Optimization of the extraction of phenolic compounds from Eryngium caeruleum using ultrasound and nanoencapsulation of the resulting extract via spray drying and freeze drying.

Effect of formulation composition on stability and aerosol performance of respirable high load monoclonal antibody powders.

Mechanism of highland barley glutenin regulating starch digestion based on core-shell structure: Effect of varying amylose content.

The goal of the dry emulsion formulation is to decrease the adverse effects of drugs and increase their bioavailability. Because they are formulations that are both physically and microbiologically stable, dry emulsions are appealing. For lipophilic and poorly soluble medicinal compounds, they offer a possible oral drug administration method. Liquid o/w emulsions with a solid carrier in the aqueous phase are dried to create dry emulsion. Spray drying, lyophilization, and rotary evaporation are methods for creating dry emulsions. Lactose, mannitol, and maltodextrins are organic filters used in the preparation of dry emulsion. The oils employed in this study are olive oil, sesame oil, and peppermint oil. Pre-formulation experiments revealed that HPMC was the ideal gum for making dry emulsion, while mannitol was the organic filler. It was discovered through observations that the drug’s stability and bioavailability were improved by manufacturing it as a dry emulsion. Keywords: Dry emulsion, solid carriers, lyophilization

Ferrites constitue an important class of ferrimagnétique oxide materials which have been extensively investigated due to their interesting magnetic and electrical properties and wide range of technological applications. Among the different types of ferrites, hexagonal ferrites, particularly M-type magnetoplumbites such as BaFe₁₂O₁₉ and SrFe₁₂O₁₉, are of considerable importance because of their high magnetocrystalline anisotropy, large coercive force, moderate saturation magnetization and good chemical stability. In the present review, the crystal structures of spinel, garnet and hexagonal ferrites are discussed with emphasis on the S, R and T structural blocks and their influence on magnetic exchange interactions and anisotropy. Various synthesis techniques including conventional ceramic method, co-precipitation, sol–gel, hydrothermal, spray drying and glass crystallization methods are briefly described in relation to phase formation and microstructural development. The effect of cation substitution, particularly coupled substitutions such as Co²⁺–Ti⁴⁺, Zn²⁺–Ti⁴⁺ and Ni²⁺–Sn⁴⁺, on magnetic and dielectric properties has been highlighted. The importance of these materials in permanent magnets, microwave devices, electromagnetic wave absorption and other high-frequency applications is also presented.

ABSTRACT The rising demand for functional low-calorie ingredients with improved powder stability has increased interest in soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) as alternatives to conventional maltodextrins. These fibers differ in molecular structure and water interaction, influencing their ability to form stable amorphous matrices during spray drying. However, direct comparative evaluations of their intrinsic physicochemical and thermal properties remain limited. This study compared commercial Orafti® inulin (inulin), TIC PRETESTED® GUM ARABIC FT POWDER (gum arabic), Nutriose®FB 06 (nutriose), and STA-LITE®III Polydextrose (polydextrose) to elucidate their structure – function relationships as standalone glass formers. Each fiber was characterized for moisture content, water activity, solubility, hygroscopicity, morphology (field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), particle size distribution (PSD), universal attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (UATR-FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (X-RD), water sorption isotherm WSI , and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All fibers exhibited very high solubility > 99 % , with inulin achieving 100 ± 0.00 % . Gum arabic showed the highest moisture content 7.22 ± 0.001 % but the lowest water activity 0.167 ± 0.008 , while polydextrose recorded the highest a W 0.335 ± 0.01 . Hygroscopicity ranged from 0.000063 g H 2 O g − 1 solid 24 h − 1 (inulin) to 0.000085 g H 2 O g − 1 solid 24 h − 1 (gum arabic). The Guggenheim – Anderson – de Boer (GAB) model accurately described sorption data R 2 > 0.90 , revealing differences in monolayer moisture 0.062 − 0.175 and multilayer adsorption. Gum arabic and nutriose exhibited higher glass transition temperatures 124.19 ± 1.00 deg C − 102.19 ± 1.00 deg C , respectivley , indicating greater resistance to plasticization, whereas inulin showed lowest T g 43.52 ± 1.00 deg C due to its semi-crystalline structure. Overall, synthetic resistant dextrins (gum arabic and nutriose) provided the most balanced performance in solubility, hygroscopic stability, and thermal resistance, supporting their potential use as sustainable glass formers in spray-dried food systems with extended shelf life

Correction to “A Comparative Study of RSM and ANN Models for Predicting Spray Drying Conditions for Encapsulation of <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> ”

Spray-dried polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced vodobatinib oral dissolution kinetics: formulation design and effects of hydrophobic co-core.

Facile preparation of dual pH/thermo-responsive MOF@chitosan hydrogel microspheres through reactive spray drying for sustained curcumin release and enhanced hemostasis.

The incorporation of probiotic bacteria into active packaging systems represents an innovative strategy to enhance food preservation while delivering health benefits to consumers. This review discusses the selection criteria for probiotic strains focusing on their resistance to environmental stressors, antimicrobial activity, and viability in different food matrices and their integration into edible films and coatings. Polysaccharides, proteins, and hydrocolloids are widely used as biopolymeric matrices due to their biocompatibility and functional properties. The efficiency of probiotic packaging largely depends on three factors: the choice of strain, the encapsulation technique (such as spray drying, emulsification, or electrospinning), and the properties of the matrix material. These packaging systems demonstrate strong antimicrobial activity through multiple mechanisms, including bacteriocin production, competition for adhesion sites, and acidification. Applications in dairy, meat, fish, and fresh produce reveal the potential of these technologies to delay spoilage, reduce pathogenic microorganisms, inhibit lipid oxidation, and maintain nutritional and sensory qualities. Moreover, studies emphasize that combining probiotics with prebiotic compounds can improve both microbial stability and functional performance. Despite promising results, challenges remain regarding the industrial scalability and long-term stability of these systems under varied storage conditions. Future research should focus on optimizing formulation parameters, expanding applications across diverse food categories, and integrating smart packaging technologies. Altogether, probiotic-based edible packaging aligns with current demands for sustainable, health-oriented food solutions.

Spray-dried soy protein/tamarind seed polysaccharide/tea polyphenol ternary complexes with enzymatic and natural crosslinking enhance probiotic viability.

Microencapsulation of lemongrass oil by spray drying: Role of emulsion size, oil loading, and inlet air temperature on flavor retention and release kinetics

Fish gelatins (FG) are increasingly studied and implemented as substitutes for mammalian tissue-derived gelatins in microencapsulation owing to dietary, religious and health considerations. In this study, gelatin extracted from salmon skin (including two different hydrolysates), salmon bone and cod head were screened with respect to composition, molecular weight distribution and interfacial tension. Gelatins were used in combination with gum acacia (GA) and maltodextrin (FG:MD:GA = 1:2:1 and 2:1:1) for the microencapsulation of salmon oil via spray drying and the resulting oxidative stability of the oil was analysed. The effects of FG:GA ratio, oil to wall ratio and wall composition were investigated. All the fish gelatins and FG:GA combinations were found to lower interfacial tension and to form stable microcapsules after spray drying, with microencapsulation yields >85 % for all systems. The morphology of the microcapsules varied from mononuclear via multicore structures to grape-like aggregates depending on the source of the fish gelatin used and the FG:GA ratio. For example, microcapsules made using salmon bone gelatin showed a mononuclear morphology, compared to graping observed when using salmon skin gelatin under the same conditions. Overall, salmon bone and cod head gelatins were found to provide better protection against oxidation than the gelatins from salmon skin, both directly after spray drying and after storage for 6 months. For example, the peroxide values using salmon bone and cod head gelatin were 80 % and 71 %, respectively of the values obtained with salmon skin gelatin after 6 months storage. The differences in performance are discussed in terms of gelatin source, molecular weight and FG:GA interactions, with gelatin source having the most significant impact on oxidation. • Fish gelatin was derived from different species (cod and salmon) and parts of the fish. • Interfacial tension measurements reveal differences in film-forming ability of the gelatins. • Microencapsulation yields were >85 % for all systems studied. • Salmon bone and cod head gelatins outperform salmon skin gelatins in terms of oxidation. • Source of fish gelatin was found to have the most significant impact on oxidation over time.

Microencapsulation of high loaded algae oil powders: Spray drying of electrostatic self-assembled emulsion stabilized by SPI and cellulose nanocrystals

This study aims to establish a multi-objective spray drying process optimization framework, with andrographolide (ADG) amorphous solid dispersion serving as a model drug. The proposed framework integrates Box-Behnken design (BBD), artificial neural networks (ANN), and an adaptive grey wolf optimizer (AGWO). Molecular docking was employed to screen potential polymeric carriers, and in vitro dissolution experiments were conducted to identify the carrier with the best solubilizing performance. Single-factor experiment and BBD trial were carried out to evaluate the effects of key process parameters on energy consumption, drying loss, drug release, and yield. A multi-response ANN model was then developed based on BBD data. To enhance the model's generalization ability and account for process variability, virtual samples were introduced to augment the training dataset. AGWO was subsequently applied to perform inverse optimization and identify the optimal process parameter combination. Experimental validation demonstrated good agreement with the model predictions. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses confirmed the amorphous transformation of ADG and its satisfactory short-term physical stability. The proposed method provides a feasible and intelligent strategy for multi-objective optimization in pharmaceutical formulation development.

Excessive sodium consumption is a global public health problem that demands technological innovations in processed foods. This study aimed to reduce the sodium content in extruded corn snacks while maintaining perceived saltiness by substituting common salt with compound microparticles (70% NaCl, 30% starch). Two drying methods were evaluated: spray drying and conventional oven drying. The snacks were subjected to physicochemical, instrumental (texture and colour), density, porosity, microstructural, and sensory analyses (intensity scale, n = 104). The results demonstrated that the particles obtained by spray drying allowed a 28% reduction in the final sodium content without statistically differing in saltiness perception compared to the control. In contrast, the oven treatment reduced saltiness perception compared to the standard. Images obtained by scanning electron microscopy, along with porosity measurements, demonstrated a significant increase in porosity in the spray-dried sample. This allows rapid dissolution of the salt in the mouth, maintaining a salty taste even with reduced sodium content. It was concluded that the use of salt-starch microparticles via spray drying was a viable strategy for producing snacks with reduced sodium content without compromising sensory quality.

The present study explores the possibility of combining membrane concentration, spray drying, and low-temperature precipitation into a single process for the valorization of spent lavender biomass as a source of ingredients rich in antioxidants. Lavender spent plant material was subjected to solid-liquid extraction, and the obtained hydroalcoholic extracts were further concentrated using a dead-end membrane filtration cell (METcell) with a polyamide-urea thin-film composite X201 membrane. The feed and the obtained retentate were subsequently spray dried using a Nano Spray Dryer B-90 (BÜCHI) under different temperature conditions (120 °C and 85 °C). Low-temperature precipitation was further applied for the retentate. An eight-fold concentration of the extracts was achieved, with membrane rejection coefficients of 100% for antioxidant activity and 98.5% for dry solids content. The permeate flux ranged from 2.25 to 0.201 L·m-2·h-1. Spray drying at a lower inlet temperature resulted in minimal losses for antioxidant activity (below 6%). The low-temperature storage of the membrane concentrate led to clear phase separation, allowing for the recovery of a precipitated fraction. The obtained results demonstrate that the integrated approach may support the sustainable and scalable valorization of lavender by-products.

This study evaluated the microencapsulation of sophorolipids, which are antimicrobial and antioxidant biosurfactant produced by Starmerella bombicola, aiming to expand their potential applications within the food industry. The microcapsules of sophorolipids were developed using maltodextrin (MD) and Arabic gum (GA) as wall materials through spray drying. Parameters such as encapsulation efficiency, yield, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and microcapsules morphology were assessed. The results showed that the formulation containing 9g of sophorolipid had the highest yield (59.33%) and best encapsulation efficiency (38.1%) with a particle size of 1.432±89µm, however, its zeta point value was considered minimally stable (-7.75 mV). The formulation with 6g of sophorolipid showed 36.70% and 18.1% for yield and encapsulation efficiency respectively. Sophorolipids encapsulation presents potential as alternatives to chemical preservatives, especially for use in meat products, marking a novel and previously unexplored initiative.

The present investigation aimed to find the optimal conditions for the spray drying conditions of finger millet milk blended with jamun juice, with a novel approach of producing the powder without any additional carrier agents. A three-factor three-level RSM design was employed to optimize inlet spray drying temperature (T; 150-170 °C), ratio of millet milk to jamun juice (MJ; 1–3) and flow rate (FR; 150–250 mL/h) based on powder yield, color change (ΔE), total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH assay (DPPH) and solubility (S). The optimum drying conditions were determined as 150 °C inlet spray drying temperature, 212.89 mL/h flow rate and 1:1 MJ ratio, yielding a desirability of 0.995. Under these conditions, the product showed a powder yield of 34.07%, high total phenolic content (119.34 g GAE/100g), 80.13% DPPH, ΔE of 22.84 and solubility of 55.02%. Structural and molecular characterization of the optimal powder using SEM, XRD and FTIR confirmed amorphous morphology with retained bioactive compounds. The developed product contains the nutritional benefits of both finger millet and jamun, offering potential for use in the development of value-added food products.

Conventional nanoparticle manufacturing techniques remain costly, labor-intensive, and difficult to scale, while also being subject to batch-to-batch variability. These limitations hinder their clinical translation, particularly in first-in-human trials. Emerging transformative technologies such as microfluidics and three-dimensional (3D) printing offer opportunities to develop agile, continuous, and scalable manufacturing processes. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of continuous microfluidic production of nanoparticles using customizable 3D-printed chips, integrated with atomization technologies, to generate solid nano-enabled controlled release therapies. 3D-printed microfluidic chips were designed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize flow characteristics. Nifedipine (NFD)-loaded nanoparticles were continuously manufactured with Eudragit L-100 and subsequently embedded into pullulan microparticles by spray-drying, yielding nano-in-microparticles (NIM). Particle size, encapsulation efficiency, solid-state properties,permeability, and release kinetics were assessed inex vivoFranz cell studies across porcine intestinal membranes. Continuous microfluidic processing produced NFD-loaded nanoparticles with 95% encapsulation efficiency. Spray-drying yielded spherical pullulan-based NIMs of ~ 10 µm, which, upon rehydration, released NFD nanoparticles of ~ 100 nm. The nanoparticles retained their amorphous state and displayed a three-fold increase in intestinal permeability compared to free drug, accompanied by a three-fold reduction in lag time. Release studies demonstrated reduced burst release and a sustained zero-order release profile over 24 h, favorable for blood pressure maintenance therapy. The integration of 3D-printed microfluidic chip design with continuous manufacturing and spray-drying enables scalable production of solid nano-enabled therapies. The NFD-loaded NIMs demonstrated enhanced permeability and controlled release, supporting the potential of this platform for the clinical translation of nanomedicines.