Spread Of Higher Education Research Articles

Imbalance Between Supply and Demand in Chinas Labor Market Facing by the Graduates

With the spread of higher education, the number of university graduates in China continues to increase. Nonetheless, the absence of social interest has truly impacted the work possibilities of college graduates. Moreover, the world economy has still not fully recovered from the impact of the epidemic. Chinas unemployment rate remains at a high level, and the hole among metropolitan and rustic regions in China is clearly as well. This paper analyzes the fact of the low employment rate among Chinese college graduates, focusing on the argument that it is not solely due to individual factors such as psychlogical reasons or city preferences for future employment. Behind this, there exists an imbalance in the supply and demand relationship within the current labor market in China. Finally, the paper puts forward suggestions to ensure Chinas labour supply from the aspects of career planning of college students, corresponding government policy reform, industrial structure adjustment, and active assistance of enterprises.

Rethinking Maritime Education and Training for Generation Z Students

Every country’s economy depends on workforce competencies that are developed mostly by education systems, in which institutions of higher education play an important role. With the spread of higher education and the continuous development of opportunities for lifelong learning, higher education institutions are facing challenges organising education by addressing the needs and preferences of different generations. As research shows, different generations have various learning preferences, needs and goals in life, and education. To organise teaching and learning activities effectively (now and in the future), educational institutions need to understand the characteristics of the multi-generational student population, and the tendencies in future changes to the student population. This is important for many industries, including the maritime industry. To supply young talent to the maritime industry, maritime education and training also need to take into account the future workforce and the needs of industry, in terms of new challenges, such as technological changes, sustainability goals, decarbonisation, and the blue economy. This paper presents an analysis of the changes in the student population at the World Maritime University higher education institution over the last five years, with a special focus on Generation Z. Insights into the organisation of effective education to address the needs of the maritime industry are presented based on the tendencies identified.

The Economic and Social Dimension of Innovative Approaches in Sustainable Agricultural Policies and the Role of Municipalities

In recent years, intensive legal regulations aimed at the production of urban areas in Türkiye, the phenomenon of migration, the spread of higher education, abnormal cost increases in agricultural activities have accelerated urbanization. Parallel to the increase in the urban population, the food supply remains insufficient. The inability to increase the production of food products brings with it problems such as malnutrition, inflation, foreign trade deficit, food security. The natural areas harbored by rural and urban areas are shrinking and being destroyed by the pressure of rapid urbanization. In addition to the abandonment of rural areas, the food crisis that has arisen as a result of the intervention of the urbanization process in agricultural areas has increased the responsibility of the central government and municipalities. In order to meet the food needs of the population and implement sustainable agricultural policies, municipalities are taking different and innovative approaches. Municipalities are making direct and indirect attempts to provide people with cheap and reliable food. In this study, the activities carried out by the municipalities in Türkiye to support sustainable agriculture and their economic and social effects were examined.

Women entrepreneurship performance with special reference to Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

Entrepreneurs play a key role in economic activity. They have skills and good new ideas to market and make the right decisions to make the idea. In this dynamic world, women entrepreneurs are a significant part of the global expedition for sustained economic development and social progress. Due to the growing industrialization, urbanization, social legislation and along with the spread of higher education and awareness, the emergence of Women owned businesses are highly increasing in the economies of almost all countries. The increasing presence of women in the business field as entrepreneurs has changed the demographic characteristics of business and economic growth of the country. Women entrepreneurs faces many genders related challenges they face in the competitive business world with their male counterparts. Even, women enterprises are playing a more active role in the society and in the economy. This study focused on the role and contribution of women entrepreneurs, women entrepreneur’s capability and performance, government initiatives and promotions and problems faced by urban and rural women entrepreneurs and suggestions for future prospects for development of women entrepreneurs, especially in the district of Visakhapatnam.

Fundamental Science, Technological Innovation, and Business. A Brief History of Their Interrelation

The paper considers the major theoretical concepts of the interrelation between higher education systems, science, technological system, and business in creating and disseminating innovations. The purpose of the paper is to consider motivations of the main actors of these systems and problems of interaction between them. Each of such systems creates its own institutions and types of organizations based on their missions. Initially, science had minor effect on creating and disseminating innovations, while higher education and scientific activities were closely linked to each other in European universities. Along with the spread ofhigher education, the links between science and the development of technology are becoming closer because of wider opportunities for information dissemination and appearance of new relevant institutions. It was the state who played a special role in the formation of our modern innovation system that brought new problems to the development of science and business. However, it is business who would play a main role in the creation of an effective innovation system. The development of science requires new subject areas, staff rotation, and discussions, as well as to enlighten the public.

Masculinity in the Sikh Community in Italy and Spain: Expectations and Challenges

Since the 1990s, the Sikh community in India has entered a phase of considerable socioeconomic and demographic transformation that is caused by the large-scale practice of female feticide, the spread of higher education among women, and the mass emigration of unskilled men to the Western countries. These changes have a great impact on the traditional configuration of gender roles and disrupt the construction of masculinity in the Sikh community in India and in the diaspora. Based on ethnographic observations and 64 in-depth interviews with Sikh immigrants in Spain (26) and Italy (22) and their relatives in India (16), this paper first explores the expectations of masculinity in the Sikh community in Italy and Spain; and second, analyses the challenges that are imposed by the socioeconomic and demographic transformation in the Indian Sikh community and the social environment in the host countries on the construction of masculinity in the Sikh community in both countries.

Impact of British Raj on the Education System in India: The Process of Modernization in the Princely States of India – The case of Mohindra College, Patiala

British rule is said to have been responsible for the modernization witnessed in the Indian civilization. The impact of this process was quiet evident from the changes adopted by the Indians in their life style, thinking processes, attires, food and education. Besides the advancements made in the spheres of roads, transports, postal services etc, their rule acted as a significant period of transition from the indigenous style of education to western education. The foundations were laid by the East India Company and the Christian Missionaries to employ Indians for administrative tasks as well as to serve their political, economical and colonial interests. Originally the access to education was limited to the royal families, as the British were of the opinion that Indians could become aware of their rights and positions and protest against their Raj posing a threat to the British establishment in India. Lord Curzon’s efforts in the 20th century gave way to spread of higher education within the masses and channelized Indian education system. However the rulers of the Princely States in of India who were granted autonomy by the British to manage their own kingdoms acted as major agents to undertake the social and educational reforms within their territories. With the spread of education from elementary to higher levels, many new schools, universities and other institutions were developed during this period which are symbols of educational advancement as well as hold high architectural merit. Patiala, aprime princely state is a well known academic centre also important for its rich culture since the British Raj. Education in Patiala originated under the Maharajas with the opening of the school of languages in 1860A.D. With the introduction of Mahindra College (the first Degree College in a city) in 1870, became came an important educational centre. It was the only college between Delhi and Lahore for a long time that promoted contemporary higher learning in Northern India. The historic college building represents an aesthetic mix of regional interpretation of Indo-Saracenic style of architecture. Later on many educational institutes catering to medical facilities, sports education etc. was set up in this princely state. This paper is thus an attempt to explore the education reforms during the British Raj, the changes that happened and their triggers. It also brings out reforms initiated in Princely States specifically Patiala as a seat of learning and a detailed study of the Mohindra College, Patiala, that represents an excellent example of educational institutions developed during the 19th century. The present study was done as a part of an academic project undertaken during Masters of Architecture under the able guidance of Prof Kiran Joshi..

Overeducation in the labour market

Motivation: Many new phenomena which the Polish economy had never seen before transition manifested themselves. The society showed greater interest in higher education and the market for education services expanded, increasing the number of colleges and universities. This helped the spread of higher education, which for years determined the level of human capital represented by the supply of labour. Today’s labour market in Poland is showing signs of imbalance. One of the reasons involves overeducation. The phenomenon has been known since the 1970s. It was then described for the first time in pertinent literature, with the US where overeducation occurred on a large scale and where it had a number of adverse effects across the entire economy having been used as an example. It seems important to understand and analyse the reasons for the emergence and perpetuation of this phenomenon on the Polish labour market and to indicate its implication. Aim: The paper aims to present and discuss overeducation in terms of selected economic theories, identify its causes in Poland and further to determine the economic and social implications of the persistence of the phenomenon in the long run. Results: Based on the author’s analysis, it can be concluded that overeducation is a complex phenomenon. It is possible to identify several reasons for its occurrence and long-drawn persistence on the Polish labour market. Some of the reasons have to do with the dynamic growth of the labour market and the educational services sector, society’s desire to gain higher education, structural mismatches in the labour market and a common education policy at the EU level. Overedutaion has far-reaching consequences, both for the entire economy and the single participant of the labour market alike. The fact of its occurrence determines the processes taking place in the labour market.

Внешние эффекты высшего образования в экономике современной России

Manifested in the form of impact on a salary level the external effect of higher
 education dissemination has been investigated in this work. Econometric
 models are constructed with the use of Russia regions’ statistics. Manifestation
 of higher education distribution’s external effect in the form of general salary
 level increase and salary increase of persons who don´t have the higher
 education has been established. In the period 2000–2010 in the Russian
 economy the spread of higher education among the employed population by
 14.9 % determined the salary level of persons who did not have higher
 education. The spread of higher education among the employed population in
 conjunction with the capital-labor ratio by 80.5% determined in the Russian
 economy the salary level of persons who did not have higher education.

The Spread of Higher Education Around the Globe

Many nation-states have realized the importance of tertiary education and the world has seen a corollary increase in tertiary education enrollments. Using Berry and Berry’s event history model as a framework, this study tests both the internal features of each country and the influence that nation-states have on each other with regard to setting tertiary enrollment policies. As expanding tertiary education is an important policy worldwide, we use Trow’s classification to define two levels of tertiary education expansion: first, increasing gross tertiary enrollment rates above 15% (from elite to massified), and second, above 50% (from massified to universal). Analyzing a unique cross-national panel dataset, which spans the time period from 1999 to 2005, our findings show that both internal determinants (secondary education participation rates and the political landscape) as well as diffusion factors (proximity to a pioneering nation and regional variables) influence nations in setting tertiary enrollment policies.

FORMACIÓN CONTABLE EN LAS UNIVERSIDADES: EL ROL DEL CONTADOR EN LAS MYPES DENTRO EL ACTUAL CONTEXTO

El divorcio entre la teoría dictada en las aulas universitarias y la práctica real de una carrera universitaria, es un reflejo de la brecha existente entre universidad y realidad, y si a esta situación le añadimos el efecto que tiene la crisis recesiva global y la masificación de la educación superior, nos encontramos con una universidad que necesariamente debe renovarse y adecuarse a las necesidades y retos actuales. En nuestro país, uno de los caminos para hacer frente al contexto recesivo internacional hay sido las MYPES, que en lo referente a temas como generación de empleo, mejora de la competitividad, inclusión de la cooperación y asociatividad, promoción de las exportaciones y sobre todo el crecimiento de nuestro país son un elemento clave, pero que en los últimos tiempos se ha caracterizado por desenvolverse dentro de un escenario cambiante y poco estable. Ante tal situación, es relevante plantearnos, que formación recibe el contador en la universidad para desempeñar un rol adecuado en la MYPE. La Conclusión de tan interesante revisión es que, las limitaciones que enfrenta el contador y que impiden explotar su potencial dentro de la MYPE tienen su raíz en la desarticulación entre universidad y contexto económico-social actual.

Ejes para la elaboración de una política para la educación superior.

This document is based on the following premise: higher education is essential for the country's development. The introduction therefore reviews the policies adopted as of the mid 1990s to date that form the framework for future progress. The paper then goes on to address the issues on which the authors intend to focus the discussion to design a higher education policy for the next administration. Questions are proponed for each subject with regard to which policy guidelines should be defined: the massive spread of higher education as a result -on the one hand- of the huge increase in coverage of secondary education in recent decades and -on the other- the response in the supply of higher education institutions; the amount and distribution of state contributions, the way the system is regulated, and problems regarding quality. Lastly, the paper addresses the need to modernize universities that are part of the Council of University Presidents in four areas: institutional framework, management, curriculum and financing models.

Effectiveness of 2-Year Colleges and the Performance of Their Graduates in the Japanese Labor Market

This article empirically examines the spread of higher education in Japan and the resulting changes in labor quality in the last two decades. This study uses the Divisia index numbers to measure the labor quality and quality-adjusted labor supply. It points out that quality might have declined rapidly in the recent past among higher educated workers, particularly those with technical and junior college education. This result suggests that the Japanese government should adjust its policy to develop its human resources to focus not only on the relatively low educated or the unemployed workers but also on those with higher educational preparation.

Sex Behavior and the American Class Structure: A Mosaic

Close parallels in ancient Rome and present-day America suggest that the sexual revolutions in both societies were significantly influenced by the existential conditions that they confronted at the height of their powers. At the same time, each was constrained in its sociocultural responses by the nature of its social-class structure. In America we must examine the ethos of each of six broad strata to comprehend in detail the nature of the American sexual revolution. When we do, we see that many of the changes in our sexual mores and behav ior can be traced to recent changes in the social-class structure. The spread of higher education among the middle class has meant that a substantial portion of American adolescents are regularly exposed to a social setting in which their sexual behavior is governed essentially by the adolescents themselves. Such a situation could not help but be more permissive than that which prevailed before the modern period. Moreover, since a substantial portion of the population is now embraced by the middle classes, a growing portion of the population is exposed to this permissive sexual environment. The sexual revolution in America, therefore, is largely a blend of existential and structural pressures impinging upon only a segment of the total population.