• Numerical evaluation is performed on an Archimedean spiral shaped circular piped heat exchanger. • More spiral turns resulted in higher Dean Number ( De ) with the generation of significant secondary flow offsetting the adverse pressure gradient effects. • The h and the Nu increased by almost 20% and 30%, respectively, by the combined effects of spiral turns and nanoparticle. • The spiral configuration provides ∼ 8.2 times more heat transfer surface area per unit footprint length than the linear exchanger. This research investigates the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of an Archimedean spiral shaped circular piped heat exchanger with different number of turns ( N ) using ZnO/water nanofluids using finite element method. Conventional heat transfer fluids and straight-tube geometries face limitations due to low thermal conductivity and inefficient flow patterns. To address this, we explore the synergistic effect of geometric modification and nanofluid enhancement. The simulation model solves fluid flow and heat transfer equations under non-isothermal conditions for linear and spiral models with different N across a laminar flow regime with Reynolds number ( Re ) varying from 350 to 650. The results demonstrate that the spiral geometry induces secondary flows (Dean vortices), whose strength, quantified by the Dean number ( De ), increases with the N due to a decreasing radius of curvature. This improves fluid mixing, thins the thermal boundary layer, and improves the heat transfer rate than linear ones. More turns resulted in smaller radii of curvature (tighter spiral) and the Dean Number ( De) reached ∼ 70 for N = 2 and as high as ∼ 130 for N = 5 at Re = 650, showing the generation of secondary flow. Overall, the heat transfer coefficient ( h ) and Nusselt Number ( Nu ) improved by almost 20% and 30%, respectively, indicating that both change in heat exchanger geometry and nanoparticle concentration significantly affected the thermal performance, leading to substantial improvements in heat transfer rates. The performance evaluation criterion (PEC) reached ∼3.95, confirming the design's superiority offsetting the adverse pressure gradient effects. The spiral configuration provided more heat transfer surface part per unit footprint length than the linear exchanger and thus suitable for compact footprint thermal applications.

Patients receiving home enteral tube feeding have a high risk of complications and readmission to hospital. Enteral nutrition training for health professionals is essential but often not included in basic training curricula. This paper aims to (i) outline the development of a state-wide gastrostomy training program and (ii) undertake a 7-year evaluation of the program. A state-wide gastrostomy education and training program was developed and implemented using a spiral learning model, stakeholder engagement, review of the literature, and consumer involvement. Medico-legal consideration was given to credentialing, competencies, and extended scope of practice. Direct outcomes were evaluated using a RE-AIM framework. In the 7 years since starting the program 819 clinicians have completed all online modules including the evaluation, and 178 and 42 clinicians have participated in workshop 1 (gastrostomy care and management) and workshop 2 (gastrostomy removal and replacement), respectively. Additionally, 85 extended care paramedic trainees have participated in the program. Average pre-post measures of knowledge and confidence improved 11% and 23%, respectively, across all aspects of the program. The development of a state-wide gastrostomy education and training program allowed health professionals to gain expertise in the specialty area of gastrostomy care to support consistent safe practice. Over the 7 years the program has been functional it has expanded to include regional and ambulance services. There have also been limitations and learnings along the way. The model used for this program may allow others insight into the developing future programs.

The transition into motherhood entails profound developmental shifts across biological, psychological, emotional, and identity domains, conceptualized as matrescence, a dynamic process with significant implications for maternal well-being. Although scholarship on matrescence has expanded, it remains largely Western-centered, with limited attention to non-Western contexts. Addressing this gap, the present study explores how urban Indian mothers experience and interpret matrescence across different stages of motherhood.Guided by a phenomenological framework, this qualitative study draws on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 25 urban Indian mothers representing diverse occupational and family contexts. Interviews focused on emotional, relational, bodily, and identity-related changes following childbirth. Data were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to examine how mothers construct meaning around their transition over time.Findings reveal matrescence as a layered, evolving process organized around two overarching themes: Personhood - encompassing cognitive, emotional, physical, and identity shifts and Meaning-making of matrescence, shaped through personal narratives and sociocultural constructions of motherhood. Participants described renegotiating selfhood while navigating gendered expectations, familial pressures, and idealized models of "good" motherhood, highlighting the emotional labor embedded in maternal adaptation.By foregrounding mothers' voices from a non-Western setting, this study contributes to scholarship on matrescence and maternal mental health by demonstrating how cultural context shapes psychological experience. The findings underscore the need for contextually grounded frameworks and culturally sensitive supports that recognize motherhood as a developmental transition rather than a fixed identity state. The study presents a culturally grounded spiral model of matrescence as a recursive process of embodied change, meaning-making, and sociocultural negotiation.

This study aims to analyze the improvement of learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education and Character Education (PAI and BP), specifically the material of QS. Al Maun and "Living Spaciously by Sharing," through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This study uses a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach with the Kemmis and McTaggart spiral model consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages in each action cycle. The study was conducted in three cycles with elementary school students as subjects. The results showed that the application of the Problem Based Learning model succeeded in improving student learning outcomes significantly. Before the action was carried out, the average student score only reached 68.4 with a learning completion of 43.4%. After the implementation of PBL in Cycle I, the average score increased to 76.8 with a completion of 65.2%. In Cycle II, the average score increased again to 83.7 with a completion of 82.6%, and reached optimal results in Cycle III with an average score of 89.5 and a learning completion of 95.6%. In addition to improving cognitive aspects, this study also demonstrated positive changes in students' social activities and attitudes. Students became more active in discussions, expressed their opinions confidently, were able to work collaboratively in groups, and developed a stronger sense of responsibility throughout the learning process. The use of contextual problems, interactive media, and role-sharing within groups were proven to improve students' learning motivation and communication skills. Furthermore, students demonstrated increased empathy, social awareness, and a spirit of sharing, in line with the values ​​contained in QS. Al-Ma'un. Thus, the Problem-Based Learning model is effective in improving learning outcomes while optimally shaping students' social character. The contribution of this study is to provide an innovative learning model based on Problem-Based Learning that is effective in improving learning outcomes, collaborative skills, and developing students' social character in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Islamic Religious Education (BP) in elementary schools. Keywords: problem-based learning, QS. Al-Ma'un, social awareness

ABSTRACT To analyse the structural characteristics and evaluate fatigue life of spiral bevel gear transmission with crack faults, a comprehensive and in-depth analysis is conducted based on the optimisation analysis flow from the aspects of static contact, transient dynamics, modal and fatigue life. The related investigations are carried out, and some findings are revealed as well. First, a parametric spiral bevel gear FEA model with different crack parameters including crack depth and penetration length is established. Second, the bending stress and natural frequency under the parameters of gear crack depth and penetration length are analysed based on three different aspects including static analysis, transient dynamics and modal analysis. The influences caused by different crack parameters are obtained, and the variation trend is analysed as well. Finally, a fatigue life prediction model for cracked gear based on fracture mechanics and fatigue cumulative damage theory is established, and the fatigue life curve under different crack parameters is obtained and analysed. Key factors such as crack growth rate, stress concentration factor and material fatigue properties are considered in this fatigue model. This research not only provides a scientific basis for fault diagnosis and maintenance of helicopter intermediate gearboxes, but also serves as a valuable reference for the structural characteristic analysis and fatigue life assessment of rotating machinery.

One characteristic of the transition from low-choice to high‐choice media environments is the rise of political alternative news media. Few studies have so far focused on the longitudinal and reciprocal relationship between alternative media use and perceptions of societal problems. Building on the reinforcing spirals model, this study analyses the dynamic relationship between alternative media use and perceptions about three topics that vary in levels of baseline issue politicization: crime, economy, and health care. Using six-wave panel survey data collected in Sweden over three years, findings show that left-wing and right-wing alternative media use is more strongly related to perceptions of politicized than non-politicized issues. However, results from random-intercept cross-lagged panel models reveal few indications of within-person reciprocal dynamics. While users of left-wing and right-wing alternative media diverge significantly in the beliefs they hold about these issues, there is little evidence for media-driven belief reinforcement over time.

Learning to thrive in transcultural nursing education: A Constructivist Grounded Theory approach.

A Spiral Approach-based learning Model for Developing English Writing Skills among Preparatory Schoolers

While most people tend to live their lives operating upon a plane of normal functioning that is relatively healthy and adaptive, there are times when many need support to maintain that level of functioning. Among the approximately 15,000 high school students from across the US participating in the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), nearly 20% reported engaging in some form of suicidal behavior, from ideation to attempting suicide. Professionals and caregivers need to be aware of the trajectory that can lead to these behaviors. The authors present their Spiral Model, which illustrates the downward progression from a Plane of Normal Functioning (PNF) through five descending levels of increasing danger to the survival of the individual. They describe potential risk and protective factors among students with gifts and talents and critical points for intervention.

Abstract The dynamical effects on the stellar motion produced by the Galactic central bar and the spiral arms perturbations are investigated separately and compared. The stars from the Gaia DR3 catalog are selected in the region of observable completeness, which we estimate as ∼1 kpc from the Sun. We apply the 2D model of the Galactic potential consisting of three axisymmetric components (the disk, the bulge, and the dark matter halo) and two nonaxisymmetric components (the central bar and the spiral arms). The stellar dynamics are studied using analytical and numerical techniques, such as Hamiltonian topology analysis, the construction of dynamical maps on the representative planes, dynamic spectra, and Poincaré sections. We identify that the main dynamical features in the solar neighborhood (SNd) are the corotation zone and Lindblad resonances. By assuming that the main moving groups (MGs) in the SNd originate from the resonances, we compare their locations, structures, and intensities with the theoretical predictions and provide a description of the process involved in the formation of the MGs. In addition, we explore parametric planes by adjusting the values of the pattern rotation speed Ω p with the positions of the MGs for both the spiral arms and bar models, and conclude that the spiral arms model shows better results when compared to those of the bar under the hypothesis of the dynamical origin of MGs.

ABSTRACT Referring remote-sensing image segmentation (RRSIS) aims to accurately localize and delineate ground targets within remote-sensing imagery conditioned on natural language expressions. This task fundamentally relies on the effective fusion of visual and language modalities, typically implemented through multimodal encoders and task-specific decoders. Existing frameworks struggle to achieve precise alignment between remote-sensing image visual features and natural language referring expressions, as the target results of referring image segmentation tasks focus on tiny objects in local areas of interest, while the spatial scale of remote-sensing images is complex and variable and referring expressions are complex natural languages, making it difficult to perform effective visual language alignment. We propose the spiral selective scan visual state space model (RSRefMa), which enhances the alignment of visual and language features from the perspective of enhancing global contextual multimodal understanding of remote-sensing images and natural language referring expressions. Specifically, we propose a state space model based on spiral scanning to effectively capture globally representative visual features, thereby enhancing the model’s capability for global visual context modeling. To enrich and diversify referring expressions, we leverage the advanced contextual understanding and language reasoning capabilities of large language models. This augmentation leads to semantically rich and diverse expressions, strengthening the model’s comprehension of both visual and language modalities and ensuring more precise cross-modal alignment. Furthermore, to address the difficulty of fine-grained segmentation of tiny, weak geo-objects in remote-sensing image, we integrate dual multi-scale visual prompts enabling a comprehensive representation of foreground and background features for accurate boundary segmentation. This design enhances the alignment between visual and language features, thereby enabling more precise target localization. Extensive experiments on two referring remote-sensing image segmentation datasets demonstrate that our proposed RSRefMa method has superior understanding and segmentation performance compared to previous state-of-the-art methods.

The five-blade propeller: An evolutionary model of innovation with sustainability as the rotor (SPIRAL)

Context . Classical Cepheids (DCEPs) are among the most important distance calibrators thanks to the correlation between their period and luminosity (PL relation), and play a crucial role in the calibration as the first rung of the extragalactic distance ladder. Given their typical age, they also constitute an optimal tracer of the young population in the Galactic disc. Aims . We aim to increase the number of available DCEPs with high-resolution spectroscopic metallicities, study the galactocentric radial gradients of several chemical elements, and analyse the spatial distribution of the Galactic young population of stars in the Milky Way disc. Methods . We performed a complete spectroscopical analysis of 136 spectra obtained from three different high-resolution spectrographs, for a total of 60 DCEPs. More than half have pulsational periods longer than 15 days, up to 70 days, doubling the number of stars in our sample with P > 15 d . We derived radial velocities, atmospheric parameters, and chemical abundances for up to 33 different species. Results . We present an updated list of trusted spectroscopic lines for the detection and estimation of chemical abundances. We used this new set to revisit the abundances already published in the context of the C-MetaLL (Cepheids-Metallicity in the Leavitt Law) survey and increase the number of available chemical species. For the first time (to our knowledge), we present the estimation of abundances for Cepheids for dysprosium (Dy, Z = 66), as well as a systematic estimation of erbium (Er, Z Z = 68), lutetium (Lu, Z = 71), and thorium (Th, Z = 90) abundances. Conclusions . We calculated a galactic radial gradient for [ Fe/H ] with a slope of −0.064 ± 0.002 dex kpc −1 , in good agreement with recent literature estimation. The other elements also exhibit a clear negative radial trend, with this effect diminishing and eventually disappearing for heavier neutron-capture elements. Depending on the proposed spiral arms model present in several literature sources, our most external stars agree on tracing either the Perseus, the Norma-Outer, or both the Outer and the association Outer-Scutum-Centaurus arms.

Abstract Induction coils are a crucial component of various underwater instruments designed based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The variation of coil impedance in seawater environments is a key research factor. However, obtaining impedance information through measurements presents certain challenges due to the complexities of underwater experimental conditions. This study establishes a planar spiral coil electromagnetic field model in a seawater environment and derives an integral analytical expression for impedance using the second-order vector potential method. The influences of seawater conductivity, excitation frequency, and the number of coil turns on impedance are analyzed. Repeated measurements were conducted in a seawater tank with controllable conductivity. The experimental results indicate that the theoretical values calculated from the model show a high degree of consistency with the measured values within an appropriate frequency range, allowing for the prediction of coil impedance variations and providing a reference for the system design phase.

Optimizing the performance of rooftop photovoltaic (RTPV) systems is crucial maximize energy production, especially in limited urban spaces. The main problem with the 122,040 Wp RTPV system is a significant performance gap, where the peak output power only reaches 95.93 kW, suggesting that the operational configuration may not be at the optimal point. The novelty of this research lies in the simultaneous optimization of two critical parameters: the geometric tilt angle (β) and the electrical inverter input voltage (VDC), a dual-parameter approach that contrasts with prior studies focusing on single-parameter optimization. This study aims to determine the optimal power output by employing the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The WOA method was selected for its superior ability to navigate complex search spaces by mimicking the bubble-net hunting strategy of humpback whales through a spiral model and a shrinking encircling mechanism to identify the global optimum. Simulation results show that convergence is achieved at the 75th iteration. The optimization results demonstrate a significant performance improvement, increasing the output power from 95.93 kW to 105.01 kW, which represents a 9.46% efficiency gain. This simultaneous optimization, resulting in a panel β of 26.26° and VDC of 629.66 V, proves to be a robust technical contribution for shifting the operating point toward the global maximum power point (GMPP) in industrial-scale RTPV systems.

Healthcare worker burnout is a complex phenomenon that traditional linear models fail to fully explain. This study uses network analysis to map the associative interactions between organizational factors, mental health symptoms, and burnout dimensions in a national sample of Peruvian physicians and nurses. Cross-sectional network analysis using data from the 2016 National Healthcare Worker Survey, comprising 4951 healthcare professionals (2125 physicians, 2826 nurses). Twenty-two variables spanning burnout dimensions (MBI-GS), mental health symptoms, work satisfaction, and organizational factors were analyzed using Gaussian Graphical Models with bootstrap validation (1000 iterations). Expected Influence, Betweenness, Closeness, and Strength centrality indices were calculated. Network invariance testing compared structural differences between professions. The network comprised 22 nodes with 82 non-zero edges (density = 0.355). Health services management satisfaction showed the highest expected influence (EI = 2.14), followed by monthly income (EI = 1.49). Emotional exhaustion showed substantial negative influence (EI = -0.46). Network invariance testing revealed statistically significant structural differences between professions (M = 0.2289, P = .0099), though overall similarity was moderate to high (ρ = 0.685). Nurses showed higher expected influence for job stability (EI = 0.619 vs 0.375), while physicians showed higher expected influence for marital status (EI = 0.659 vs 0.416). Bootstrap stability coefficients exceeded recommended thresholds (CS = 0.67-0.75). Burnout components showed network patterns consistent with complex adaptive systems, with organizational factors (management satisfaction, income) displaying higher expected influence than individual mental health symptoms. Network structures differed statistically between professions, though with moderate-to-high overall similarity. We propose a preliminary exploratory framework (SPIRAL model) identifying 6 network-based patterns that require prospective longitudinal validation before clinical application.

Abstract The T – A formulation based on thin film approximation has been widely used in REBCO coated conductors and their various devices. Recently, its compatibility with electromagnetic modeling of no-insulation (NI) coils has attracted increasing attention. Although most electromagnetic simulations of NI coils have been addressed in 2D, the development of 3D models remains essential—for instance, to account for the circumferential non-uniformity of circular coils or to simulate non-circular configurations. In this study, by introducing the Coulomb gauge and a reduced nodal current conservation equation, we extend the electromagnetic modeling of NI REBCO coils based on T – A formulation from 2D axisymmetric scenarios to more general 3D helical frameworks, thereby highlight the electric potential characteristics. Furthermore, two 3D homogenized bulk models based on scaling equivalence of radial resistivity and concentration of misaligned windings were proposed, and their applicability was also clarified. Comparative with the 2D circular NI coils shows that the 3D spiral model significantly improves the spatial resolution by incorporating actual current direction. The 3D homogenized bulk model achieves results consistent with the spiral model in terms of coil terminal voltage, charging delay, and power losses, while offering substantially enhanced computational efficiency. To demonstrate the practicality of the models, we further presented the simulation results for a 3D dual-wound NI coil with detailed spiral structure and a large-scale 3D homogenized racetrack NI coil with non-uniform radial resistivity. This work provides a new universal approach and tool for electromagnetic modeling of joints, irregular NI coils, and circular NI coils with circumferential non-uniformity.

Introduction Undergraduate medical education in the UK tends to follow one of three models: traditional, spiral, or integrated. This paper evaluates medical students' opinions of each model in terms of academic teaching, clinical teaching, and average satisfaction to determine which model is more effective at providing a well-rounded medical education. Method Final-year medical students were asked to fill in a survey evaluating the three models of medical education through three metrics: academic teaching, clinical teaching, and average satisfaction. Five universities were approached to recruit students: two employing the traditional model, two employing the spiral model, and one employing the integrated model. Responses were sought over a four-month period through email communication with final-year medical students. Responses were recorded using a 10-point ordinal scale. Results A total of 416 students' responses were included. The average score for academic teaching was 5.6 ± 1.4; the average score for clinical teaching was 5.4 ± 2.3; and the average satisfaction score was 5.6 ± 1.7. None of the models was significantly better or worse in academic teaching. The spiral curriculum was significantly better in clinical teaching (6.3 ± 1.1, p < 0.05), and the traditional model was significantly worse in clinical teaching (4.9 ± 2.2, p < 0.05). Discussion This novel paper demonstrates the views of final-year medical students towards the three models of medical education. None of the three models of education is superior in academic teaching, raising broader discussion points regarding how medical students absorb and learn medical content. We identify that early clinical exposure produces better clinical learning outcomes, with the integrated model acting as an effective baseline, from which institutes can look to build.

This study examines four models of integration between Islam and science in Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia using a qualitative approach and literature review, namely the Amin Abdullah Integration-Interconnection model, Imam Suprayogo’s Tree of Knowledge model, the Revelation Guides Knowledge (WMI) model, and the Andromeda Spiral model. The results show that although these models have different epistemological orientations, they complement each other by emphasizing interdisciplinary dialogue, tauhid as the foundation of the curriculum, the supremacy of revelation, and the progressive dynamics of knowledge. Despite challenges such as limited resources and implementation difficulties, there are strategic opportunities through interdisciplinary research, curriculum innovation, maqashid shariah approaches, and the dissemination of integrative paradigms. In conclusion, knowledge-based Islamic education plays a crucial role in shaping Muslim generations who are religious, intellectual, and contributive, with these four models serving as an epistemological map that unites revelation, philosophy, curriculum, and a vision of civilization.

The article studies evolution of the triple spiral concept as a mechanism of innovation development. Key stages of the model development were analyzed, from initial triple spiral (state – business – universities) to its extended variants, i.e. of four – (civil society included) and five-link one (natural environment is taken into account), as well as other interrelations that show various socio-economic processes and national specificity. The goal of the research is to describe elaboration of efficient model of innovation development based on evolution of the triple spiral concept and identification of roles of innovation ecosystem actors. Theoretical importance of the research deals with systematization of stages of spiral model working-out and development of structured role model that can make functions of innovation ecosystem participants more concrete. The article underlines practical importance of the role model of business-ecosystem for elaboration of concrete measures of state and corporate policy aimed at the development of innovation infrastructure and stimulation of cooperation.