalanced phase and external clearance on rotor vibration was discussed. The results show that when the external clearance is small, extensive sub-synchronous vibration occurs and bifurcation occurs at high speed. When the external clearance is large, the sub-synchronous vibration component almost disappears but high synchronous vibration occurs at a high speed. At the same time, the shaft is significantly affected by the gravity load at low speeds, and the rotor makes a balanced motion on the critical limit cycle at high speed. In order to minimize the vibration and noise of the same type of EAT, it is recommended to control the outer clearance of the EAT bearing in the range of 0.30–0.36[Formula: see text]mm. The research content provides a reference for the dynamic design and analysis of the EAT, which effectively helps the development of the original engine of the ship electric auxiliary turbocharger and improves the operation stability of the EAT.

Thrombogenic Risk Assessment of Transcatheter Prosthetic Heart Valves Using a Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach

Background and ObjectiveProsthetic heart valve interventions such as TAVR have surged over the past decade, but the associated complication of long-term, life-threatening thrombotic events continues to undermine patient outcomes. Thus, improving thrombogenic risk analysis of TAVR devices is crucial. In vitro studies for thrombogenicity are typically difficult to perform. However, revised ISO testing standards include computational testing for thrombogenic risk assessment of cardiovascular implants. We present a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach for assessing thrombogenic risk of transcatheter aortic valves. MethodsAn FSI framework was implemented via the incompressible computational fluid dynamics multi-physics solver of the ANSYS LS-DYNA software. The numerical modeling approach for flow analysis was validated by comparing the derived flow rate of the 29 mm CoreValve device from benchtop testing and orifice areas of commercial TAVR valves in the literature to in silico results. Thrombogenic risk was analyzed by computing stress accumulation (SA) on virtual platelets seeded in the flow fields via ANSYS EnSight. The integrated FSI-thrombogenicity methodology was subsequently employed to examine hemodynamics and thrombogenic risk of TAVR devices with two approaches: 1) engineering optimization and 2) clinical assessment. ResultsSimulated effective orifice areas for commercial valves were in reported ranges. In silico cardiac output and flow rate during the positive pressure differential period matched experimental results by approximately 93 %. The approach was used to analyze the effect of various TAVR leaflet designs on hemodynamics, where platelets experienced instantaneous stresses reaching around 10 Pa. Post-TAVR deployment hemodynamics in patient-specific bicuspid aortic valve anatomies revealed varying degrees of thrombogenic risk with the highest median SA around 70 dyn·s/cm2 - nearly double the activation threshold - despite those being clinically classified as “mild” paravalvular leaks. ConclusionsOur methodology can be used to improve the thromboresistance of prosthetic valves from the initial design stage to the clinic. It allows for unparalleled optimization of devices, uncovering key TAVR leaflet design parameters that can be used to mitigate thrombogenic risk, in addition to patient-specific modeling to evaluate device performance. This work demonstrates the utility of advanced in silico analysis of TAVR devices that can be utilized for thrombogenic risk assessment of other blood recirculating devices.

Energy management and demand side management framework for nano-grid under various utility strategies and consumer’s preference

This research proposes a day-ahead scheduling utilizing both demand side management (DSM), and Energy Management (EM) in a grid-tied nanogrid comprises of photovoltaic, battery, and diesel generator for optimizing the generation cost and the energy not supplied (at grid-outage). Wider terminology is introduced to combine both load controllability (considered in traditional DSM), and interval capability to accommodate additional loads defined as flexible, non-flexible, and semi-flexible intervals. Moreover, the user selection for EM or combined operation of EM with DSM at different degrees of interval flexibility is defined as user preference. In addition, three utility’s operations are considered denoted as fixed rate pricing (FRP), time-of-use (ToU) pricing, and FRP with grid-outage. Hence, the suggested framework utilizes the opportunities of generation diversity, the electricity pricing strategy, and the load flexibility. The obtained result show that, DSM with flexible intervals reduces the cost by 21.02%, 25.23%, and 18.15% for FRP, ToU, and FRP with grid-outage scenarios respectively. And cost reduction by 20.41%, 22.42%, and 17.81% for DSM with semi-flexible intervals and 16.24%, 21.15%, and 13.8% for DSM with non-flexible intervals. This cost reduction is associated with full utilization of renewable energy generation and reduction of the energy from/to battery which enhances its lifetime or reduces the required battery size during design stage for cost and provisions saving in flexible and semi-flexible intervals. A hybrid optimization technique of Moth-flame optimization algorithm, and Lagrange’s multiplier is proposed and confirms its effectiveness with detailed comparison with other techniques.