Spring Wheat Production Research Articles

PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING WHEAT DEPENDING ON GROWING CONDITIONS

Spring wheat is the main grain crop. Stable production of high-quality wheat grain is the key to the country's food independence. Therefore, the study of the elements of growing spring wheat technology, aimed at increasing the productivity of crops, is important. The study of the interaction of plants and microorganisms depending on the level of mineral nutrition in crop planning is currently ofparticular relevance. The use of biological products, growth regulators improves the mineral nutrition of plants, increases productivity and its quality, and also provides savings in mineral fertilizers. In the upper Volga region, the main spring crops are wheat, barley and oats. To further increase them in the region, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the formation of yields and determine the most productive crops depending on the level of nutrition, biological products and growth regulators. The scientific article presents the results of the study of these drugs on the productivity of spring wheat. In field experiments, it was planned to get 30, 40 and 50 tons of grain per hectare. Fertilizers for the planned harvest were made taking into account the agrochemical properties of the soil. From biological products used Flavobacterin, which has a protective effect against diseases and improves product quality, from growth regulators used agrochemicals HUMATE + 7 (10 % liquid concentrate), which is characterized by high biological activity. The yield level was determined taking into account the average long-term moisture supply and qualitative assessment of arable land. The indicators of photosynthetic activity of crops, crop and its structure, quality characteristics of grain and economic efficiency of growing spring wheat in the upper Volga region are presented. As a result of researches the optimum level of mineral nutrition for wheat, the efficacy of agrochemical diazotroph and programming yields of spring wheat, determined the photosynthetic activity of crops and grain yield, calculated economic efficiency of the studied techniques and established the qualitative characteristics of the crop. The program for obtaining the planned wheat yields in the years of the experiments was completed by 68-91 %. Close to the planned the program was implemented using a biological product and growth regulator-74-91 %.

Conservation tillage increases yield and precipitation use efficiency of wheat on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China

Drought is a major limiting factor for rainfed spring wheat production on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. Suitable tillage practices are important for improving precipitation use efficiency (PUE), which is the ratio of grain yield to annual precipitation. To obtain a better understanding of the effects of conservation tillage practices on PUE on the semiarid Loess Plateau, PUE was divided into five steps: precipitation storage efficiency, farmland water consumption rate, ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration, crop transpiration efficiency, and harvest index. Six tillage practices were assessed in this paper, including conventional tillage with no straw (T), no-till with straw cover (NTS), no-till with no straw (NT), conventional tillage with straw incorporated (TS), conventional tillage with plastic mulch (TP), and no-till with plastic mulch (NTP), based on a long-term experiment initiated in 2001. The impact of tillage practices on soil quality, soil water storage, soil evaporation, biomass yield, and grain yield of spring wheat were monitored in 2015 and 2016. The results show that NTS improved soil quality and soil water storage before sowing. No-till with plastic mulch and NTS increased evapotranspiration but decreased evaporation, thus optimizing precipitation storage efficiency, the farmland water consumption rate, the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration, and crop transpiration efficiency, which gave rise to greater aboveground dry matter accumulation and more dry matter accumulation in grain. As a result, grain yield under NTS and NTP was significantly increased by 45 and 41 % compare to T, respectively, with corresponding improvements in PUE of 43 and 39 %. Therefore, both NTS and NTP have potential to substantially increase grain yield of spring wheat and PUE. However, for sustainable intensification in the long-run, NTS is the best combination of tillage and soil surface management for spring wheat production on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China.

The effect of the Megamix preparation and complex mineral fertilizers on germination and photosynthetic productivity of spring wheat

The method of presowing and foliar treatment of spring wheat crops with various growthregulating preparations should be referred to a number of promising techniques that provide increased productivity and quality of crop production. The conducted studies have shown that the highest values of germination energy and laboratory germination during presowing treatment of seeds with experimental preparations were found in the option Megamix-zinc. The use of various modifications of the Megamix preparation for presowing seed inoculation contributes to an increase in the field germination of the experimental crop according to all options, depending on the year of the study. On average, over the years of the research, the used modifications of the Megamix preparation and their combination with mineral fertilizers contribute to an increase in productivity by 0.51–3.23 kg/ha, the best result over control is ensured by the use of the Megamix-zinc modification compared to complex sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers, which is 11.83 %. Thus, the use of experimental preparations and their combinations with complex mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on production processes which ultimately contributes to an increase in the productivity of spring wheat.

ОЦЕНКА ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИ ОБУСЛОВЛЕННОЙ УРОЖАЙНОСТИ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛЬЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЕ РОССИИ

Agroclimatic resources in the main agricultural regions of Russia are changing at a substantial pace. The authors analyze the impact of these changes on the productivity of spring wheat with the technological trend excluded. This climate-based productivity was calculated via the Climate-Soil-Yield (CSY) simulation system with use of meteorological data from 315 observation points in the Roshydromet network for the period from 1976 to 2015. Provided evidence indicates the adequacy of this productivity modeling in the CSY system over a vast territory of the agricultural zone of Russia. Estimates of trends in agroclimatic indicators and climate-based productivity in the main grain-producing regions over the past four decades have been obtained. It is demonstrated that the average increase in air temperature during the vegetation period of spring wheat in 2006-2015 compared to 1976-1985 was from 1.6 to 2.3 °C in the North-Western regions of the European part (EP) of Russia and from 1.0 to 1.3 °C in the central and southern regions. The deficit of available water resources was especially pronounced in the main areas of spring wheat cultivation in the southern and South-Eastern regions of the EP of Russia. Analysis of trends in climate-based productivity of spring wheat by decades indicates different productivity responses to changes in agroclimatic resources in northern and southern regions of its growth. Over the period from 2006 to 2015, relative to 1961-1990, climate-based productivity decreased by 25-30 % in southern and south-eastern parts of European part of Russia and by 10 % in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. In the Urals and Western Siberia, the decrease of climate-based productivity is minor and ranges from 3 to 5 %. In Russia as a whole, trends towards warming caused a drop in the climate-based productivity of spring wheat by approximately 12 % from 1976 to 2015, i. e. the rate of its decline amounted to ~3 % per decade.

The use of bird droppings, mineral and organomineral fertilizers in solving the issue of increasing productivity of agricultural lands of the Trans-Urals

Studies conducted to study the effect of the use of combinations of bird droppings and mineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers on the yield of grain crops in a crop rotation showed that this technique can significantly increase the productivity of arable land. On average, over three years of research, the increase in the use of mineral fertilizers and bird droppings was 45.3–46.6 % higher than in the variant without fertilizers. The use of organic mineral fertilizers obtained on the basis of bird droppings with mineral enrichment highly effective intake, grain productivity of spring wheat and oats even in adverse weather conditions exceeded the control options by 44–47 %. Conducted comparative analysis of the options with mineral fertilizers and organomineral fertilizers showed that the latter are not inferior in direct effect, and in some cases even superior to the mineral counterpart. Comparative production tests have confirmed the significant economic efficiency of using complex organomineral fertilizers compared to its industrial mineral counterpart.

Influence of mineral fertilizers, seed treatment and herbicide on the yield of spring wheat in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan

The paper presents the results of studies on the creation of an optimal nutritional regime with an analysis of weediness of crops with increased pre-sowing treatment of seeds of growth processes and the resistance of the plants themselves under stressful conditions to form a spring wheat crop. In the initial period of spring wheat vegetation, when plants are affected by sharp temperature fluctuations, soil and atmospheric droughts, it is important to stimulate their stable development and resistance to stress. When satisfying the needs of crops for nutrients, it is important to prevent weeding of crops. The purpose of our study is to study the complex effect of mineral fertilizers, the use of a herbicide and presowing seed treatment with a growth regulator on spring wheat productivity. The studies were conducted in 2016-2018 on the basis of Kazan State Agrarian University on gray forest soil. An analysis of the development of plants on weed grown variants revealed a decrease in the safety of seedlings for harvesting, decreased yield by 0.15-0.28 t/ha and reduced grain quality. The average yield of spring wheat over the years of research when using the herbicide against the background without fertilizers was 1.53 t/ha, 2.66 t/ha against the background of NPK to obtain 3 t/ha of grain and 3.22 t/ha against the background of NPK to obtain 4 t/ha of grain. Combined seed treatment with the growth regulator Zircon and dressing agents contributed to an increase in yield in all nutritional backgrounds by another 3.2–4.4% and an increase in the grain nature and gluten content in fertilized nutritional backgrounds.

Влияние предшественников на продуктивность яровой пшеницы

Влияние предшественников на продуктивность яровой пшеницы

The effect of macro- and micro-fertilizers on spring wheat productivity

The purpose of the study was to explore the effectiveness of various modifications of the preparation Megamix and complex macrofertilizers in cultivation of the spring wheat variety Ulyanovskaya 100 in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The factors used in the experiment contribute to a yield increase by 0.37 - 3.12 c / ha. The use of the Megamix-Zinc modification with complex mineral fertilizers gives the greatest yield increase compared with the control group which amounts to 11%. All modifications of the Megamix preparation have a positive effect on the structure elements of the spring wheat yield. The highest test weight is observed in the Megamix-Zinc option with previous application of mineral fertilizers. The increase in this indicator from the factors used was 4.8 - 18.7 g / l, depending on the option. Under the influence of the studied factors, the vitreousness of the spring wheat grain increases by 1.28 5.83%. Top dressing has a positive effect on the weight of 1000 seeds. This indicator increased by 0.49 - 2.80 grams, compared with the control option.

Продуктивність пшениці ярої залежно від фонів живлення в умовах Південного Степу

The results of the influence of pre-sowing seed treatment, the main application of mineral fertilizers and foliar fertilizing with ammonium nitrate, urea, organo-mineral fertilizer D2 or bacterial preparation Escort-bio on the formation of productivity and quality of spring wheat of the Elegia mironovskaya variety are presented. Experimental investigations were carried out on the Chernozem of the South during 2014-2016. In the conditions of the educational, scientific and practical center of the Nikolaev NAU. The results of research showed that the introduction of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers before sowing and foliar fertilizing of spring wheat crops on average over three years provided an increase in grain yield by 1.00–1.58 t/ha in variants with water treatment of seeds and by 1.08–1.72 t/ha when processing seeds with microbial preparation Escort-bio. Pre-sowing treatment of escort-bio seeds contributed to the additional production of 0.14–0.28 t /ha of grain, depending on the fertilizer option. The highest grain yield was formed by applying N30P30 for pre-sowing cultivation, treating seeds with a microbial preparation and carrying out the phase of plant exit into the tube of feeding with ammonium nitrate with a dose of N30. Pre-sowing treatment of escort-bio seeds and foliar fertilizing contributed to an increase in the payback of fertilizers by increasing the yield of spring wheat. The maximum specified indicator is determined by the background of bacterial seed treatment, the main application to the sowing of N30P30 and carrying out two top-UPS with organo-mineral fertilizer D2 or Escort-bio. Application of fertilizers and foliar top-UPS on average over three years increased the protein content of spring wheat by 0.7–1.4 %, and gluten – by 1.2–1.9 %. The maximum both indicators of grain quality are determined in the version of the main application of N30P30 with making-up at the beginning of the earing phase with urea at a dose of N30 –14.9 and 28.1 %. The conditional yield of protein and gluten from a hectare of spring wheat sowing with an improvement in the background of plant nutrition grew and reached maximum values in the variants of N60P30 before sowing or N30P30 before sowing with fertilizing with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N30 in the phase of exit to the tube.

Seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer rate effect on dryland no‐till hard red spring wheat yield and quality

AbstractIncreasing the efficiency of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is vitally important to Montana growers’ bottom line. In semiarid regions of the Northern Great Plains, agronomic practices must aim at maximum capture and utilization efficiency of plant growth resources. Appropriate plant population and N management are important for optimizing wheat yield and quality by enhancing N uptake and improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Field experiments were conducted in 2014 at two locations in northcentral Montana. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of four N levels (0, 28, 84, and 140 kg N ha−1) in dryland no‐till hard red spring wheat seeded at two seeding rate levels (67 and 135 kg ha−1 pure live seed [PLS]). Nitrogen rate significantly improved wheat grain yield, grain protein content, protein yield, and N uptake at both locations, and NUE at one of two locations. The 135 kg ha−1 did not have an advantage over the 67 kg ha−1 PLS seeding rate, resulting in comparable wheat grain parameters, N uptake, and NUE. Wheat yield and quality was highest at 140 kg N ha−1; higher N rate (especially split‐applied) may have improved wheat production (especially grain protein content) further.

Monitoring of the phytosanitary efficiency of pre-sowing spring wheat seed treatment

For the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region, efficiency of preparations for presowing treatment of seeds as regulators of the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses and spring wheat productivity for different regionalized varieties were assessed. To obtain stable phytosanitary agrocenoses, in the Middle Volga region, Kinel Yubileynaya variety should be cultivated with pre-sowing seed treatment using Epin Extra.

The efficiency of the spring wheat production process depending on the seeding rate in the arid zone of Mongolia

The paper presents the experience of assessing the efficiency of the spring wheat production process depending on the seeding rate in the arid zone of Mongolia. The research was conducted in 2017 at the experimental field of PROLOG SYSTEMS LLC (Mongolia). The experiment used different norms of wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 15. Arable chestnut soils for land use in PROLOG SYSTEMS LLC have the light granulometric composition, characterized by a shortage of productive moisture and a low level of potential fertility. Low availability of humus, alkaline reaction, very low availability of mobile phosphorus, low-exchange potassium significantly reduce the productivity of the company’s fields. The evaluation of wheat biometric indicators revealed the dependence of plant height, spikelets number in the ear and productive bushiness on the seeding rate. A lower seeding rate in the arid zone of Mongolia reduces species competition between plants before the bushiness phase, but increases it in later phases of plant development due to the increased productive bushiness. Also, crops of wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 15 in Mongolia with an optimal seeding rate of 140-180 kg/ha had more intensive growth, maximum yield and minimum lodging compared with a higher seeding rate of 210-230 kg/ha. The decrease in the seeding rate is permissible in hot and arid conditions of Mongolia, while the presence of productive moisture in the spring period will be a determining factor.

Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in no‐till hard red spring wheat production

AbstractThere is a need to develop more efficient nutrient management strategies to maximize wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields and increase grain protein levels. Urea, most widely used N fertilizer, is susceptible to substantial losses, resulting in low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). This study assessed the effect of N and K fertilization on hard red spring wheat production under dryland no‐till conditions in Montana. A field experiment was conducted during one growing season at two locations in Northcentral Montana. Fertilizer N was applied as urea (46–0–0) or as a urea–KCl (50:50 blend) at planting to achieve two target N rates, 135 and 270 kg N ha−1. Biomass weight, N content, and sensor‐based Normalized Vegetative Difference Index (NDVI), yield, test weight, and grain protein content of wheat was evaluated. Results indicated that: (a) N may increase wheat grain quality (protein content) even when wheat yield is not increased, (b) KCl application, along with N, may result in greater wheat biomass production and grain protein values, and (c) NDVI may be more sensitive to the amount of produced biomass than to N content of that biomass. In conclusion, even if yield response to N is minimal, N is beneficial for improving grain protein content of wheat. Addition of KCl along with N may produce greater wheat biomass and increase biomass N content. The NDVI may be more sensitive to the amount of produced biomass than to its N content.

Productivity and accumulation of heavy metals in grain of various genotypes of spring durum wheat under conditions of soil contamination with cadmium and zinc

The developed industry has an adverse effect on the ecological state of the environment, accompanied by the accumulation of harmful substances in the soil, including heavy metals. Therefore, thecreation of technogenically resistant varieties of agricultural crops is one of the components of environmentally friendly technologies. This study is aimed at studying various genotypes of spring durum wheatfor their resistance to the accumulation of cadmium and zinc in grain, which is a commercial part ofthe product. The content of the studied heavy metals in the soil of the root zone of various genotypesof spring durum wheat was investigated. The accumulation of the studied elements in seeds was determined, which is the most important studied indicator. The indices of productivity and survival of springdurum wheat genotypes were investigated in the field of natural pollution of the environment with heavymetals. The most stable and sensitive to the action of cadmium and zinc genotypes were revealed. Thestructure of spring wheat productivity from the collection and the relationship of its elements wereanalyzed. The identified resistant genotypes are recommended for further study of their productivityand survival in weather conditions of the East Kazakhstan region in field experiments to identify formspromising for agricultural production.Key words: cadmium, zinc, spring durum wheat.

Nitrogen fertilizer rate and time effect on dryland no‐till hard red spring wheat production

AbstractIncreasing the efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is vital for Montana growers’ sustainability and competitiveness in the market. Nitrogen fertilizer applications at the right rate and time in the growing season are important for optimizing wheat grain yield and quality. Two dryland field experiments were conducted in North Central Montana in 2014. The effects of N fertilizer rates (28, 84, and 140 kg N ha−1) and application times (seeding, tillering, jointing, and flag leaf emergence) on grain yield, test weight, protein content, protein yield, grain N uptake, and N use efficiency (NUE) were evaluated. Wheat grain yield and protein content was the highest with N fertilizer applied at 140 kg N ha−1 rate at tillering. Delaying N fertilizer until flag leaf resulted in significantly lower wheat yields and grain protein values. It is possible that higher N rates would have allowed to maximize both yield and protein content. Nitrogen use efficiency was the highest with N fertilization at tillering and jointing. Nitrogen response trials coupled with historical yield records did not provide accurate estimates of optimum N rates. Close monitoring of crop nutrient status throughout the growing season (using destructive sampling and/or crop sensors), coupled with appropriate preplant soil testing, and splitting N applications to tailor N supply with crop demand should help to improve NUE.

The effect of watering rates on spring wheat productivity and grain quality under conditions of artificial climate

Purpose. To study the effects of watering rates on spring wheat productivity, earliness, grain quality and to determine water consumption per 1 gram of grain with the plants under conditions of artificial climate. Methods. The experiments were conducted according to recommended practice (1985) on the spring wheat varieties Myronivska rannia and Myronivska yara which were grown in Mitscherlich pots under conditions of artificial climate chamber КV-1R under the lamps FRLF-400 + LN-500. Light exposure was 16 hours. The air temperature was 10–12 °С before tillering and 18–20 °С in the next stages. Daily watering rate was 50, 150, 250 ml/pot during the whole growing season or 50, 250–150 ml/pot depending on the stage of plant development. Results. Different watering rates had significant effects on spring wheat productivity and on growing season duration, as well as on the amount of water used per 1gram of grain. Thus, with low daily watering rate (50 ml/pot) plant productivity of the spring wheat varieties Myronivska rannia and Myronivska yara was comparatively low (7.0 g and 5.4 g of grain per pot), while watering rate of 250 ml ensured maximum possible grain yield per pot (23.0 g and 20.4 g, respectively). With low watering rate, the growing season duration was shorter (66 and 73 days for the varieties), while with the maximum rate (250 ml/pot) it was 79 and 84 days. Decrease in the seeding rate (from 20 to 15 plants per pot) led to an increase in plant productivity (1.71 g of grain per plant vs. 1.02 g), which ultimately affected the total grain yield per pot (25.6 g for 15 plants per pot and 22.4 g for 20 ones). Thus, at watering rate 250 ml, the water consumption per 1 g of grain was 1.02 l (20 plants in pot) and 0.79 l (15 plants). Conclusions. Spring wheat productivity under conditions of artificial climate at watering rate 250 ml/pot significantly exceeded it at rates 50 and 150 ml. As for grain quality, the variety-specific reaction to the conditions of watering plants was decisive. Decrease in watering rates caused decrease in 1000 kernel weight. With different watering rates, water consumption per 1 g of grain ranged from 0.57 l to 1.02 l. The results obtained can be used to calculate water consumption during irrigation and in modern phytocomplexes as well.

Реакция яровой пшеницы на внесение соломы озимой ржи в севообороте с разными видами пара

The yield data of spring wheat cultivated in a crop rotation after winter rye with straw entering is presented. The work is part of the research of stationary field experiment on the study of primary tillage systems (factor A): dump (control), and non-moldboard. The experimental design (factor B) represents different types of fallows (2014) in combination with the introduction of winter rye straw in 2015 and 2018: 1 — pure fallow (control); 2 — pure fallow + straw; 3 — pure fallow + cattle manure 60 t/ha; 4 — pure fallow + manure + straw; 5 — green-manured fallow (white mustard) + straw; 6 — green-manured fallow (clover 1 year of use) + straw. Types of fallow with straw are split (factor C) by the addition of nitrogen. The straw introduction in the rotation with clean fallow reduced the wheat yield, regardless of the tillage system and the nitrogen introduction at the beginning of rotation by 4.8%, at the end — 15.6%. The use of green-manured mustard and clover fallows, the manure introduction into fallow reduced the depressive effect of straw on wheat productivity by 4.8–13.3% in comparison with the control, and by 10.2–19.1% in the combination of straw with pure fallow. When straw was re-applied, wheat yield on green-manured fallow was at the control level — pure fallow and was 17.2–15.9% higher than the variant of combining straw with pure fallow. The introduction of straw in combination with manured fallow contributed to the formation of the highest grain yield of spring wheat. Non-moldboard tillage with a surface incorporation of straw contributed to a decrease in wheat productivity by 0.41–0.31 t/ha in comparison with the plowdown of straw. The introduction of nitrogen against this background ensured the formation of spring wheat productivity at the level of dump tillage: 2.78 and 2.88 t/ha. The elimination of nitrogen during non-moldboard tillage significantly reduced the wheat yield.

Gumiton - New Organo-Mineral Complex to In-crease the Productivity of Agricultural Cultures

Given the composition and properties of new organo-mineral complex based on peat GUMITON. The charac-teristics of peat required for the production GUMITON. Con-ducted production tests GUMITON in farms of different owner-ship forms, on different types of soils, crops and potatoes. It is shown that the use of GUMITON in the cultivation of grain crops increased the productivity of spring wheat – by 15-22%; winter wheat by 17-40%; barley – by 19.5-23%; triticale – by 13-14%. The protein content in grain of winter wheat in the pro-cessing GUMITON increased up to 2.1%; spring wheat – up to 2.1%, in triticale grain – up to 1.3% compared to untreated crops. Collection of triticale protein (centner/ha) increased by 21-27%. The use of GUMITON is a highly effective method of increasing potato yield in agricultural technologies. The use of GUMITON allowes to increase the yield by 12-36% and to obtain an addi-tional crop of potato tubers on floodplain soil up to 5.7 t/ha, on soddy-podzolic soil - up to 9.8 t/ha; and on gray forest soil – up to 10.0 t/ha, depending on the variety.

Вплив біопрепаратів біонорма азот та біонорма фосфор на продуктивність пшениці твердої ярої

Ukraine is an agricultural country, so it is extremely important to use fertilizers that are environmentally safe and efficient. Today, biological products can be an alternative to chemical plant protection products. With their help, we can get yield growth and high quality. The influence of biological products of Bionorma Nitrogen and Bionorma Phosphorus on the productivity of durum spring wheat of the «Isolda» and «Heritage» varieties in the forest-steppe conditions of Ukraine is presented in the research. The varieties used were the most sensitive to fertilizing, which is why they were selected for research. Bionorma Nitrogen is a preparation of free-living and associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria that is used to improve the nitrogen supply of a wide range of crops. The Bionorm Phosphorus includes soil spore bacteria and micromycetes, which are characterized by high phosphate-mobilizing activity. The drug is intended to improve the phosphorus nutrition of crops. Given the conditions of cultivation and the use of these varieties, it is recommended to use the preparations of Bionoram Nitrogen, Bionorma Phosphorus and their combination, because, according to the results of experiments, the plants after the above biofertilizers have high rates of productive stems. It was also found that the «Heritage» variety responded better to the use of biological and fertilizers than the «Isolda» variety.

Productivity of spring grain crops depending on the method of basic treatment of the soil in the grain-cultivated crop rotation

Three-year scientific observations showed that in the arid conditions of the Saratov Trans-Volga region on dark chestnut soils in a grain-cultivated crop rotation before sowing spring wheat and barley, the highest soil density was after the minimum cultivation - 1.25 g/cm3. Plowing to a depth of 23–25 cm contributed to a decrease in the density of addition in the arable layer compared to subsurface cultivation by 9%, and compared to the minimal one – by 13%. Minimal treatment with a disc harrow BDM 7 Ch 3 to a depth of 10–12 cm reduced the permeability of dark chestnut soil by 38% in the first hour of observation and by 51% after the fourth hour compared to plowing. Before sowing spring early-ripening crops, the maximum moisture accumulation in the soil in a layer of 50–100 and 0–100 cm was after deep non-dump cultivation (13.9 and 15.7%), which was 1.5 and 0.5% more than the control values. During the tillering phase of spring wheat and barley, the maximum moisture content of the upper soil layer was noted in the control and after combined treatment (15.7–15.8%). The combined main processing of dark chestnut soils of the Saratov Trans-Volga region provided an increase in the yield of spring early crops by 0.8–3.0%. Minimization of soil cultivation reduced the productivity of barley and spring wheat by 23.3–28.2%, subsurface cultivation by 8.3–9.4% compared with the control. The coefficient of variation in the yield of spring wheat and barley by the main processing methods in 2017 was average and amounted to 11.3–15.2%, in 2018 it was insignificant - 6.3–6.9%, and in 2019 it was significant - 23, 5–40.9%.