Stackable System Research Articles

3D virtual patient-Magnetically retained printed stackable system for implant guided placement: Case report.

The aim of this report is to present the complete workflow of 3D virtual patient for planning and performing implant surgery with magnetically retained 3D-printed stackable guides. A 3D-printed stackable system was proposed based on bone, dental, and facial references. Initially, a 66-year-old male patient was digitalized through photographs, cone beam computed tomography, and intraoral scans (Virtuo Vivo, Straumann). All files were merged to create a 3D virtual patient in the planning software (coDiagnostiX, Straumann). Sequential stackable guides were designed, printed, and cured. Magnets were inserted into connectors, and the interim protheses received color characterization. Four mounted guides were produced for the specific purposes of pin fixation, bone reduction, implant placement, and immediate provisionalization. After surgery and healing period, patient digital data were updated. Final implantpositions were compared to planned values and inconsistencies were clinically acceptable. The mean angular deviation was 5.4° (3.2-7.3) and mean 3D discrepancies were of 0.90 mm (0.46-1.12) at the entry point and 1.68 mm (1.00-2.20) at implant apex. Case follow-up revealed stability, patient's comfort, and no intercurrences. Magnetically retained stackable guides provide treatment accuracy and reduce surgical and prosthetic complications. The projected virtual patient enhances decision-making and communication between the multidisciplinary team and the patient, while decreases time and costs. Bidimensional diagnosis and freehand implant placement have limitations and outcomes often rely on professionals' expertise. Performing facially driven virtual planning improves treatment predictability. This approach promotes function, esthetic harmony, and patient satisfaction. Implant guided surgery and 3D printed prostheses constitute a reproducible digital workflow that can be implemented into clinical practice to optimize dental care.

Body armour – New materials, new systems

This is a very timely review of body armour materials and systems since new test standards are currently being written, or reviewed, and new, innovative products released. Of greatest importance, however, is the recent evolution, and maturity, of the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene fibres enabling a completely new style of system to evolve – a stackable system of Hard Armour Plates. The science of body armour materials is quickly reviewed with emphasis upon current understanding of relevant energy-absorbing mechanisms in fibres, fabrics, polymeric laminates and ceramics. The trend in on-going developments in ballistic fibres is then reviewed, analysed and future projections offered. Weaknesses in some of the ceramic grades are highlighted as is the value of using cladding materials to improve the robustness, and multi-strike performance, of Hard Armour Plates. Finally, with the drive for lighter, and therefore smaller, soft armour systems for military personnel the challenges for armour designers are reported, and the importance of the relative size of the Hard Armour Plate to the Soft Armour Insert is strongly emphasised.

Digital Transmission Over Existing Subscriber Cable

The paper first describes strategies to permit the smooth transition to all-digital operation in the subscribers' area. This emphasizes the essential employment of the existing network to support alldigital working. Two particular aspects of the many factors relevant to such realization are then highlighted-signaling and transmission. It is claimed that the former must provide a rich signaling repertoire, but that such a system may demand international agreement. An outline of a possible solution is given. The transmission capabilities of the existing subscribers' area network are discussed, with particular reference to limitation by near-end crosstalk, and the results of swept-frequency measurements of typical cable crosstalk characteristics are analyzed. An outline of the statistical simulation method of interference summation used to combine these results with differing digital system parameters is described. It is concluded that, with suitable line codes and stackable systems, the existing network will normally support all-digital working.

Stackable carrier telephone system

Many of the independent telephone companies in the United States need an economical means of obtaining short-distance carrier circuits. The 3-channel stackable system, while coordinating with other systems of conventional channel allocation, may be installed as service demand requires, one channel at a time, each channel independent of the others.