Spoken Term Research Articles

CEFR Işığında Türkçenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretimi Programı

Turkish Maarif Foundation, an institute teaching Turkish as a foreign language (TFL) worldwide, is an important institution in the field. The foundation applies TFL Curriculum approved in November 2020 by the MoNE Board of Education in Türkiye. The purpose of the current study is to elucidate to what extent the Turkish as a Foreign Language curriculum utilized by Türkiye Maarif Foundation. The approved curriculum overlaps with the meta-text entitled Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR, 2020) as to teach languages in Europe. In the study, the outcomes for speaking and writing skills at B1 Level are taken into account as the level accepts learners as independent users. To collect qualitative data for this descriptive research, a document analysis was performed on the descriptor scales of the curricula, in terms of speaking and writing activities in the Turkish course books prapered, published and utilized by one State University in Ankara, Turkey. Findings reveal that CEFR defines more general outcomes because of its role as a meta-text providing recommendations for language teaching and learning, whereas TMF provides more details developed and deduced from these references. The reason for having more details calibrated in TMF descriptors results from the fact that it subdivides the outcome according to the contents of descriptors. Hence, the subdivided descriptors appear in high quantity calibrated separately in TMF Curriculum. Consequently, the number of outcomes calibrated in TMF is observed rather high compared to CEFR ones. Yet, there are striking results displaying how the outcomes cohere, indeed. As the studies conducted in this field appear limited, it is assumed that the current study will contribute to those working in the field.

Progam Isi Piring Dengan Nutrisi Bolu Singkong Atasi Stanting di Desa Sukadana Kabupaten Lombuk Utara

The addition of nutrition is focused on the main activities for stunting in Sukadana Village, Bayan District, North Lombok Regency, a village that has abundant resources such as honey, cassava, fish, cashew nuts, corn, and so on. One is cassava. Villages have the opportunity to provide innovation in increasing agricultural output, such as innovating cassava, innovating cassava agricultural products, and marketing outreach to MSMEs in Sukadana Village. It is hoped that with this, local residents can be moved to continue businesses related to these two products. Increasing processed of nutrition cassava by processing it by making sponge cake an additional food containing eggs. The shape of cassava cake is made in various ways. The results of the processing have been practiced and consumed by the people of Sukadana Village. To maintain quality and content, it is disseminated with the assistance of BKKBN in terms of speakers and funds.

VARIASI BAHASA PADA CHANNEL YOUTUBE KRISTIAN B. HANSEN HIDUP 7 HARI BERSAMA SUKU DAYAK IBAN DI SUNGAI UTIK (KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK)

The purpose of this study was conducted to reveal language variations in terms of speakers used in everyday life, identify language variations used in social interactions, and identify language variations in reflecting the culture of the Iban Dayak tribe in Sungai Utik. The research method uses data collection techniques using documentation techniques and the data used is content analysis. The result of this research is that there are variations in the forms of dialect, idiolect, and sociolect. There were 9 dialect variations, 13 idiolect variations, and 8 sociolect variations that were observed. Then there is a social function in social interaction that reflects culture in Kristian's YouTube video channel b. Hansen lived 7 days with the Iban Dayak tribe on the Utik River.
 Keyword: Dayak Iban Language Variations, Sociolinguistics and Social Interaction

Query-by-Example Spoken Term Detection for Zero-Resource Languages Using Heuristic Search

Query-by-Example spoken content retrieval is a demanding and challenging task when a large volume of spoken content is piled up in the repositories without annotation. In the absence of annotation, spoken content retrieval is achieved by capturing the similarities between the query and spoken terms from the acoustic feature representation itself. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) centric techniques identify the optimal alignment between the acoustic feature representations and capture the similarities between query and spoken terms. Despite feasibility, the DTW-centric techniques produce a lot of false alarms due to the variabilities that exist in natural speech and degrade the performance. In the proposed approach, the variability challenges are addressed in two stages. At first, the speaker-independent acoustic feature representation was obtained from the deep convolutional neural networks that reduce the speaker variabilities. In the second stage, the similarities between the query and spoken term were captured using the heuristic search method. The proposed approach was compared with other state-of-the-art methods using Microsoft Low-Resource Language speech corpus. A 3% improvement and 32% reduction in the hit and false alarm ratio were achieved across languages.

Implementasi Metode Role Playing Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Pada Aspek Berbicara

The Role Playing learning method is a method that can be applied in the learning process in the classroom because this model is attractive to students. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the planning of the role playing method in learning Arabic in terms of speaking; 2) describe and analyze the implementation of the role playing method in learning Arabic on the speaking aspect and describe and analyze the evaluation of the role playing method in learning Arabic on the speaking aspect at MIS Bina Dharma Parit Wednesday. This study uses a qualitative approach and a case study type of research. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Research result; planning for the role playing method in learning Arabic in the aspect of speaking at MIS Bina Dharma Parit Rabu is carried out in the following way: a) Preparing a learning syllabus, b) preparing an RPP (Learning Implementation Plan), c) compiling assessment instruments, d) dividing roles before implementation of learning. The implementation of the role playing method in learning Arabic in the aspect of speaking at MIS Bina Dharma Parit Rabu, namely: a) warming up, b) setting the stage, c) appointing several students as observers, d) starting the role playing game, e) discussing the game , f) discussing discussion and evaluation. (3) Evaluation of the role playing method in learning Arabic on the speaking aspect at MIS Bina Dharma Parit Wednesday 2, namely: a) process evaluation, b) outcome evaluation.

Students’ English Language Development through the International VCL Module of the ValeuX project

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of students' English language in terms of speaking, pronunciation and vocabulary while their participation in the “International Virtual Collaborative Learning” (IVCL) Module under the framework of the Erasmus+ programme European Union funded Project: ValeuX: Virtual Albanian European Universities Exchange. Students from 8 Albanian and European universities participated in the ValeuX incubator for 6 weeks. They had to work on a business start-up concerning eco-tourism in Albania. During these weeks, students had to talk in English and schedule meetings to discuss the tasks they had to prepare. During this experience, they developed their English language skills. Study design/methodology/approach: The methodology of this paper is focused on a questionnaire distributed to 43 students via Google Forms to gather the data concerning the impact that students had after joining the "International VCL" Module and their development of different aspects of the English Language. Findings: The findings showed that the student's English language development was noticeable. They perceived natural communication in English and expanded their vocabulary as well. Originality/value: This study is important because it brings into light an aspect of taking part in International Virtual Learning, which is the development of English Language skills. It was a Foreign Language for all the students, and they worked on designing a start-up business idea about eco-tourism in Albania.

Panel composition and disparities in the topics of presentation in vascular surgery conferences.

Previous studies identified gender disparities in surgical conference presenters and moderators. We sought to assess disparities in the representation of women in terms of speakers and moderators, but with particular emphasis on panels and topics of discussion at vascular surgery conferences. Data regarding presenters and moderators from the Southern Association of Vascular Surgery, Western Vascular Society, Vascular and Endovascular Surgical Society, Society for Clinical Vascular Surgery, and Society for Vascular Surgery conferences was obtained from online meeting archives and via email correspondence. Scientific session speakers, moderators, and panelists were identified by sex. Specific vascular topics for each discussion were also identified. Keynote speakers or special guests were excluded. Compared to men, women were less often presenters (18% versus 82%, p < .002) and moderators (16% versus 84%, p < .001) of conference sessions. Women were most likely to present on dialysis access and least likely to present on venous disease overall. Women were more likely to present on aortic (24% vs 19%; p < .013) and cerebrovascular disease (33% vs 27%; p < .021) at regional compared to national conferences. Of panels assessed, 68% were all-male. Subgroup analysis suggests that some improvements have been made over time. Significant disparities persist in the topics presented and in panel composition suggesting potential areas for improvement in equity. Further study should focus on evaluating trends in the training level of the presenter and the topics presented, and assessing parity in structural factors that impact research presentation opportunities.

Application of Ethical and Civilisation Concepts in the Implementation of Online Distance Learning (ODL)

The government has implemented the Movement Control Order in response to the Covid-19 outbreak that has spread throughout Malaysia in 2020 (MCO). This decree indirectly affected the nation's educational system as well. Face-to-face study mode has been replaced by online distance learning (ODL) mode throughout this MCO time. The goal of this study is to identify students' ethical and moral issues, examine the contributing elements to such issues, and examine students' awareness of the ethics and behaviour that should be followed during ODL. The purpose of this study is to inform the public, in particular students, on the significance of ethics and civility in ODL. This study's methodology took the form of a library investigation that was only concerned with document analysis. This study is statistically analysed, which is descriptive in terms of spoken or written words concerning observable human behaviour. Because ethics and civilisation work to keep people from acting immorally, the key findings make it evident that they are important factors in balancing human life. The study's results do indicate that there is now a negative behaviour associated with the usage of ODL, nevertheless.

Xoqoneb’: una historia uspanteka de las tierras altas centrales de Guatemala

Uspanteko is one of the smallest (in terms of speakers) and most threatened Mayan languages spoken in Guatemala. While Uspanteko belongs to the K’ichean branch of the Mayan family, it bears a striking number of linguistic features not seen in its sister languages across major aspects of the grammar, including phonetics/phonology (e.g., lexical tone) and morphosyntax (e.g., null verbal inflection). After introducing an Uspanteko text about the sacred hill Xoqoneb’ and placing it in its cultural context, including surveying related Uspanteko texts, we use Xoqoneb’ to illustrate those aspects of the Uspanteko language which stand out relative to other K’ichean languages. We also comment on the possible sources of these divergent features, which include both language contact and innovation.

Pitch Variation for Chinese Syllables of Different Information Load (Based on Commercial and Social Radio Ads)

F0 is an important cue present in all vocalic segments, a parameter to differentiate between voiced and voiceless consonants, a relative phonological feature of syllable in tonal languages and a crucial feature of intonation. This paper aims to investigate pitch variation patterns in Mandarin Chinese depending on the syllable information load (Factor 1) in one type of discourse – advertising with the subdivision into social and commercial ads (Factor 2) considering gender differences (Factor 3). 1249 syllable tokens were selected for acoustic measurements, each syllable occurring twice – in the informative and uninformative utterance parts. The information load was determined perceptually: the syllable was considered informative when agreed by the minimum of 60% of listeners, other syllables were considered uninformative. Depending on lexical tone (T1 – T4 and T0), the measurements included average pitch values, declination/inclination starting and ending points (mean values). These parameters were used to judge about relevant pitch features – average height and declination/inclination slope. As a result, a consistent parameter increase in commercial ads vs. social ads and on informative syllables vs. uninformative ones was observed for all tones except T0 that showed the opposite trend in expressing information-based partition. Another finding was tone substitution that marked both informative and uninformative parts but was more frequent in the latter. Substitute tone frequency ranks did not depend on any of the three factors except for T0. High predictability of pitch variation patterns make them applicable in teaching Chinese as L2 in terms of speaking and listening for general and specific purposes.

Language Variations in Siniar (Podcast) Youtube: Sociolinguistic Studies

This study aims to describe language variations on YouTube podcasts in terms of speakers and in terms of usage. In this study, there are three YouTube channels that will be investigated, namely the Deddy Corbuzer Podcast channel, Raditya Dika Podcast (PORD) and Akbar Faizal Uncensored. In their podcasts, podcasters often invite speakers from various circles. For example, community leaders, entrepreneurs, homeland celebrities, YouTubers, and government officials. They are invited to be interviewed regarding issues that are developing in the community. Therefore, the podcast videos on the YouTube channel are never separated from several language variations. This research is classified as a descriptive qualitative research with the data obtained by oral data and the data source, namely broadcast broadcasts on the youtube channel. This research will focus on the use of language variations in terms of speakers and in terms of usage used in the podcast. The results of this study indicate the use of language variations which include: (a) Language variations in terms of speakers consisting of; (1) Dialect; (2) Acrolect; (3) Vulgar; (4) Slang; (5) Jargon; (6) Argot; and (7) Colloquial; (b) There are 3 areas of language variation in terms of usage, namely: (1) Business Fields; (2) Education Sector; (3) Political Sector.

Language Variations on TikTok Social Media

Language variation is the non-uniformity in one language. This study discusses variations in Indonesian on TikTok social media. TikTok is now a popular social media for all ages, especially youth. The purpose of this study is to describe language variations on TikTok social media. This study was studied using a sociolinguistic approach, the theory of linguistic variation. This research is descriptive qualitative, the data analyzed is in the form of speech in which there are variations in Indonesian regional dialects. The data source in this study was obtained from the social media TikTok. The results of this study indicate that there are language variations in terms of speakers in the form of Jakarta dialect, Betawi dialect, and Surabaya dialect; while the language variation in terms of formality uses a casual variety.Â

Business English Proficiency Acquisition Facilitated by Technology: Evaluations and Implications

Online learning prospered in recent years, so did the research in this area. The COVID-19 pandemic has made it the default option of education. The design, implementation and evaluation of a completely online education model are of universal urgency. The learning purposes of Business English encompass the mastery of business knowledge and language abilities. This paper reviews the online teaching and learning of this course and tries to assess its effectiveness in equipping students with business related language competence. Students&amp;rsquo; performances were measured in score comparisons; their levels of participation and activeness were captured in statistics across learning platforms; their perceptions on the advantages and disadvantages of this teaching model were collected in a survey and in-depth interviews. Research results show significant progresses have been achieved in students&amp;rsquo; reading proficiency; language production in terms of speaking and writing was perceived to have been improved; the level of engagement was high. Challenges of this model have also been summarized and corresponding modifications would be proposed, to facilitate proficiency acquisition more efficiently.

VARIASI DAN FUNGSI RAGAM BAHASA IKLAN LAYANAN MASYARAKAT DI MEDIA SOSIAL PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 SUATU TINJAUAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK

ABSTRACTThis research is motivated by the problems contained in public service advertisements on social media during the covid-19 pandemic. The objectives of the research are (1) to describe the form of language variations of public service advertisements on social media during the Covid-19 pandemic. (2) To describe the function of the various languages of public service advertisements on social media during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is descriptive qualitative by explaining objects based on facts contained in public service advertisements on social media during the covid-19 pandemic. The data source of this research is public service advertisements on social media. Data collection techniques used were recording techniques and data transcripts in the form of words, phrases, and sentences in public service advertisements. The data analysis techniques used in this study include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study indicate that there are as many as 3 types of language variations in terms of speakers, usage and formality. There are 5 types of language functions, namely emotive, referential, directive, poetic, and fatigued

LINGUISTIC DEVIATIONS OF SWARDSPEAK AND ITS IMPLICATION TO GAY STUDENTS’ ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES

This study aimed to find out the implications of linguistic deviations of swardspeak to the language competencies of the gay students. This research also sought to determine the linguistic deviations in swardspeak used by the gay students; investigate the implications of the use of swardspeak to the language competencies of the students; and develop a sociolinguistic primer on swardspeak and its linguistic deviations. The study made use of qualitative method of research wherein the researcher subjected 12 informants from Suba National High School through recording raw conversations of students using swardspeak. They are officially enrolled as secondary students for the school year 2019 to 2020. The linguistic deviation on the process of using swardspeak depends on the ability of the students. The significant role of creativity and linguistic capability may be developed and improved with frequent use of the language, implications on the use of the swardspeak provide identity for gay students, develop their self-expression, deliver exclusive space through concealment, and find comfort zone using their own language. The proposed sociolinguistic primer on swardspeak and its linguistic deviations is ready for the initial implementation and assessment. The language students might be encouraged in using the language creatively and apply it in the learning process. Activities in terms of speaking can always be practiced in the language learning process to boost the confidence of the students in expressing their ideas. Familiarization of the linguistic deviation categories might be discussed to support the students improve their linguistic competence. Conduct follow up study with the use of swardspeak in a new phase was also recommended.

Variasi Bahasa dalam Tuturan Penjual dan Pembeli di Pasar Dupa Jalan Merpati Tangkerang Tengah Kecamatan Marpoyan Damai Kota Pekanbaru

In everyday life as social beings, humans use variety of variations to express something in the process of interacting with society both formally and informally. Language variation is caused by the existence of social interaction activities carried out by a very diverse community or group. The diversity of these languages ​​will increase if the language is used by a very large number of speakers and in a very wide area. This study examines language variations in the speech of sellers and buyers in the Dupa market, Jalan Merpati Tangkerang Tengah, Marpoyan Damai District, Pekanbaru City with the problem (1) what are the language variations in the speech of sellers and buyers in the incense market, Jalan Merpati Tangkerang Tengah, Marpoyan Damai Kota District. Pekanbaru, and (2) what are the functions of language variation in the speech of sellers and buyers at the Incense market on Merpati Tangkerang Tengah street, Marpoyan Damai District, Pekanbaru City. The theories used in this study are Abdul Chaer and Leonie Agustina (2010), and Alwasilah A. Chaedar (1993). While the method used is content analysis with a research approach that is a qualitative approach. Based on the results of this study, there are (1) language variations in the speech of sellers and buyers in the Dupa market Jalan Merpati Tangkerang Tengah, Marpoyan Damai District, which the researchers found with details of language variations in terms of speakers, namely dialects and chronicles, language variations in terms of usage, language variations. In terms of formality, there are familiar and relaxed varieties, and language variations in terms of facilities, namely variations in spoken language, and (2) the function of language variations in the speech of sellers and buyers at the Incense market, Jalan Merpati Tangkerang Tengah, Marpoyan Damai District, Pekanbaru City, with details of the instrumental function, the regulatory function, the personal function, the interactional function, the representational function, and the heuristic function. Where as what the researchers did not find were imaginative functions.

Using Videos And Multimedia In Teaching Foreign Languages For Slow Learners

In this article shown that using video materials is of practical interest to language program designers and administrators, who want to attract slow learners to programs that will help them to learn with their needs and interests, to teachers, who would like to use pedagogical techniques that reinforce and develop slow learner’s frequency to procure foreign languages, and to learners themselves, who are facing difficulties in terms of speaking and listening.

A CEFR-based Comparison of English and Turkish Language Teaching Course Books in Terms of Speaking and Writing Skills

This study aims to investigate to what extent the competences in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) (Council of Europe, 2001) are fulfilled in language teaching course books in terms of productive skills (speaking-writing) in foreign / second language teaching. More specifically, in the study, speaking and writing activities in Headway for teaching English as a foreign/second language and in Yeni İstanbul for teaching Turkish as a foreign/second language, which were said to have been developed based on CEFR, were examined and compared in terms of the compatibility with the competences specified in the CEFR through content analysis. At this point, the distinction of ‘writing / speaking as a production skill’ and ‘writing / speaking as an interaction skill’ defined in the CEFR has been used in the detailed analysis of the activities. According to the content analysis, it was observed that there were differences and similarities in both course books in terms of the implementation of CEFR and the representation of A2 level descriptors. Although both course books claim that they have been developed with reference to the CEFR, findings showed that they do not reach the learning outcomes in terms of speaking and writing skills related to ‘interaction’ and ‘production’ specified in the CEFR at the same rate. Basically, the study concluded that ‘interaction’ skills in Headway and ‘production’ skills in Yeni Istanbul are prioritized. The results also emphasize that these two course books need to be revised and reorganized to reflect the CEFR at A2 level.

Online Class: Its Implication Towards Academic Skills Development

We aimed to find out the students’ academic skills development through the use of descriptive research design. In the experiment, we used random sampling to determine the level of students’ online discourse skills in terms of spoken and written means as well as the level of student’s development of academic skills. This research was conducted by distributing a customized and corrected questionnaire to the validation of the online learning questionnaire with a 4-point Likert scale interpretation to determine the interpretation of the values. Findings showed that the written discourse levels are moderate with a mean of 2.972, and spoken discourse is moderate with a mean of 2.822. The four-level students’ development skills were obtained, and most of them are moderate. Academic participation was obtained with a mean of 3.118, making inferences with 3.01, text composition with a mean of 2.93, and reading with a mean of 3.00. Based on the results of multiple surveys, there is a significant relationship between the online class and the development of academic skills as implied by the Pearson correlation test result at a 5% level of significance (Sig. 0.05). It also indicates a moderate or substantial correlation or relationship with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.54. This study has shed light on the wariness of these educators on how this means of learning have an impact on their learning and development.

Initiating a Complaint: Change Over Time in French L2 Speakers’ Practices

ABSTRACT This study documents change over time and across proficiency levels in French second-language (L2) speakers’ practices for initiating complaints. Prior research has shown that speakers typically initiate complaints in a stepwise manner that indexes the contingent, moral, and delicate nature of the activity. Although elementary speakers in my data often launch complaint sequences in a straightforward way, they sometimes embodiedly foreshadow verbal expressions of negative stance or delay negative talk through brief positively valenced prefaces. More advanced speakers in part rely on the same initiation practices as elementary speakers. In addition, they recurrently use extensive prefatory work that accounts for and legitimizes the upcoming complaint, and they regularly initiate complaints jointly with coparticipants through a progressive escalation of negative stance expressions. I document interactional resources involved in this change and discuss the findings in terms of speakers’ development of L2 interactional competence. Data are in French with English translations.