Context Of Speech Research Articles

A stylistic analysis of the language of crisis (Covid-19): A transitivity and modality-based study

Speech, simply, is a kind of communication used to convey a speaker's intentions and ideas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and interpret transitivity and modality as well as their use in Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus' Speeches on COVID-19. The data consists of transcripts of two speeches presented at the COVID-19 media briefings on March 11, 2020, and April 1, 2021, which are published on the (World Health Organization website) (www.who.int). The transcripts are reviewed and examined in terms of Halliday's (1994) 'Transitivity theory, as well as Lock's (1996) 'Modality theory'. The findings show that the speeches employed rational, material, mental, behavioral, and linguistic transitivity processes, as well as obligation, potentiality, ability, inclination, usuality, and probability modality. The usage of transitivity and modality, with reference to the context of speeches, reveals different interpretations of meaning. Furthermore, this study contributes and adds efficient methods and good practices to health socialization throughout the pandemic, which has a significant impact on the public's understanding of how to correctly handle COVID-19.

Socio-Pragmatic Functions of Greeting Expressions in Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language Textbooks

Greetings serve as a fundamental aspect of human communication, playing a pivotal role in establishing and maintaining social relationships. This research investigates the socio-pragmatic functions of greetings reflected in teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language (TFL) textbooks, aiming to shed light on how the intricate interplay between language, culture, and social interaction is reflected in teaching materials. With this aim, greeting exchanges from five different series of TFL textbooks were collected and analyzed. In the quantitative analyses, the frequency of each form and strategy of greetings were determined in the data. In the qualitative analyses, the classification and pragmatic functions of the greetings were investigated by analyzing different variables such as the gender of the speakers, time relations, familiarity between the speakers, formality/speaker roles, the speech context, and the photographic details accompanying greetings. The data was also analyzed according to Ebsworth et al.’s (1995) categorization of American greetings. The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) levels of the textbooks under focus were considered in the analyses. The findings showed that greeting forms have mostly been reflected in the A1 level according to the CEFR criteria and the most frequently reflected form of greeting in Turkish is merhaba (Ar. marhaba/Eng. hello) in the current data. In terms of the socio-linguistic/pragmatic and non-verbal aspects regarding greetings and the classification and the socio-pragmatic functions of greetings in TFL textbooks, various reflections of the role of greetings in shaping social interaction in Turkish culture were also displayed.

Multifunctionality of discourse marker portanto in Braga’s speech

"Multifunctionality of discourse marker portanto in Braga’s Speech. This paper explores the multifunctionality and usage patterns of the discourse marker portanto in Braga’s speech. Our main goal is to propose a revised description of portanto, while acknowledging the validity of previous research on the topic. The investigation focused on the co-occurrence of functions associated with portanto, emphasizing its pivotal role in speech construction. The frequency distribution of portanto usage was found to be consistent with earlier studies, affirming its most prevalent application as a filler (marker). Our study also highlighted that an excessive use of discourse markers can create the illusion of coherence, rather than genuinely ensuring it, especially in contexts characterized by frequent pauses, verbal hesitations, and syntactic interruptions. Furthermore, this research examined the influence of discourse genre on portanto’s usage patterns. Notably, the two predominant uses observed in Braga’s speech were linked to specific aspects of sociolinguistic interviews, particularly the recollection of life stories and features of spontaneous speech. The findings enrich our understanding of this discourse marker's multifaceted role in facilitating coherent communication and its significance in various speech contexts. Keywords: Braga’s speech, colloquial register, discourse markers, European Portuguese, multifunctionality."

NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS OF SPEECH-IMPAIRED JUNIOR PUPILS

The connection between speech and cognitive impairments may be the key to understanding more general mechanisms of children's brain development. The identification, analysis, and understanding of speech impairments open up opportunities for the development of new teaching methods, rehabilitation programs, and support for children and their families in overcoming such difficulties. Particular attention should be paid to a multidisciplinary approach to the study of this issue. This approach combines the efforts of psychologists, educators, speech therapists, and medical professionals. This study aimed to investigate the neuropsychological features of cognitive functions of junior pupils with speech impairment. The research employed a comprehensive methodology based on neuropsychological tests and theoretical studies. The authors found that speech disorders among junior pupils indicate the presence of speech difficulties. Moreover, they can also be indicators of certain cognitive developmental disorders. Such peculiarities in speech and cognitive functions can lead to problems in learning, social integration, and emotional well-being. A timely detection of these features and their subsequent correction are the keys to ensuring optimal conditions for the child's development and successful societal adaptation. The main value of this study comes from the fact that it offers a holistic view of the problem. Moreover, it focuses on the broad context of influence shaping speech and cognitive development. The article is recommended for consideration by specialists in the fields of education, psychology, and medicine who are interested in expanding their knowledge and improving their practical skills in working with children with special needs.

The specifics of conditional conjunctions in modern Russian

The subject of research are the conjunctions used in a complex sentence to convey conditional relations. In the Russian language, the group of conjunctions capable of expressing the meaning of a condition is quite voluminous. In this article we turn to an insufficiently deeply developed issue, namely, the analysis of conjunctions located on the periphery of the means condition expressions. The purpose of the study is to identify conjunctions based on lexicographic sources and speech contexts that can express a conditional relation, and, using the example of a conjunction "добро бы", describe its semantic and pragmatic potential. The article uses the descriptive method, as well as the method of definitional analysis and elements of component and transformational analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that 1) the analysis of dictionary entries of conditional conjunctions is given, the grouping of conditional conjunctions is described; 2) the experience of a comprehensive analysis of the conjunction of "добро бы" is demonstrated and its additional meanings (presumptive condition, conditionally opposed), as well as modal shades (assessment and desire) are revealed. The conclusions and materials of the study can be used in lectures, special courses and special seminars for students of philological and pedagogical specialties, in improving school curricula, creating textbooks, collections of exercises. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that, despite the many scientific papers devoted to specific conjunctions that are located in the central zone of the means of expressing conditional relations, the question of the interpretative potential of peripheral conditional conjunctions (the number of which is very large) has not been worked out deeply enough.

К вопросу о дипломатическом дискурсе современного Китая

The country’s top leaders not only directly influence the internal political process, but also influence the percep-tion and decision-making of leaders of other countries, and play an important role in diplomacy and interna-tional relations. The article is devoted to the characteristics of modern diplomatic discourse in China. The sub-ject of the study is the foreign policy discourse of the PRC, the object is the ideas and concepts of Xi Jinping’s diplomatic speeches. The main views of modern Chinese researchers of political discourse are presented; the speeches of Chinese leader Xi Jinping in 2023 are analyzed. The author concludes that in the practice of inter-national relations, General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the use of traditional philosophical principles in regulating relations with neighboring countries and other countries of the world. The context of the Chinese leader's foreign policy speeches demonstrates their significant role in promoting national diplomacy and shaping the international strategy of China’s interaction with other actors of global development through participation in international programs and the creation of global institutions.

Traditional and Visual-Acoustic Biofeedback Treatment via Telepractice for Residual Speech Sound Disorders Affecting /ɹ/: Pilot study.

This study aimed to examine the feasibility of telepractice delivery of a treatment package including visual-acoustic biofeedback and motor-based treatment for residual speech sound disorder affecting /ɹ/ in school-age children. The overall study used a single-case randomization design; however, this preliminary report will simply quantify changes in accuracy before and after completion of the treatment package. The present analysis did not differentiate between the relative contributions of biofeedback and motor-based treatments. Seven children aged 9-14 received speech therapy for /ɹ/ distortions via telepractice. The study design consisted of three phases: baseline (four sessions), treatment (20 sessions), and post-treatment (three sessions). Treatment included two sessions weekly for a duration of 10 weeks. The participants received one motor-based/non-biofeedback session and one visual-acoustic biofeedback session per week. The order of treatment within each week was randomly determined prior to the start of therapy. Overall progress was assessed using untrained listeners' ratings of word probes administered in the baseline and posttreatment phases. Findings revealed that six of the seven participants showed a clinically significant response to the overall treatment package, although the magnitude of individual responses varied across speech contexts (consonantal and vocalic) and participants. The present results suggest that a treatment combining visual-acoustic biofeedback and motor-based treatment for residual /ɹ/ errors treatment can be effectively delivered via telepractice. Considerations for technology setup and treatment protocols are provided.

Gender Attributions by Cisgender and Gender Diverse Listeners Rating Vowels, Reading, and Monologues

To determine if listeners' attributions of speakers' gender vary by linguistic context and/or the listeners' gender identity. Seventeen self-identified transgender adults assigned male at birth were audio-recorded prolonging /a/, reading sentences, and saying spontaneous monologues. Eighteen adults (10 cisgender and 8 gender-diverse individuals) listened and used a 1-5 scale (1: very masculine, 2: somewhat masculine, 3: androgynous, 4: somewhat feminine, and 5: very feminine) to rate the gender attribution of each speech sample. The intra-rater reliability was moderate to excellent (0.62-1.00). Ratings by cisgender and gender-diverse listeners were not significantly different. Ratings were not significantly different between different speech contexts of vowel, reading, and spontaneous monologue speech samples. Transwomen have many variables available to consider and use in their communication. The linguistic context (eg, reading a speech versus spontaneous monologue) or listener's gender does not appear to be highly influential factors in how listeners attribute gender.

Unveiling deixis expressions in the Oxford junior secondary English webinar by Icy Lee

The significance of deixis expression within the English language context, particularly within the spoken form, is crucial for the further examination of deixis as a specific area of pragmatics in order to enhance the theory and practice of verbal communication development. Thus, this recent investigation aimed to assess the presence of deixis in the Oxford junior secondary English webinar conducted by Icy Lee from a pragmatics and discourse analysis perspective. The researchers employed a qualitative research approach and adopted a descriptive analysis method. The data were acquired from a webinar video available on the YouTube channel and website of the Oxford junior secondary English webinar. The transcripts were meticulously analyzed and evaluated based on Levinson’s (1983) theory. In summary, the findings uncovered that Icy Lee’s webinar exhibited five classifications of deixis: person, time, social, discourse, and place deixis. Notably, person deixis was the most frequently utilized category, accounting for 223 utterances (48%). Each deictic expression possesses a diverse significance contingent upon the speech context. However, certain implications were still brought to light in this current investigation, and it is anticipated that subsequent researchers will explore the webinar in alternative contexts.

Meningkatkan Pemahaman Makna Konteks Tuturan melalui Bahasa “Plesetan” pada Lagu-lagu Populer Indonesia

The emergence of new languages led to the occurrence of interesting language phenomena, one of which was the language of plesetan. People's language skills are increasingly creative in expressing critical things, including those that are political. This study aims to describe the forms and types of plesetan language games. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The object of this study is specifically determined in the lyrics of popular songs in Indonesia taken from online media. Data in the form of words or sentences in the lyrics of popular songs in Indonesia. Data is transcribed from images and converted into sentences and/or words. Data was collected using documentation, reading, and transcript techniques. The data triangulation technique used, namely source triangulation, is to check several related sources to test the credibility of research data. The data analysis process is carried out using a qualitative model from Miles and Huberman through 3 steps, namely data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the plesetan language games that appeared in the lyrics of popular songs in Indonesia proved that people's language skills are increasingly creative in expressing critical things, including political ones. Discussing the use of plesetan language, will be able to increase people's insight in responding to and using pun language, especially in understanding the context of speech in the missed song

The pragmatics of advice-giving in the media discourse

Abstract This study investigated how the gender of the contestants in TV talent competitions affects male and female judges’ management of their advice, exemplified by evaluative talks in two Taiwan-based talent contests. In addition to the pragmatic configuration of the advising acts, the internal and external modifiers of the advising speech events were also analyzed in an attempt to gain insights into whether and how the advice messages are instrumental in the construction of gender identities. Results showed that deviating from the stereotypical gendered style of communication, the female judges utilized significantly fewer politeness mechanisms than did their male counterparts to moderate their advice. Besides, the psychological needs and face want of the male and female advice-receivers remarkably influenced the discursive moves of the given advice comments. These findings suggested that in the public media discourse, the speech context outweighs the socially prescribed gendered styles of communication on one’s advice-giving behavior.

Inversion in the Holy Quran and its Deviation from the Normal

Despite the controversy between supporters of the opinion that inversion in the Holy Quran did happen and the opponents of this opinion, one can say that inversion is a reality in this book of truth. This is because the styles used in the Quran are the same ones that have been used by Arabs. It is interesting that Allah challenged the Arabs to use these styles and made them unable to put out something similar in terms of system, method and composition. The Arabs also tended to adopt these styles in their poetry and prose. Their goal of using them were different literary purposes like exaggeration, intimidation and interest etc. the inversion also has been used in the Quran for many various purposes that can be understood from the speech context. The inversion also shows the miraculous nature of the Quran.

Gestures cued by demonstratives in speech guide listeners' visual attention during spatial language comprehension.

Gestures help speakers and listeners during communication and thinking, particularly for visual-spatial information. Speakers tend to use gestures to complement the accompanying spoken deictic constructions, such as demonstratives, when communicating spatial information (e.g., saying "The candle is here" and gesturing to the right side to express that the candle is on the speaker's right). Visual information conveyed by gestures enhances listeners' comprehension. Whether and how listeners allocate overt visual attention to gestures in different speech contexts is mostly unknown. We asked if (a) listeners gazed at gestures more when they complement demonstratives in speech ("here") compared to when they express redundant information to speech (e.g., "right") and (b) gazing at gestures related to listeners' information uptake from those gestures. We demonstrated that listeners fixated gestures more when they expressed complementary than redundant information in the accompanying speech. Moreover, overt visual attention to gestures did not predict listeners' comprehension. These results suggest that the heightened communicative value of gestures as signaled by external cues, such as demonstratives, guides listeners' visual attention to gestures. However, overt visual attention does not seem to be necessary to extract the cued information from the multimodal message. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

KONTEKS UJARAN DALAM BERITA ACARA PERKARA KASUS BODY SHAMING DI PENGADILAN NEGERI MAKASSAR: TINJAUAN LINGUISTIK FORENSIK

The Context of Speech in the Minutes of Cases of Body Shaming at the Makassar District Court: A Forensic Linguistic Study. The purpose of this study is to describe the context of the speech and find out the existing legal review of the body shaming case at the Makassar District Court. This research is a descriptive study using the ethnographic theory of communication. The object of research is the case report. The data collection instruments in this study were the documentation method and note-taking. The data that has been identified is then broken down into SPEAKING elements, which are an acronym for building elements of the context of speech events. Furthermore, the SPEAKING elements consist of settings and scenes, participants, ends, acts, keys, instrumentals, standards, and genres. The results showed that the use of the word "cilang" in the sentence "Oee Cilang, stop! (Oi Cilang, stop it!)" uttered by Risma was not in the swearing category.

Echo Construction and Ad hoc Categories: Semantics of Group Reference in Magahi

Recent studies in the domain of heterogeneous plural indicate homogeneous and heterogeneous categories as two separate functional mechanisms. Given the strategic usage of language, the paper locates the pluralizing strategies in speech context and investigates their interpretive nature from the perspective of (non)/restrictive parametric features of categories like associative (APL), similative (SPL) and definite plural in Magahi (ISO639-2 mag), an Indo-Aryan language. Focusing on variables within members of the ad hoc set over the speech act variables like context, intersubjectivity, and culture, the paper endeavours to perceive pluralizing as a strategic approach that extends beyond the realm of mere a number reference. It closely observes the phenomenon of homogeneous and heterogeneous plurality and makes the following claims: (a) echo construction functions as heterogeneous plural in Magahi, (b) the heterogeneous plural falls within the parametric feature of nominal plurality, (c) there is heterogeneity in the homogeneous sets, thus, pluralizing is beyond plural, (d) SPL and APL are two categories because of their interpretational differences and not because of operational, and (e) APLs can have describable references.

The Discourse of Power/The Power of Discourse

The Valley of Kashmir has a rich Folklore and folk literature is an integral part of Kashmiri Culture. Folkloristics maintains that the message conveyed through folklore may appear simple but it is intertwined with complexities. This paper attempts to study the folklore of Kashmir through an analysis of Kashmiri proverbs to uncover the simple/complex message transmitted through proverbs. The endeavour is to highlight how folklore is informed by Power relations and how the conception of Power interlaces the content, milieu and purpose of folklore. Michel Foucault traces the role of discourse underlying seemingly neutral context of speech, representation and knowledge. Along with Foucault’s concept of discourse, insights from feminist theory have also been employed to expose the discourse of patriarchy, religion and authority in Kashmiri folk literature. The study investigates the power structure inherent in the proverbs of Kashmir and attempts to unravel how discourse constructs unequal power relations. The attempt is to illustrate how power abuse is enacted, reproduced and legitimized.

О НЕКИМ ФОНЕТСКИМ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКАМА СРПСКИХ ГОВОРА У РУМУНИЈИ (СВИНИЦА)

The paper presents some basic phonetic features of Serbian languages in Romania produced by speakers from Svinita: traits from the domain of vocalism (inventory and distribution), semi-vowel, syllabic l, final l, syllabic, vocal groups are reviewed, as well as certain features from the domain of consonantism. On the basis of field research carried out in September 2022, as part of the project Research on the Culture and History of the Serbs in Romania, which takes place within the Center for Scientific Research and Culture of the Serbs in Romania, funded by the Union of Serbs in Romania, the collected material was analyzed and are described in the paper and supported by examples of the characteristic phonetic features of this speech, so that it could be seen in the wider context of other speeches in the territory of Romania and Serbia.

Cumulative exposure to fast speech conditions duration of content words in English

AbstractThis paper tests the idea that the speech rate with which surrounding words are spoken affects the mental representation of words and conditions production of words. This possibility is operationalized by measuring a word's ratio of occurrence in speaker-relative fast speech. Other variables shown in the literature to influence speech rate are controlled for in a 10,000-iteration bootstrapping procedure of a mixed-effect linear regression model. The results of the analysis of 39,397 tokens of content words from 1,232 word types in English display a significant effect for a word's ratio of conditioning in speaker-relative fast speech, although the effect size is small or very small. Other variables shown in the literature to condition speech rate also significantly condition speech rate here. This paper suggests that in addition to other aspects of the context of use of words, contextual speech rate also influences the mental representation of words.

Tutur Kata Penonton Piala Dunia 2022

2022 World Cup international event. Furthermore, the context of the audience's speech while watching together provides an overview of how Indonesian people express themselves through speech when watching World Cup matches. The purpose of this study is to explore the forms of speech acts by the public during collective World Cup viewing. The research was conducted in the city of Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi, using qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques included observation, recording, note-taking, and interviews. Based on the described research results, the identified forms of speech acts tend to be expressive and emotional. Declarative speech acts accounted for 6 instances, imperative speech acts for 4 instances, and interrogative speech acts for 4 instances. The audience's speech patterns were influenced by factors such as the atmosphere, gender, and age. The study findings illustrate the dynamic nature of the audience's response, as the unpredictable World Cup matches often exceeded the audience's expectations. Consequently, people's words when watching the 2022 World Cup together could change depending on the ongoing match situation and conditions. Emotions such as joy, disappointment, sadness, annoyance, and disbelief were common expressions witnessed during these matches.

Context and its Role in Explaining The Significance of Structure

For the context of both types of language with its potential within the context of the text and the current context, with its multiple capabilities that determine its significance, including the speaker's intention or habit of speaking, or his form, his shape, features, signs, and gestures, all of which are elements of the context of the situation. All these elements, all of which are elements of the context of the situation, in addition to the elements of the linguistic context, are of great importance in demonstrating the significance of the structures by structures here I mean (the plural of the structure) of sentences or sentence as a full-fledged construct. If this is determined, can the semantics of some structures indicate a certain meaning, while the context indicates linguistically, currently, or both, that this structure has another meaning or connotation other than this semantics, Can the significance of a sentence with a single syntactic form differ as it moves its text from one context to another? These are two important things that these lines of this research will examine, explaining before that what the linguistic context and the current context are. This research will follow the descriptive approach and the analytical method. The research came in a preamble and two sections followed by a conclusion including the results of the research. The research included several results, including: To uncover the meaning, it is necessary to know the speaker's intention through the various indicators, because the significance of words is not inherent in themselves, but is dependent on the speaker's purpose and will. The text alone does not indicate the meaning, but it is necessary to discern other evidence that represents what we call the speech context with its different elements. This context includes studying the speaker's personality and the circumstances of the speech. The research included a number of Recommendations, including: 1- Readers, critics, and researchers should rely, in their reading, studies, and interpretation of the text, in poetry or prose, on everything that can be relied upon in reading the text, including what we call the verbal stance with its various elements. This stance includes a study of the personality of the speaker and the circumstances of speech. Relying in reading and interpreting the text on the presumption of the context as it is the major grammatical evidence, and studying the text based on that, a study that reveals the meanings within it. The first section was entitled: the concept of context and its types, and the second section was entitled: the linguistic and current context and their role in the statement of the significance of the compositions, and then comes the conclusion including the results of the research.