Stable Ties Research Articles

Миссионерская деятельность Тобольско-Тюменской епархии на севере Западной Сибири в 1990–2010 гг.

The article examines the main directions, forms and methods of missionary activity of the Tobolsk-Tyumen diocese among the indigenous population of the North of Western Siberia in 1990 – 2010. The research was based on publications in the diocesan periodical press, the works of the Tobolsk Theological Seminary, field materials of the authors. The article examines the state of Orthodoxy among the indigenous population by the early 1990s, the specifics of the organization and implementation of the diocesan mission in the territories of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (KhMAO) and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YANAO). It is shown that in the post-Soviet period, in the conditions of changing relations between the state and the Russian Orthodox Church, the restoration of its missionary activity and the expansion of the Orthodox space in the historically nurtured territories gradually took place. It is concluded that educational, apologetic, informational forms of work were the most common in the missionary activity of the Tobolsk–Tyumen diocese in the North of Western Siberia in 1990 - 2010. The fulfillment of socially significant functions by the diocese contributed to the expansion of the Orthodox presence in the territory. In the 1990s, the missionary activity of the diocese among the indigenous population of the North was limited due to insufficient material and financial situation, lack of personnel and premises for religious rites, parish work. In the 2000s, in the context of establishing stable ties with government administrations of various levels, missionary activity acquired a large-scale character. The article notes that the practice of the Orthodox mission has led to the development of recommendations for the organization of missionary work among the indigenous population, and the specifics of the activities associated with the remoteness and inaccessibility of the northern territories – to the emergence of new forms of missionary expedition.

Исследование взаимосвязи между туристическими потребностями российских путешественников и культурными ресурсами провинции Цзянсу

Stable ties have been formed between Russia and China in the field of tourism. Jiangsu Province in China is characterized by a high level of development in the recreational sector for travelers and is rich in cultural and tourist resources. In 2021, the region set the goal of becoming a “world-renowned tourist destination”, meaning a sought-after destination for travelers from various countries. While developing in this regard, the province has demonstrated significant growth in the number of accepted guests from other countries in recent years, however, Russians among them constitute a minority. The article aims to examine the tourist motivation of Russian travelers when visiting China and identify the cultural and resource advantages of Jiangsu Province that could attract them to the region. Three aspects of Russians’ travel preferences are noted – the unique culture of the destination, budget-friendly shopping and high comfort for vacationers. It is concluded that adapting the tourism industry of Jiangsu Province to cater to the preferences of Russian tourists presents an opportunity to increase tourist arrivals from Russia. Strategies focusing on promoting cultural attractions, enhancing shopping experiences, and improving leisure facilities can contribute to attracting more Russian tourists to the region, thereby bolstering tourism growth and economic development.

"City manager" in the municipal management system: problems of competitive selection and efficiency of activities

The relevance of studying the problems of implementing the "city manager" model is due to the high level of complexity in the activities of modern municipalities. This article analyzes the activities of a city manager in the current Russian conditions and identifies the reasons for the low efficiency of this model. The author considers such aspects of the topic as professional training of city managers, ensuring their high-quality selection, as well as making managerial decisions by a city manager in conditions of constant interaction with both regional authorities and the local community. Special attention is paid to the search for mechanisms to improve competitive events within the framework of the functioning of the "city manager" model in the municipal government system, taking into account existing legislative, political, methodological and personnel barriers. The results of the survey of heads of local governments are analyzed. The article uses methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison and classification, as well as systemic, situational and institutional approaches. It is concluded that there are destructive practices of "transition" (inversion) of positive elements of the "city manager" model into its disadvantages, which is due to an inadequate level of elaboration of key selection processes and preparation of candidates for the position of head of local administration. At the same time, the blurring of the criteria for evaluating a city manager leads to the replacement of the competence criterion by an assessment of the level of political loyalty, the presence of stable ties with the regional elite. In this connection, recommendations are offered on the formation of models for assessing candidates' competencies, the role of professional knowledge and analytical skills of a city manager is justified. Additionally, the expediency of taking into account the "residency qualification" in evaluating candidates for the position of city manager as a factor in supporting the actions of the municipal leader by the local population is considered.

The role and place of the constitutional acts of the Ukrainian Central Rada in the history of Ukrainian state formation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state- building activities of the Ukrainian Central Rada, which was embodied in constitutional documents.The key place of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (1917-1918) in the general historical process of Ukrainian state formation is substantiated.The content of the acts of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, which in its short time of existence went from the birth of the national state apparatus to the development and adoption of its own Constitution, was considered and analyzed.The central place among the acts of the UCR is occupied by the four Universals proclaimed by it.Using the methods of systematic and comparative analysis of the texts of these documents, it was possible to: 1) trace the evolution of the national identification of the Ukrainian state: from autonomy to independence; 2) the mechanisms of the formation of the state-authority apparatus and the formation of the democratic foundations of the division of power into branches are analyzed; 3) the norm-making potential of the Ukrainian Central Committee was analyzed. A general review of the rule-making activity of the Ukrainian Central Rada regarding the establishment of norms of a constitutional nature makes it possible to understand that the political and legal idea was aimed at the formation of a democratic republican state system.The positive aspects of the state-building experience of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (1917-1918) were: defense of national interests, democratic development of state institutions, recognition and consolidation of fundamental human rights and freedoms, and their social direction. The policy miscalculations carried out by the Ukrainian Central Council include: maintaining stable ties and hoping for democratic development alongside Russia; chaotic decisions, which is connected, on the one hand, with the lack of experience, and on the other - with the pressure of the russian authorities.

Between West and Non-West - Turkey at a Crossroad of Geostrategic Choice

Historically, the Republic of Turkey is one of the few states in the Middle East, in a civilizational sense, located between East and West. As time has passed since a number of unsuccessful attempts to integrate into Western institutions and with the beginning of geopolitical changes in the international arena, Turkey has made a “pivot to the East”. Considering the increasing role of the Non-West within the framework of the formation of a polycentric system of international relations, the study of Turkey as one of the key centers of forces of our time, as well as the identification of its characteristics, eastern and western features, is of particular relevance. The purpose of the study is to examine the civilizational characteristics of modern Turkey. By applying civilizational approach, Turkey’s position of a “middle state” was revealed, which has both Western and Eastern features, but is increasingly gravitating towards the non-Western world. At the same time, amid the ideology of “neo-Ottomanism” implemented by the current leadership and the increasing role of the ideological and value factor, Western features are gradually fading away, remaining only in the form of official secularism and stable ties with Western institutions. While the Turkish orientality, along with unofficial islamization, have a clearer image. Turkey develops in progressive-regressive cycles, where the Western cycle is replaced by the Eastern and vice versa. However, the West is systematically ceasing to be a symbol of progress. The authors conclude that the non-Western path of development is the most promising for modern Turkey, however, with the condition that eastern development will not be moderated by Islamist circles and supporters of political Islam.

ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ В СИСТЕМІ МАРКЕТИНГОВОГО АНАЛІЗУ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ

The topic of the study is the exploration of known and the search for new theoretical approaches to enhance pricing within the marketing activities system, considering constant fluctuations in market conditions. The article conducts a theoretical analysis of price as a category in the market economy, the impact of pricing on the financial condition, and the market position of a business. The central idea revolves around the creation of a marketing-oriented price. Therefore, the theory of pricing, as a crucial component of marketing, should incorporate a synthetic approach, recognizing that all elements of the marketing complex, including corporate identity, should contribute to price formation. Prices convey diverse information to consumers, making pricing strategy a significant factor in competitiveness. The pricing policy is influenced by both internal and external factors, outlined in detail by marketing analysis. Marketing activities in the field of pricing should be focused on the individualization of demand within the framework of marketing interaction, the creation of stable ties with consumers, while the price is influenced by factors of all components of the marketing complex of enterprises. Businesses increasingly adopt marketing principles in setting prices, making price a fundamental tool in a marketer's inventory. In the marketing analysis of the pricing process strategic pricing policies are identified to achieve the enterprise's defining goals such as profit, market position, leadership, and customer satisfaction. Marketing analysis prompts adjustments to the company's pricing strategies in response to new market situations and considering the stage of the product life cycle. Marketers, having examined macro and microeconomic factors, employ marketing analysis to select a pricing method – a complex task requiring thorough scientific justification. Economic modelling and forecasting of consumer behaviour, along with controlled market tests and purchase simulations, are crucial methods in this decision-making process. Pricing in marketing is a creative process, further underscored by the dynamic business environment.

Liquid Youth Generation? The New Psychopathological Trajectories of the Post-Modern Society

According to Zygmunt Bauman (1999), we are living in an era dominated by a "liquid society". In the liquid society, nothing is clear, defined and fixed “once and for all”. The liquid society imposes high standards, it is highly competitive, and computerized. Obviously, this influences every aspect of life, by indeed incentivizing precarious interpersonal relationships. Our post-modern society is dominated by haste and the absence of stable ties. Within this context, adolescents and young adults should define their identity and, at the same time, should acquire the ability to flexibly redefine it, when necessary. Youth identity is forced to constantly adapt itself according to the changing society. This inevitably exposes young people to new forms of discomfort as well as psychopathologies. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview about the current state-of-the-art of the mental health status of adolescents and young adults in post-modern society, by focusing on seven major themes: digital addiction, effects of media use on behavior and mental-health, social withdrawal, alexithymia, fluid identity, not in education/employment or training people, and self-harm and suicidality.

ХРОНОЛОГИЯ НЕОЛИТА НИЖНЕГО ПРИИШИМЬЯ (ПО ДАННЫМ МЕРГЕНСКОГО АМР)

In the last decade, the Mergen archaeological microdistrict has become a base for the study of the Neolithic of the Lower Ishim region. Systematic studies of key settlements (Mergen 3, 5–8) were carried out, 42 radiocarbon dates were obtained. It is established that the process of formation of the Neolithic in the region is associated with the appearance (no later than the first quarter of the 7th millennium BC) of the carriers of the tradition of making flat-bottomed ceramic vessels, on the basis of which the early Boborykino culture is formed. By the end of the 7th millennium BC, in the Ishim Valley, representatives of the Koshkino culture of the Trans-Urals appear, and the tradition of making vessels with relief bands, which has some similarities with the Satygin and Mulymya complexes of the mountainous Trans-Urals and the Kondinsky lowland. The coexistence of these groups of the population and the early Boborykino was recorded, in the morphology and ornamentation of the vessels of which the characteristic features of the “classical” Late Neolithic were clearly manifested. At the middle stage of the Neolithic (the second quarter of the 5th millennium BC), the Kozlov population appeared in the Lower Ishim region and, probably, a little later (the third quarter of the 5th millennium BC) bearers of the tradition of making dishes similar to the Sosnovoostrovskaya culture of the Middle Tobol region. Stable ties were revealed during this period, at least for the former, with the southern neighbors (the Makhanjar culture of Turgay). The presented chronological sections illustrate the continuity of the Lower Ishim region and Trans-Urals (Southern, Middle, possibly mountain forest), as well as the steppe territories in the south, in cultural and genetic processes during the 7th–5th millennium BC.

Стратегическое партнерство политических партий Румынии и Молдовы в новых политических реалиях

The article examines the features and main directions of interaction between political parties of the Republic of Romania and the Republic of Moldova from the early 1990s to the present day. Analyzing the historical prerequisites for stable ties between political parties of the two countries, the authors draw attention to the fact that they are based on the shared ideas of unionism and formation of a single political and cultural space between Romania and Moldova. The authors also examine conditions for close cooperation between the parties such as Moldova’s choice of the European path of development, strengthening strategic partnership with Romania and the EU countries and ensuring security in the region. This research demonstrates that the high degree of Romania’s involvement in the Moldovan political processes creates special conditions for inter-party interaction, which covers different spheres of real politics. Considering political parties as important actors in the communication process that can influence political decisionmaking, the authors identify several areas of cooperation, including educational projects, youth initiatives, inter-party dialogue at various levels, activities of representative offices of Romanian parties on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, inclusion of Moldovan politicians in the electoral process in Romania. As a result, the research categorizes political parties of Moldova and Romania on the basis of their attitude to the ideas of unionism and main ideological priorities, into three groups. The authors emphasize that in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the agenda of cooperation between Chisinau and Bucharest is reduced to the points of Romania supporting Moldova’s European path and the latter ensuring its own security and sovereignty. Under these circumstances, cooperation between political stakeholders of the two states is intensifying. This kind of interaction mainly covers the right flank of Moldovan parties. The multidimensional nature of political interdependence between the two sides of the Prut demonstrates the high degree of mutual involvement of parties of the two states in each other’s internal affairs. The basic principle in political programs of Romanian and Moldovan parties is the idea of Uniri. This idea of building a single state has become the leitmotif of establishing communication channels between the main actors of the political process in Romania and Moldova, who are committed to a common European future.

The Main Philosophical and Economic Concepts of the Essence of Humans as a Subject of Economic Activity

The main goal of the study is to determine the main philosophical and economic concepts of the essence of humans as a subject of economic activity. Considering a person as an object of philosophical and bio-socio-economic knowledge at the present stage of development of the socio-historical process, we understand that a person in the histori­cal retrospective of life is integrated into a complex system of socio-economic economic relations and processes that make up fairly stable ties that are formed in the process of interactions in society. These connections are refracted due to the state of a personality and their social potential. They are expressed in his activity as an established personal attitude to the surrounding reality, its transformation, inclu­sion in the economic and social meaningful functioning. As a result of the study, the main aspects of the essence of humans as a subject of economic activity in the context of economic and philosophical science were identified.

Writing into relationships

Social network change is often accomplished through communicative efforts but seldom studied as such. This article studies communicative efforts at tie change as expressed in interpersonal notes between adolescents. Communicative efforts bring about tie change by identifying perceived relational problems and social corroboration with surrounding actors, dyads and contiguous events. This pressures others to respond in ways that form, maintain, revise, or dissolve relationships. Social corroboration is sought through a process with several identifiable stages. First, writers describe a relational scene composed of perceived interpersonal stances between actors. Within the scene, some stances are clearly defined, enacted, felt, and/or socially confirmed, suggesting stable ties. Other stances are uncertain and reflect focal problems in need of relational work, becoming the focal story in the relational scene. Second, writers present stories in an attempt to motivate audience response by revealing the writer’s intention, by assigning undesirable identities to select actors, and by implicating some tie changes as (in)appropriate to the scene. Last, audiences respond to these notes with their own communication, either affirming and aligning relations in ways that move desired tie changes toward actualization, or redefining the story in ways that require additional exchanges. In this manner individuals write their way into relationships.

Руси vs кармати: новий погляд на події в Барда’а в 40-х роках X століття

The article is dedicated to the Rus’ military campaign against Bardha’a, a major political center in Azerbaijan in the era of the Abbasid Caliphate. This was the military action of the Rus’ in the Caspian region, which found the most complete consecration in the written sources of the East. In the context of political events, the arrival of Rus’ in Azerbaijan should be attributed to August 944, and the departure from there at the turn of summer–autumn 945. The likely participants of the campaign were contingents from the army of Prince Igor of Kyiv, who in 944 went on a campaign against Byzantium, which ended in peace negotiations. The campaign against Bardha’a took place with the support of Khazaria. Rus’ arrived in Azerbaijan by ship, so their most likely route is: the Black Sea – the Kerch Strait – the Sea of Azov – the Don – portage to Sarkel – the Volga – the Caspian Sea – the Kura. The version about the land route through the North Caucasus is not valid, and through the lands of the Byzantine vassals of Abkhazia, Kakheti, and Hereti is not confirmed by source information. The Rus’ campaign against the Bardha’a became possible in the context of a serious crisis that the Caliphate was experiencing. One of the manifestations of the crisis was the growing popularity of opposition religious trends. Ismailism occupied a special place among such trends, including in the form of Qarmatian teaching. The Emir Marzuban, an opponent of the Rus in Bardha’a, considered himself as belonging to this teaching. Countering the Ismaili was one of the main tasks of the policy of the Sunni ruling elites of the Samanid, Khwarazm, Shirvan, and Derbent States. In the middle of the 10th century, it was these Islamic policies that had stable ties with the Khazars. This circumstance explains the neutrality of the Muslim community of Khazaria in providing the squadron of Rus’ with the opportunity to enter the Caspian Sea and attack the possessions of Marzuban.

Timing and networks: Embedding patterns of Peruvian migrants in Switzerland

In this article, I analyse the tensions between transnationalism and integration as dynamic embedding practices. To elucidate patterns of embedding, I compare the life stories and networking accounts of an heterogeneous group of Peruvians with different social mobility outcomes. Despite length of stay, embedding practices show scarce and inconstant ties with host-country nationals, whereas Peruvians and other migrants represent persistent and close ties with members of this group. While the quantity and quality of ties with members of the host society have been predominantly analysed to asses degrees of integration, most research has only focused on co-nationals in home and host countries to enquiry about transnationalism. Moreover, the ties with migrants of other nationalities and co-nationals at alternative destinations are subsumed under a broad “transnational” category. Besides the dual compatriot networks, the analysis of Peruvian migrants’ embedding practices reveals multifocal transnationalism based on ties with other Peruvians across several countries that in turn might enhance forms of integration in Switzerland. The result of uppward mobility at destination depending on close and stable ties with geographically scattered co-nationals contributes to the debates about social capital in migration studies.

Twin-City Relations between Czechoslovak and Lower Volga Cities in the Second Half of the 20th Century and Their Reflection in Urban Toponymy

In post-war Soviet history, an important place was occupied by scientific, technical, socio-cultural and educational practices of interaction between the cities of the Soviet Union and of the Eastern bloc. The special nature of relations was often reinforced by the status of twin cities. This practice has contributed to the strengthening of interaction between officials, residents and various associations at the local and regional levels. The Lower Volga cities such as the Saratov, Balakovo (Saratov region) and Kamyshin (Volgograd region), have developed special stable ties with Czechoslovak cities. During the implementation of such a major energy project of the countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance as the construction of the «Soyuz» gas pipeline, the works in the Lower Volga region was carried out by specialists from Czechoslovakia. A number of industrial and social objects in Kamyshin were built directly with the participation of Czechoslovak scientific and technical specialists. In the urban space, the special nature of relations is reflected in the architectural and cultural heritage; it can be traced in urban toponymy to the present day. After the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia and the collapse of the socialist bloc, ties were severed. Only between the Slovak Trnava and the Russian Balakovo is symbolic on May 9, 2013 signed an agreement on the resumption of cooperation, providing for interaction in the fields of culture, education, sports, tourism, trade and other socio-economic issues.

Maintaining Ties on Social Media Sites: The Competing Effects of Balance, Exchange, and Betweenness

When users interact with one another on social media sites, the volume and frequency of their communication can shift over time, as their interaction strengthens or weakens. We study the interplay of several competing factors in the maintainance of such links, developing a methodology that can begin to separate out the effects of several distinct social forces. In particular, if two users develop mutual relationships to third parties, this can exert a complex effect on the level of interaction between the two users — it has the potential to strengthen their relationship, through processes related to triadic closure, but it can also weaken their relationship, by drawing their communication away from one another and toward these newly formed connections. We analyze the interplay of these competing forces and relate the underlying issues to classical principles in sociology — specifically, the theories of balance, exchange, and betweenness. In the course of our analysis, we also provide novel approaches for dealing with a common methodological problem in studying ties on social media sites: the tremendous volatility of these ties over time makes it hard to compare one's results to simple baselines that assume static or stable ties, and hence we must develop a set of more complex baselines that takes this temporal behavior into account.

Legal heritage and legal tradition – on the issue of correlation

Increased interest in the study of legal heritage and legal traditions as a factor in the stability of the legal system is determinedby the crisis of Ukrainian legal reality, which forces both scholars and legislators to think about finding ways to update Ukrainian law,the effectiveness of the national legal system.The purpose of this theoretical and legal study is to analyze the relationship between two legal categories – legal heritage andlegal tradition. Identification of common and distinctive features.The article analyzes the definitions of the concept of legal heritage and legal traditions, namely: legal heritage is a set of spiritual,historically stable ties, relations, results of legal activity, which ensure the translation and acceptance of past legal experience, as wellas provides the orientation of people’s lives to strengthen historical and legal values; legal traditions reproducing the content-formingprinciples of law, which provide the tradition and perception of previous legal experience, as well as the orientation of legal reality tostrengthen, restore the legal heritage. 
 It should be noted that the legal heritage is largely defined as the embodiment of a tradition, the transmission of which contributesto the meaning of the past and present. If we consider the legal heritage based on its historical and cultural interpretation, we can seethe following meanings: «leaving a legal footprint», «finding a legal footprint», «movement on the legal footprint», «legal footprint ofancestors». Thus, what leaves its mark for many years, as a rule, is of special value, which means that it went beyond the everyday,mundane and became timeless.The legal heritage expresses the historical movement of the legal system. On the positive side, the legal heritage is understoodas certain connections, interactions that take place within the legal culture, the legal system. «Any legal system is based on the legalheritage and at the same time creates it. It is an indicator of legal culture that is part of a particular legal system as an integral elementof its ideological subsystem». The concept of the legal heritage of nations is a logical reflection at the national level of the concept ofworld legal heritage.Tradition preserves the legal system, ensures its qualitative originality, self-reproduction, self-identity in history. Tradition, understoodas cultural imitation and heritage, appears as the life force of culture, as a mechanism for preserving and reproducing culturalconstants.

Русская народно-поэтическая речь на фоне иноэтнических традиций: кросскультурный аспект

The paper sums up the experience of lasting work of the Kursk linguafolklore scientists that have been studying the Russian popular poetic speech. It traces the history of coming into being and developing of the special academic branch aimed at studying the folklore work phenomenon — that is lingua folklore. The main attention is paid to the methodology of comparable and crosscultural linguafolklore. Comparable linguafolklore implies comparing social dialectal and popular poetic speeches, the language of various folklore genres as well as territorial differences in folk poetic speech within the same ethnic tradition. Cross-cultural linguafolklore studies is a tool used for discovering cultural preferences of the ethnic group and specific peculiarities of the mentality through comparing traditional cultures. The object for confronting folklore texts belonging to different ethnic groups are the concepts verbalized with the help of the national language forms. The subject meanings are accumulated in these forms. The paper includes the analysis of singular concepts, such as “gold,” “river,” the stable ties of the concepts, such as “garden — forest,” “flower — bush — tree” and “birds,” “food” and “The human face.” The authors are sure in the relevance of use of the crosscultural research as a tool, especially for a сontrasting dictionary. They come to the conclusion that even though comparing folk songs lexicons that belong to various ethnic traditions is labor intensive, demanding exactness and objective comments, is actually very productive.

Dynamic Nature of Relatedness, or What Kind of Related Variety for Long‐Term Regional Growth

AbstractWe challenge the currently dominating static view of inter‐industry relatedness by investigating the evolution of relatedness linkages between Swedish industries during five sub‐periods between 1991 and 2010. Distinguishing between stable ties (present in all sub‐periods) and non‐stable ties (e.g. emerging, disappearing, etc.), we demonstrate that inter‐industry relatedness linkages change considerably over time. Furthermore, we show that these changes matter for how the co‐location of related industries (related variety) influences regional employment growth – to generate growth the type of local related ties should match with the regional setting. We suggest that, at least partly, the impact of emerging, stable and disappearing ties differs since complementarity potential between related industries becomes depleted over time. In other words, relatedness linkages have a ‘best before date’.

Труд и занятость в агропромышленном комплексе

The article deals with the problems of personnel support for enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. The analysis of the state of the labor market and the needs of specialists in agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming is carried out. The unemployment rate and the number of employees by education level are considered. Recommendations for improving the training system are given. It is necessary to establish stable ties between educational institutions and enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, which will be reflected in the conclusion of agreements for targeted training of specialists.

INFLUENCE OF VIRTUAL REALITY ON THE SPIRITUALITY OF INFORMATION SOCIETY

In this article, we will examine a new understanding of spirituality in the modern information society and the impact of globalization. And also, the socio-philosophical understanding of the nature of spirituality, which is considered as a system of stable ties between man and society, as a way of organizing and existing a value principle in the content of universal human being. Acting as a universal social value and an indispensable element of sociocultural life, spirituality is analyzed in the context of social transformations taking place in the global community. Its religious and secular interpretations, methodology and effectiveness in the cognition of two types of society are studied: consumption and creation in modern globalization.