Speed Zones Research Articles

Comparison of the physiological responses and time-motion characteristics during football small-sided games: effect of pressure on the ball.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effects of pressure on the ball on physiological responses and time-motion characteristics during football small-sided games between elite youth male players. Methods: 56 elite male youth football players (age: 15.43 ± 0.52years) performed a 2+GK vs. 2+GK game on a 30m × 15m pitch area with two playing conditions: 1) free play (FP), the player has no limitation to play; 2) pressure on the ball (PB), the player has directly and aggressively closed down space (located within 1.5m) between themselves and the opposition player with the ball and can compete for possession. The percentage of time spent in different maximum heart rate (HRmax) zones, mean heart rate, blood lactate acid concentration, total distance covered, distance covered in three speed zones (sprint, high speed, and moderate speed), number of high speed runs, number of sprint runs, top speed, number of direction changes, and ball recovery time were monitored. Results: We found very significantly higher number of high speed runs (p < 0.001; ES = 1.154), number of direction changes (p < 0.001; ES = 2.347), ball recovery time (p < 0.001; ES = 3.529), percentage of time spent in 90%-100% HRmax (p < 0.001; ES = 3.033), mean heart rate (p < 0.001; ES = 1.940), blood lactate acid concentration (p < 0.001; ES = 2.245) and significantly higher high speed running distance covered (p = 0.004; ES = 0.520) in the PB condition. Conversely, the FP condition showed very significantly higher moderate speed running distance covered (p < 0.001; ES = 1.814) and significantly higher percentage of time spent in 80%-90% HRmax (p = 0.012; ES = 0.440). No significant differences were revealed on sprint running distance covered (p = 0.407; ES = 0.140), number of sprint runs (p = 0.103; ES = 0.279), top speed (p = 0.130; ES = 0.258) and percentage of time spent in 60%-70% HRmax (p = 0.106; ES = 0.276), 70%-80% HRmax (p = 0.358; ES = 0.155). Discussion: We found that pressure on the ball had a substantial impact on the intensity of training, as evidenced by a significantly increased high speed running performance, number of directional changes, percentage of time spent at 90%-100% of maximum heart rate, mean heart rate, and blood lactate acid concentration. Additionally, ball recovery time decreased significantly.

Improving young drivers’ speed compliance through a single dose of feedback

Feedback is an important component in learning, including the development of safe driving for novice drivers. Research shows that feedback can reduce the number of speeding occurrences, and the likelihood of speeding-related incidents and accidents, but it is not clear how often feedback should be provided. The present study builds on a series of laboratory and field studies that showed providing feedback to novice drivers about their speeding performance, financial and safety implications on one occasion after a baseline drive, improved their speed compliance on a subsequent test drive. The benefit was evident six months post intervention. The aim of the current study was to investigate on-road whether this effect could be enhanced by more frequent feedback of the same type. Seventy young drivers (54% male) were randomly allocated to one of five groups in which frequency of feedback was varied: Feedback provided on one, two, three or four occasions each spaced one week apart or no feedback. The effect of frequency of feedback was tested at weekly intervals for 4 weeks (i.e., immediately, then at subsequent sessions that occurred one, two, and three weeks after the first), then six months post-intervention. The results revealed that feedback provided on only one or two occasions was the most effective in reducing young drivers’ average speed and percentage of time speeding for lower (50 km/h) and higher (80 km/h) speed zones. The benefits were not enhanced by multiple feedback occasions. The Control (no feedback) group showed the worst speed compliance, with mean speed and percentage of time speeding increasing from the baseline. These results have important implications for the development of new training approaches to improve young drivers’ speeding behaviour.

Monitoring the external load of counter-attack drills in youth soccer using GPS devices: The influence of time pressure and numerical superiority on players’ responses

This study aimed to analyse the impact of including time pressure on players’ physical responses related to distance covered at different speed zones and accelerations performed during balanced and unbalanced small-sided soccer games. Forty-four U-17 athletes from elite clubs were recruited. Players engaged in four formats of small-sided games: 4vs4 (with and without time pressure) and 5vs4 (with and without time pressure, plus additional floaters). Physical responses were monitored through Global Positioning System devices. A MANOVA compared data at a level of significance of 5%. There were no differences between with and without time pressure formats for both distances and accelerations. However, games played in numerically balanced conditions elicited greater physical responses regarding distance covered and distances covered in different speed zones. Specifically, the numerically balanced condition showed higher distances in the higher speed zones than the floater condition, which showed higher values in the lowest speed zone than the 4vs4 condition. This study concluded that adopting the time pressure to represent counter-attack situations does not change the players’ physical responses; adopting numerical superiority without adjusting the pitch size will reduce the physical responses.

Characteristics of external loads of Hockey5s associated with the new version of U16 youth field hockey competition

External workloads associated Hockey 5 s, the new version of youth field hockey, were evaluated in 31 elite U16 male field players (15.4 ± 0.7 years) from three national teams. Mixed-longitudinal observations for the 31 players provided complete data for 33 forwards and 43 defenders. Activities of the players during games were monitored with the GPSports SPI Elite System with a sampling frequency of 10 Hz and were analysed with GPSports Team AMS (version R1 2015.14, Australia). Observed variables did not differ between forwards and defenders, and the three periods of play were differentiated only by maximal speed in the second and third periods. The greatest distances covered were in speed zone 3 (10.0–15.9 km h−1; 35.5–38.2%) and the smallest in speed zones 4 (16.0–22.9 km h−1; 14.8–15.6%) and 5 (> 23 km h−1; 0.4–1.4%). The trends indicated high intensity levels for the entire match and by position and periods. Active time of forwards and defenders accounted for about one-half of a game’s duration (~ 15.7 of 30 min). Overall, the Hockey 5s format was highly demanding of players and included relatively short intervals for recovery. The results emphasize the need for preparation that includes specific mixed anaerobic and aerobic training and also the importance of recovery during breaks.

Experimental Study of Coupled Torsional and Lateral Vibration of Vertical Rotor-to-Stator Contact in an Inviscid Fluid

Diagnosis of faults in a rotor system operating in a fluid is a complex task in the field of rotating machinery. In an ideal scenario, a forced shutdown due to rotor-stator contact failure would necessitate the replacement of the rotor or stator. However, factors such as time constraints, economic considerations, and the aging of infrastructure make it imprudent to abruptly shut down machinery that can still be safe to operate. The purpose of this paper is to present an experimental study that validates the theoretical results of the dynamic behavior and friction detection using the wavelet synchrosqueezing transformation (WSST) method for recurrent rotor-stator contacts in a fluid environment, as presented in a previous study. The investigation focused on the analysis of whirl orbits, shaft deflection, and fluctuation frequency during passage through critical speeds. The WSST method was used to decompose the dynamic responses of the rotor in the supercritical speed zone into several supercomponents. The variation of the high-frequency component was studied based on the fluctuation of the instantaneous frequency (IF) technique. Additionally, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method, in conjunction with the WSST technique, was used to calculate the variation in the amplitude of high-order frequencies in the vibration signal spectrum. The experimental study revealed that the split in resonance caused by rubbing effects is reduced when the rotor and stator interact with an inviscid fluid. However, despite the effects of elasticity and fluid boundaries generating self-excitation at low frequencies and uneven motion due to stator clearance, the experimental results were consistent with the theoretical analysis, demonstrating the effectiveness of the contact detection method based on WSST.

Detecting Speed Improvement and System Stability Enhancement for DC Microgrids Islanding Detection Based on Impedance Characteristic Analysis

Islanding detection is the essential basis for the safety and protection of dc microgrids. Due to the advantages of rapid detection speed and small nondetection zone, the positive feedback islanding detection technique has attracted much interest in recent years. The implementation of a positive feedback loop facilitates the islanding detection for dc microgrids, but it may reduce the system stability margin at the grid-connected state. In this article, the dc output impedance model of voltage source converter and distributed generators are developed to reveal the dynamic interactions and instability mechanism accurately between the two subsystems considering the impact of islanding detection with voltage positive feedback of selected frequency (VPFOSF). Then, the stability region of the interconnected system based on the output admittance model is derived to guide the design method of the damping compensator. Moreover, a grid-current-based active-damping control scheme is further proposed to mitigate instability caused by the VPFOSF loop. Thus, the conflict among islanding detection rapidity, power quality, and grid-connected system stability is effectively addressed. In the end, both the simulations and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Effects of Reduced Speed on the Benefits and Pollution of Yangtze River Ships

Yangtze River shipping causes air pollution in cities along the route, and the cost to ships should be considered while controlling emissions. This paper analyzes the impact of speed and other factors on ship emissions and profit. It discusses the potential scenarios of reducing operating costs and the management implications of influencing factors while meeting environmental policies. Partial basins are established as reduced speed zones (RSZs) based on predicting air pollutant concentrations, then modeling the operation and pollutant emissions of container ships. The research indicates that reducing speed appropriately inside RSZs can effectively reduce pollutant emissions in the area, with the extent of variation in the emissions and profit being slight for the entire voyage. Reducing speed throughout the voyage also achieves emission reduction but, ultimately, increases the ship’s sailing time. Meanwhile, the extension of RSZs, the fuel efficiency, and so forth, also affect the emissions and profit of the ship. These findings can provide insights for operators in reducing costs, as well as for environmental regulators in adjusting emission reduction regulations dynamically.

Effects of carbonization on the combustion of rice husks briquettes in a fixed bed

Carbonization of raw materials for making briquettes has been identified as a possible way of improving calorific values and fixed carbon contents of briquettes. In spite of these benefits, the main challenges of carbonization are increased percentage of ash content and energy required to process the fuel. In this study, fuels with mixtures of carbonized and raw rice husks were combusted in a fixed bed to examine the effect of carbonization on their combustion properties with an aim of establishing an optimum ratio. Bed temperature distribution, ignition, flame propagation speed, combustion rates and reaction zone thickness were investigated. All experiments were performed in a fixed bed operated in a reverse counter-current flame propagation mode. Four mixtures consisting of different ratios of carbonized rice husks were used to process briquettes; namely, 25 wt%, 50 wt%, 75 wt% and 100 wt% biochar. Air-mass flux for combustion of each mixture was varied between 0.02 and 0.6 kg/m2s. It was established that carbonization increases ignition time and peak bed temperature but lowers flame propagation speed, reaction zone thickness, and combustion rates. Briquettes with lower percentage of biochar had higher volatiles and higher devolatilization rate that shortened combustion period. Briquettes with carbonized rice husk of between 50 wt% and 75 wt% were found to have optimum combustion properties. Processing of briquettes should be done within these carbonization ratios in order to achieve desirable combustion properties.

Exactly how dangerous is drink driving? An examination of vehicle crash data to identify the comparative risks of alcohol-related crashes

This study aimed to explore how specific situational variables (remoteness, speed zones, days of the week, hours of the day) and risk factors (risky behaviours and road-related conditions) might influence the comparative likelihood and severity of alcohol-related crashes (ARCs). Vehicle crash data (N = 63,226) were analysed and included the details of crashes between 2015 and 2019. In comparison to non-ARCs, ARCs were up to two times more likely to occur in rural areas and on weekdays, and two to four times more likely in the late evening and early morning (6 p.m. to 6 a.m.). In addition, risky road conditions and driving behaviours were found to significantly increase both ARC likelihood and severity, with some factors (e.g., speeding) increasing fatality risk by up to nine times. Overall, this study highlights the specific risks associated with drink driving and highlights situational factors that may increase crash risk.

The interactions between urban heat island and heat waves amplify urban warming in Guangzhou, China: Roles of urban ventilation and local climate zones

Under the background of global warming, interaction between heat waves (HWs) and urban heat island (UHI) has led to trends of increase in the intensity, frequency, and duration of extreme heat events in urban areas, seriously threatening the health of urban populations. Taking Guangzhou (a tropical megacity in China) as an example, this study used automatic weather station data and ERA5 reanalysis data to explore the interaction between HWs and UHI, and to elucidate the effects of wind speed and local climate zones (LCZs) on such interaction. Results revealed obvious HWs–UHI interaction in Guangzhou, whereby HWs induces an amplification effect on UHI intensity (UHII) that was most significant at night. In the main urban area, UHII and HWs both weakened with increasing wind speed, indicating that low wind speeds contribute to increased occurrence of HWs and enhancement of UHII. Differently, in some areas peripheral to the main urban area, the UHII at medium wind speeds was stronger than that at low wind speeds, which reflect the impact of heat advection from the urban center. For different LCZs in the main urban area, the strongest UHII, highest risk of HW occurrence, and most significant HWs–UHI interaction were found in the compact mid-rise buildings and compact low-rise buildings (LCZ2 and LCZ3, respectively), followed by the compact high-rise buildings (LCZ1), which was mainly affected by the shading effect of high-rise buildings. The weakest UHII and lowest risk of HW occurrence were found in open high-rise buildings and open mid-rise buildings (LCZ4 and LCZ5, respectively), which generally have good ventilation conditions. Our findings will help to understand urban warming and its association with UHI and HW events in tropical urban regions, which has implications for rational improvement of the urban thermal environment in other tropical urban regions globally.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of daytime running lights (DRLs)

Introduction: Many studies have found that daytime running lights (DRLS) are effective in reducing daytime multi-vehicle crashes. From an Australian perspective, while studies exist using data from other jurisdictions, there has been uncertainty about how effective DRLs would be under Australian environmental conditions, which can differ from other parts of the world. In addition, in recent years DRLs have become a standard feature of many new vehicles. The objective of this work was to utilize Australian crash data to estimate the impact of DRLs on casualty crash risk reflecting the Australian crash population and local conditions. It also aimed to broadly examine the real-world crash-based effectiveness of DRLs currently present in the light vehicle fleet. Method: The study utilized police reported casualty crash data for crashes that occurred during 2010–2017. The analysis used induced exposure methods, which offers the potential to assess the relationship between crash risk and DRL fitment by intrinsically controlling for confounding factors. Results: It was found that DRL fitment can reduce the overall risk of being involved in a non-nighttime multi-vehicle crash where vehicle visibility may be a factor in crash causation by a statistically significant 8.8%. Estimated crash reductions were higher at dawn or dusk and in higher speed zones. Conclusion: Results provide clear evidence that mandating DRLs on all new vehicles would likely lead to reductions in the overall crash risk of the fleet through accelerating fitment through the fleet. Practical Application: DRL fitment can reduce the overall risk of being involved in a non-night-time multi-vehicle crash where vehicle visibility may be a factor in crash causation. Governments should consider a DRL mandate on all new vehicle models, including all variants to accelerate the process of fitment through the fleet. This would likely lead to reductions in the overall crash risk of the fleet.

Fluid Flow in Continuous Casting Mold for Ultra-Wide Slab.

Ultra-wide slabs have a good application market and prospect, but there is still a lack of research on the flow field. To explore the characteristics of its flow field, this study built a 0.5-scale physical model of mold using Perspex. The effect of casting speed on flow field and surface flow speed was investigated by using an ink tracer experiment and contact measurement. There were various flow patterns in the ultra-wide slab mold, and they continue to transform each other. The jet momentum from the nozzle ports was diffused by colliding with the wide face, which lowered its kinetic energy and affected its subsequent diffusion. Compared with the conventional mold, the upper flow intensity of the ultra-wide slab mold was weaker, which made its liquid surface inactive and caused it to produce a flux rim or slag strip. At different casting speeds, the average flow speed distribution of the ultra-wide slab was C-shaped. When it increased from 0.9 to 1.4 m/s, the corresponding maximum average flow speed increased from 0.08 to 0.2 m/s. At the same time, the proportion of the low-flow speed zone at the most active part of the surface also gradually decreased from more than 90% to about 49%.

RESEARCH OF OSCILLATIONS DURING END-MILLING AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE MACHINED SURFACE

Purpose. Study of oscillations that occur during end-milling and their influence on the formation of the processed surface.&#x0D; Research methods. The research was carried out using the experimental method, in which oscillograms of part oscillations were recorded with the allocation of cutting time during milling. Basic fragments of oscillograms were studied using the analytical method, on which the parameters characterizing the milling process were measured, and their relationship with the processed surface was determined.&#x0D; Results. When milling with low spindle rotation frequencies, with down and up direction of feed, the part is affected by various types of oscillations, which are characteristic of the first and second speed zones of oscillations. During up and down end-milling, only forced oscillations operate in the first high-speed oscillation zone. In the second speed zone during up milling, the accompanying natural vibrations of the technological system are superimposed on the forced oscillations. It has been experimentally and analytically proven that the resulting deviation from the position of elastic equilibrium of the first wave of the accompanying oscillations affects the pitch and height of the waviness of the processed surface, which confirms the connection between the dynamics of end-milling and shaping.&#x0D; Scientific novelty. The impact of accompanying free oscillations of the technological system during cutting on the formation of the processed surface is evaluated using parameters characterizing the dynamics of end-milling.&#x0D; Practical value. The obtained results prove the influence of the cutting speed on the amplitude of the accompanying free oscillations of the technological system and provide an opportunity to choose cutting modes that ensure vibration stability of milling.

Relationships Between Sprint, Acceleration, and Deceleration Metrics with Training Load in Division I Collegiate Women's Soccer Players.

Player load is a variable derived from GPS technology that quantifies external load demands. Sprints and change-of-direction movements are high-intensity activities that place stress on the body. Research is needed to determine which sprint metrics may relate to and predict player load during practice sessions in collegiate women's soccer players, as coaches could manipulate the most impactful variables. This study analyzed which sprint metrics related to GPS player load in women's soccer players from one Division I team. Data from 19 practice sessions for 18 field players were analyzed. Players wore GPS sensors during all training sessions, and the variables assessed were player load, sprint count, sprint volume, sprint distance, average top speed, maximum top speed, and the number of accelerations and decelerations in different speed zones (±1, ±2, ±3, ±4, ±5 m/s2). Pearson's correlations (p < 0.05) analyzed relationships between the sprint variables and player load. Stepwise regression analyses (p < 0.05) determined if any metrics predicted player load. The results indicated significant relationships between player load and sprint count, maximum top speed, sprint distance, sprint volume, number of decelerations at -1, -2, and -3 m/s2, and accelerations at 1, 2, and 5 m/s2(r = 0.512-0.861, p ≤ 0.025). Sprint distance and decelerations at 1 m/s2predicted player load (p = 0.001, r2= 0.867). Maximal sprinting and decelerations and accelerations at different speeds were significant contributors to player load in collegiate women's soccer players. Sprint distance, decelerations, and accelerations could be targeted in training drills via dimension and movement manipulation to adjust training intensity for collegiate women's soccer players.

The use of principal component analysis for reduction of training load data in professional soccer

The aim of this study was to explore the use of principal component analysis (PCA) in understanding multivariate relationships in soccer training load data. Training load data were collected from 20 professional male soccer players during a 28-week in-season period. Twelve training load variables (total distance, PlayerLoadTM, low-speed running distance, moderate-speed running distance, high-speed running distance, sprint distance, moderate-speed running efforts, high-speed running efforts, sprint efforts, accelerations, decelerations, and changes of direction) were collected during training sessions, with correlation analysis revealing high intercorrelation between most variables (r = 0.04-0.98). Principal component analysis was performed on datasets containing all players and on individual players. On the whole dataset, two principal components were retained explaining a total of 81% of data variance. The first component comprised variables associated with distances in speed zones and the second component changes of direction. Whilst some individual variation existed among players, distances in speed zones were loaded on the first component and inertial movement analysis variables, such as accelerations, decelerations, and changes of direction, were loaded on the second component. These findings evidence the strong relationships between several common training load variables and highlight the risk of data redundancy. By selecting variables from each component, practitioners can reduce the number of variables reported whilst retaining as much of the variation in data as possible.

Study on Dust Migration Law and Spray Dust Suppression Technology in Fully Mechanized Mining Face

To effectively solve the problem of high dust concentration during coal cutting and frame shifting in fully mechanized mining faces, based on the theory of gas–solid two-phase flow, a geometric model of a fully mechanized mining face was established by using COMSOL numerical simulation software. Simulations were performed for the movement characteristics of wind flow and the law of dust diffusion. Results show that the air flow at the junction of the working face, the air inlet, the hydraulic support moving area, and the vicinity of the shearer has accelerated movement, and the maximum wind speed zone of about 3 m/s can be formed. Under the influence of wind flow, dust particles above 35 μm settle faster, while dust particles below 35 μm are very vulnerable to the influence of wind flow, and the settling speed is slower. Using a custom experimental platform, the atomization characteristics and wind resistance of a pressure fan nozzle, a supersonic nozzle, and an ultrasonic nozzle were tested, and the nozzle that was suitable for the scheme was selected and applied in the field. Comparing the dust concentration before and after the application of the dust removal scheme at the sampling point, results show that the dust removal efficiency of the proposed scheme exceeds 85%, and the treatment effect is good.

Simulation of process of sand mass transfer over road

This article presents the results of theoretical studies to substantiate the optimal parameters of sand-proof structures and their influence on the amount of retained sand; to establish the nature of the distribution of air-sand flow when flowing around the roadbed of highways and the speed zone of this flow; the shapes and installation dimensions of sand-proof structures, as well as the nature of the drift of individual parts of the highway with sand. For clarity, the results are presented in the form of illustrations.

A Sensor Placement Strategy for Comprehensive Urban Heat Island Monitoring

Urban heat islands (UHIs) increase the energy consumption of cities and impact the health of its residents. In light of the correlation between energy consumption and health and UHI variations observed at a local level within the canopy layer, satellite-derived land surface temperatures (LSTs) may be insufficient to provide comprehensive information about these deleterious effects. For both LST and air temperatures to be collected in a spatially representative and continuous manner, and for the process to be affordable, on-ground temperature and humidity sensors must be strategically placed. This study proposes a strategy for placing on-ground sensors that utilizes the spatial variation of measurable factors linked to UHI (i.e., seasonal variation in LSTs, wind speed, wind direction, bareness, and local climate zones), allowing for the continuous measurement of UHI within the canopy layer. As a representative city, Pune, India, was used to demonstrate how to distribute sensors based on the spatial variability of UHI-related variables. The proposed method may be helpful for any city requiring local-level observations of UHI, regardless of the climate zone. Further, we evaluate the placement of low-cost technology sensors that use LoRaWAN technology for this purpose, in order to overcome the problem of high costs associated with traditional in-situ weather stations.

Too close for comfort: A mixed methods study to understand self-reported tailgating using the theory of planned behaviour

BackgroundTailgating (following a lead vehicle too closely) is a key contributor to crashes and injury. While vehicle technology has the potential to reduce the trauma resulting from tailgating, full market penetration of these technologies is some time away. In the meantime, efforts to improve road safety can focus on supporting safer driver behaviour by targeting motivations for this behaviour. MethodA mixed methods design was used to understand reasons why drivers tailgate and potential countermeasures to reduce this behaviour. Qualitative data from 247 drivers (males = 29 %; mean age = 39.86; SD = 14.39) were sought to understand circumstances when drivers are tailgated and when they report tailgating. In a second study, 736 drivers (males = 41 %; mean age = 37.69; SD = 14.27) responded to questions developed from the qualitative findings to quantify the frequency of tailgating and reasons behind it. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was applied to understand whether self-reported intention to tailgate could be predicted by attitudes, perceived social acceptance of the behaviour, perceived behavioural control, and past tailgating behaviour. ResultsTailgating was a common behaviour. All drivers in the first study had experienced being tailgated by other drivers, while 77% had tailgated other vehicles; albeit 55% reported this was rare. Tailgating was unintentional (due to dense traffic; or lack of knowledge of safe following distance recommendations) or intentional (due to pressure from other drivers, anger or to change others’ behaviour). Structural equation modelling showed that TPB constructs of attitude, social norms, perceived behavioural control and past tailgating behaviour predicted intention to tailgate, accounting for 66% of the variance. ConclusionTPB is a useful framework for explaining tailgating behaviour, or at least the intention to tailgate, and to develop interventions. These could focus on education of the risks of tailgating, the recommended safe following distances as well as strategies to support drivers maintaining safe following distances across different speed zones.

Relationships between technical and physical match performance in elite soccer

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential associations between physical and technical match performance and to compare these activities in relation to the match outcome. Materials and methods: The research was based on an analysis of 622 matches of the Polish Ekstraklasa during three consecutive seasons. Such variables as total distance, distance covered in different speed zones, effective playing time, ball possession, number of passes and passing accuracy were taken into account. Results: Effective playing time (Et) was significantly and fairly correlated with total distance (r = 0.39, p &lt; 0.001), ball possession (r = 0.50, p &lt; 0.001), number of passes (r = 0.40, p &lt; 0.001), number of accurate passes (r = 0.43, p &lt; 0.001) and passing accuracy (r = 0.42, p &lt; 0.001). The comparison of the match performance according to the game outcome indicated that the total and sprinting distance covered by winning teams were significantly (p &lt; 0.01) longer than in losing teams (113.3 vs 112.7 km). In turn, the defeated teams had signifi-cantly greater ball possession (28.3 vs 26.4 mins) and performed a larger number of passes (470 vs 428) than the winning teams. Conclusions: Et is one of the factors influencing the physical and technical match performance. Coaches should be aware that their team will have to cover a longer distance when playing against teams that prefer to keep the ball.