Delayed Speech Development Research Articles

Auditory Brainstem Response Testing in Children with Speech and Language Pathology: A Non-Randomized Observational Study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings of normal-hearing preschool children with different types of speech and language pathology. Methods: This retrospective, non-randomized, cohort study was conducted at a tertiary speech and hearing rehabilitation institution according to STROBE guidelines. The study enrolled 123 preschool children diagnosed with speech language pathology and normal hearing. The participants included children with developmental language disorder, autism spectrum disorder, isolated articulation pathology, organic brain lesions, cognitive delay, and a group of very young children with clinically significant speech development delay. All patients underwent standard ABR procedures. Results: The latencies were the longest in the group of children with organic lesion, followed by the group of children with autism spectrum disorder, then the group with developmental language disorder, and the young children group. In the group of children with articulation pathology and the cognitive delay group, the latencies were the shortest. Conclusion: This study showed a connection between several groups of children with language pathology that includes comprehension problems and prolongation of ABR latencies.

<i>SPTAN1</i>-associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

The article presents the clinical cases of 6 patients with epilepsy, psychomotor and speech developmental delay. The heterozygous variants of the nucleotide sequence in SPTAN1 gene were detected by whole exome sequencing. Mutations in SPTAN1 gene have been described in patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5 (ОMIM: 613477). The clinical history, electroencephalographic and magnetic resonance imaging data of our patients are similar in children with variants in SPTAN1 gene described previously. It was shown that variants in SPTAN1 gene located closer to the C-terminal region are associated with a more severe phenotype, whereas the variants near the N-region – with a milder course of the disease without structural brain anomalies. However, further research is necessary in the future to better understand genotype-phenotypic correlations in SPTAN1-associated encephalopathy.

Edukasi sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan Anak Usia Dini

Early childhood in children is an extraordinary stage of development. Children experience complex physical growth and mental development. The child's reaction and adaptation to environmental stimuli occurs quickly. However, at this time it is also prone to health problems including problems with malnutrition, stunting, obesity problems, respiratory and digestive tract infections, delays in speech development, and emotional problems. Therefore, education for parents to optimize early childhood health is urgently needed. This community service program aims to increase parental knowledge in improving early childhood health. This program was implemented in January 2023 with 25 parents attending the meeting. The method used in this activity is to provide education to parents by carrying out pre-test and post-test. The target of community service is all parents (mothers) who have early childhood children. Mothers have an average age of 32.72 years with an age variation of 4.89, the minimum age is 26 years and the oldest is 42 years. Most of them are housewives (68%) with the most education being high school or vocational school graduates, namely 40%. Providing education about optimizing early childhood health resulted in an average increase in mother's knowledge of 0.76 or the equivalent of 5.06%. These results indicate an increase in parental knowledge in improving early childhood health. This is expected to increase the capacity of parents in optimizing their child health.

A Case Report of Riboflavin Treatment and Cochlear Implants in a 4-Year-Old Girl with Progressive Hearing Loss and Delayed Speech Development: Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere Syndrome.

BACKGROUND Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere (BVVL) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in intestinal riboflavin transporter genes, resulting in a motor neuron disorder of childhood, which can be associated with sensorineural deafness. This report describes a 4-year-old Polish girl with progressive hearing loss and delayed speech development diagnosed with Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome who was treated with riboflavin (vitamin B2) and cochlear implants. CASE REPORT The case report concerns a girl from Poland who, at the age of 2 years 10 months, developed progressive atypical neurological symptoms of unknown etiology: ataxia of the upper and lower limbs, gait abnormalities, generalized muscle weakness, visual and hearing problems, and regression of speech development. A karyotype study (whole-exome sequencing) revealed alterations within SLC52A2, leading to the diagnosis of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome and initiation of high-dose riboflavin treatment. As a 4-year-old child, she presented to the Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing-World Hearing Center in Poland with progressive hearing loss and speech regression. Hearing tests revealed bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss with auditory neuropathy. Surgical treatment was applied in the form of bilateral cochlear implantation. CONCLUSIONS This report shows the importance of genetic testing in infants who present with atypical symptoms or signs. In this case, the diagnosis of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome resulted in timely correction of the genetic riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency and improved hearing following the use of cochlear implants.

Dynamics of speech development for young children with delayed speech development in the conditions of parent involvement in speech therapy

Introduction. The need for speech development of young children with delayed speech development is indicated in theoretical and practical studies as prevention of the risk of general speech underdevelopment. The aim of the study is to assess the dynamics of speech development for young children with delayed speech development in the conditions of parent involvement in speech therapy work for the prevention of general speech underdevelopment. Materials and methods. The study involved 88 young children with delayed speech development at the age of 2.4 ± 0.3 years, 88 parents at the age of 25 ± 3 years. The following research methods and techniques were used: Psychological and Pedagogical Diagnostics of Early and Preschool Age Children Development by Strebeleva, E.A., The Methodology of Studying the Prerequisites for the Formation of Young Children’s Speech by Gerasimenko, Yu.V., Diagnostics of Mental Development Level for Children from 0 to 3 by Smirnova, E.O., questionnaire revealing readiness of parents for speech therapy work by Borodina, V. A., Vasilyeva, K. S.; statistical processing was carried out using the Student’s t–test. Results. The data obtained allowed us to note that a low level of articulatory motor skills and fine motor skills, a low level of impressive and expressive speech prevails among young children with delayed speech development (DSD). The survey of parents showed a low level of information readiness and an average level of motivational readiness to be included in the remedial and developmental process. Significant changes in the speech development of young children in the experimental group (tempEG=7.744; p>0.001) occurred after the application of a specially developed programme, provided that parents were involved in the prevention of general speech underdevelopment of young children with delayed speech development, whereas for children in the control group the dynamics was less pronounced (tempCG=2.571; p>0.05). This fact proves the effectiveness of the implemented speech therapy work with young children to overcome the risk of general speech underdevelopment, provided that parents are involved in the speech therapy process. Conclusion. The data obtained in the study of speech development features of young children with delayed speech development allow us to state that the effectiveness of early speech therapy increased after the involvement of parents in speech therapy work to prevent general speech underdevelopment due to the activation of independent speech, the development of articulatory and fine motor skills, the development of passive and active vocabulary, as well as the formation of coherent speech. The results of the experimental study can become the basis for the development of a comprehensive programme of early care for children at risk for the occurrence of general speech underdevelopment and professional development programmes for specialists, working in early remedial care.

Prader-Willi syndrome: innovative rehabilitation technologies

The article discusses the rare and difficult to diagnose and treat Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). The review part of the article presents the issues of its epidemiology, genetic and clinical manifestations of PWS; the role of hypothalamic dysfunction leading to growth hormone defi ciency, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome is emphasized. The results of studies concerning speech and intellectual development delay and neuropsychiatric disorders in children with PWS are presented. On the example of clinical observation of a child with this genetic syndrome, along with known methods of treatment, modern possibilities of using innovative rehabilitation technologies, including transcranial micropolarization and bioacoustic correction, are shown.

The effect of adaptive physical education on the development of children with speech delays in a preschool educational institution

The review article raises an actual problem related to the study of children with delayed speech development in a preschool educational institution. On the basis of the analysis of scientific and methodical literature, the peculiarities of psychomotor and cognitive development of children with speech disorders in the conditions of a preschool institution were analyzed and summarized. The most effective means of physical education and methods of organizing children's activities with children with speech delay in children's society are considered. Results. Based on the results of literary sources, it was established that preschool children with speech delay are characterized by: lag in indicators of physical and mental development of motor skills, communication in communication with peers, adaptive opportunities in society are violated, adaptive attention, unstable attention, as a result of which there is a deterioration of mood and self-esteem. But at the same time, there are also trends in the direction of improving methods and programs for the most effective search for overcoming this nosological problem in children's society.
 Conclusions. The development of children with speech disorders has a significantly different vector compared to healthy children who study in a preschool educational institution. Means of physical education for children of this nosology is considered as one of the main links of improving not only cognitive and psychomotor functions, but also includes measures to improve components of health, which include the mental, physical, social, spiritual, and moral development of children in the preschool environment.

Type III mucopolysaccharidosis: literature review and clinical observation

Introduction. Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo syndrome) is a rare multi-stem disease caused by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the cells of various organs, leading to a violation of their function, specific phentopic signs and progressive neurocognitive disorders. Neurologic manifestations are leading in the clinical picture of the disease, as by the time of manifestation, and by severity. In most patients, in the first and even second years of life, children have normal development or indistinctly pronounced deviations. In the absence of substitute enzyme therapy for this type of MPS, a severe delay in intellectual and speech development develops rapidly, recurrent respiratory episodes in the form of pneumonia and bronchial obstruction are observed, the child is disabled early. Polymorphism and non-specificity of clinical manifestations, lack of alertness of doctors to orphan diseases are a common cause of late diagnosis of MPS. The article presents an overview of data on the prevalence, genetic and phenotypic variants of type III mucopolysaccharidosis, features of patient management and presentation of clinical observation of a child with this pathology.Clinical observation. We present our own prolonged clinical observation of a type III MPS case in a patient who has been under our supervision for 12 years. The diagnosis was established and confirmed at the age of three years. The disease was manifested by neuropsychiatric regression and systemic somatic manifestations. Motor deficits, cognitive impairments with the development of dementia and recurrent aspiration syndrome progressed in the dynamics of the child.Conclusions. The classical clinical picture of type III MPS is distinguished by the aggressive development of cognitive and motor disorders at 2–3 years of life, characteristic phenotypic and somatic manifestations of the disease. This case demonstrates the multiplicity of problems and the need for interaction between doctors of various specialties.

Angelman syndrome in two siblings: clinical case

Background. Angelman syndrome (AS) is rare genetic disease characterized by severe mental retardation, gross developmental speech delay, facial dysmorphia, disorders of motor activity, behavior and sleep, epileptic seizures manifestation. Pathology refers to diseases of genomic imprinting. There are four possible mechanisms of pathology development in Angelman syndrome: 15q11.2-q13 deletion on the chromosome 15 of maternal origin, mutation of the ubiquitin ligase (UBE3A) gene at the 15q11.2 locus on the chromosome 15 of maternal origin, uniparental disomy of the 15q11.2-q13 region of paternal origin, imprinting center defect.Clinical case description. Clinical picture of Angelman syndrome in two twin sibs (boy E., girl V.) observed in Children’s City Clinical Hospital № 1 in Nizhny Novgorod is presented. Children from consecutive pregnancy with dichorionic-diamniotic twins; preterm birth at 30 weeks. There was burdened obstetric-biological and perinatal history due to the threatened miscarriage during this pregnancy and due to asphyxia of both children during delivery. The disease has classical course in both patients: static functions development delay, gross developmental speech and intellectual delay, behavioral and motor disorders (stereotypy, tremor, ataxia, episodes of unmotivated laughter, sleep disorders), presence of typical facial dysmorphia. This diagnosis was confirmed by the molecular genetic study (boy — mutation in exon 7 of the UBE3A gene, girl — mutations in exons 6 and 7 of the UBE3A gene). Features of epileptic seizure therapy in both patients are presented.Conclusion. The presented clinical case demonstrates typical clinical picture of AS in two sibs confirmed by molecular genetic study. The therapy of this syndrome is very complicated. The described patients require constant anticonvulsant therapy, observation of neurologist, psychotherapist, working with speech pathologist. Complete correction of this syndrome is impossible.

Use of Gadgets in Speech and Language Development in Toddlers at PHC Surabaya Hospitals

Aims: To analyze the correlation between the use of gadgets with speech and language development in toddlers at PHC Surabaya Hospital.
 Study Design: This study used an analytical observational research design with a Cross Sectional method.
 Place and Duration of Study: PHC Surabaya Hospital, Indonesia between August to September 2022.
 Methodology: The total samples used was 75 respondents (42 male and 33 female) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at PHC Surabaya Hospital. The statistical analysis used was Contingency Coefficient test C. The instruments used were the gadget intensity questionnaire and KPSP.
 Results: The intensity of gadgets use among toddlers at PHC Surabaya Hospital are majority in high category (52%). The result of the KPSP showed there was 31 respondents (41,33%) had delay. The result of the analysis showed there was a correlation between the use of gadgets and speech and language development (p = 0,000) with a moderate strength correlation (0,4 – 0,6) and a positive directional (r = 0,481).
 Conclusion: The higher intensity of using gadgets affects the delay in speech and language development of toddlers at the PHC hospital in Surabaya.

Expanding the phenotype of 12q21 deletions: A role of BTG1 in speech development?

We report on a female individual with feeding difficulties, constipation, poor overall growth, periventricular lesions resembling gliosis in brain MRI, recurrent otitis media with palsy of facial nerve, distinct facial features, and pronounced delay in speech development. The latter was the most prominent feature. Molecular karyotyping revealed a heterozygous de novo deletion of 4.353 Mb at chromosome 12q21.33q22. This report expands the number of described individuals with heterozygous deletions at 12q21.33, their clinical spectrum and highlights the clinical variability, even in individuals with deletion of the same genes. Furthermore, our findings indicate a role of BTG1 (OMIM *109580) in speech development.

Alfa-mannosidosis: Frequent Symptoms in Rare Patient

Background. Alfa-mannosidosis is ultra-rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by the mutation in the MAN2B1 gene. Pathogenic nucleotide variants and structural changes in this gene lead to acid alpha-mannosidase deficiency, this enzyme is involved in oligosaccharides degradation. This disease is characterized by multisystem involvement and chronic progressive course.Clinical case description. The clinical case attracted our attention due to the late disease diagnosis in a boy living in a metropolis. The child has classic clinical manifestations of the disease: typical phenotype, spinal deformity, developmental speech and motor delays, hearing loss, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, umbilical and inguinal hernias. Despite developmental speech delay and frequent recurrent otitis, the patient has not been referred to surdologist examination until the age of 4.5 years. Intriguing fact is the presence of congenital cataract that was the reason for surgery twice.Conclusion. Congenital cataract is one of the early manifestation of this disease. 3 out of 8 patients with alfa-mannosidosis observed in our centre had congenital cataract. We assume that such patients should be referred to genetics for the early exclusion of alpha-mannosidosis. Late diagnosis and progressive course of the disease led to early disability of the patient. Nowadays, as enzyme replacement therapy is available, it is crucial to identify these patients timely in order to improve their quality of life and increase survivability.

DELAYED PSYCHO-SPEECH DEVELOPMENT AS A MEDICAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL-PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM

The article substantiates the medical-psychological-pedagogical approach to determining the delay in psycho-speech development. In speech therapy practice, as well as in the field of special education in general, there is a widespread violation of psychophysical development, which is separated into a group of violations called “delayed speech development”. Given that speech belongs to the cognitive function of the human body, when it is disturbed, all leading mental functions suffer: perception, thinking, memory, imagination. Accordingly, the inertia of speech development, as a rule, indicates the inertia of maturation / formation of leading mental processes. Numerous studies in the field of speech therapy show that with delayed speech development, there is a steady trend of delayed manifestations of mental development. Accordingly, today, more and more practitioners are using the definition of “delayed psychospeech development” when defining the manifestation of a disorder that was previously defined as “delayed speech development”. The theoretical and experimental lack of development of the problem of early diagnostic and corrective assistance to a child with delayed psycho-speech development in a sensitive period makes it difficult to activate its adaptive and compensatory capabilities. Understanding the positions of leading scientists in the field of special, age-related psychology, analysis of experimental data on the problem of researching the psycho-speech development of children with psycho-speech development delay in the unity of early and preschool age showed that the issue of comprehensive intervention to help children with psycho-speech development delay is not fully disclosed. Defining the terminologically meaningful aspect of the concept of psycho-speech development in the case of delay in psychospeech development in relation to the relevant age periods, we consider it integrative in relation to mental, speech, intellectual, emotionalvolitional development, which has a certain structure, the variability of which is characterized by individual-typical features of impaired development with delayed psycho-speech development, which formed the basis of our understanding of the essence of this phenomenon.

DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER (DCD) AND NON-VERBAL PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: DIAGNOSTIC, CORRECTION IN THE CONDITION OF THE STATE OF WAR

The article considers different approaches to defining the term “Developmental Coordination Disorder” (DCD). The main causes and main manifestations of DCD are considered: clinical manifestations of minimal brain dysfunction, pre- and postnatal pathology, psychosocial causes. The diagnosis and the scheme of complex corrective and restorative work for children with DCD are given. Today MMD is a fairly common phenomenon of various origins, which in most cases causes various manifestations of disorders of psychophysical development. Among them are speech disorders. Speech disorders caused by MMD can act as an independent group of disorders, as well as accompanying symptoms in: mental retardation (PR), intellectual disorders of varying degrees of severity, etc. Modern research in the field of special education, in particular speech therapy, shows that in most cases it is MMD that causes the phenomenon of lack of speech. When at certain stages of ontogenesis, a child has a total delay in speech development, which acquires signs of the absence of speech. In terms of pedagogy, children who at a certain age do not master speech as a means of communication are called “children without speech”. The theoretical and experimental lack of development of the problem of early diagnostic and corrective care for speechless children in a sensitive period of development makes it difficult to activate its adaptive and compensatory capabilities. Understanding the positions of leading scientists in the field of special, age-related psychology, analysis of experimental data on the problem of researching the psycho-speech development of a selected category of children in the unity of early and preschool age showed that the issue of comprehensive intervention to help these children has not been fully resolved. Defining the terminologically meaningful aspect of the concept of psycho-speech development in relation to the relevant age periods, we consider it integrative in relation to mental, speech, intellectual, emotional-volitional development, which has a certain structure, the variability of which is characterized by individual-typical features of impaired development in the absence of speech, which are the basis of the author’s understanding of the essence of this phenomenon. Provision of timely comprehensive assistance to speechless children with DCD is a guarantee of their further socialization and improvement of the quality of life in general, however, with the beginning of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine, the provision of this assistance has certain peculiarities.

Профиль интеллекта и личностные особенности у взрослых пациентов с высокофункциональным аутизмом

Background. Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder caused by disruption of the prenatal brain development. In mild forms of autism, children may camouflage their symptoms, which may cause their mental disorder to stay undiagnosed into adulthood. Studies of personality and intelligence characteristics in adult patients with autism will reduce the difficulties of diagnosing mild forms of this disorder in a population of high-functioning socially adapted individuals. Objective. The study aims to describe the profile of intellectual abilities in adults with high-functioning autism and its relationship with the severity of clinical symptoms and personal traits. Sample. 30 participants with high-functioning autism (9 males and 21 females) aged between 20 and 44 years and 30 neurotypical controls took part in the research. Methods. The subjects underwent a short version of the Wechsler test (WAIS-III) and completed the Carver and White questionnaire “Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Systems”. Patients with autism also completed the Autism Quotient questionnaire designed by Baron and Cohen to assess severity of their symptoms, and their diagnosis was verified by an experienced psychiatrist. We analyzed intergroup differences using analysis of variance, as well as nonparametric correlational analysis between IQ, clinical symptoms, and personal traits. Results. Patients with autism did not differ from the control group in general intelligence, but they showed significantly lower verbal abilities (F(1, 42) = 8.4; p = 0.006). Reduction of verbal abilities in patients with autism directly correlated with severity of their clinical symptoms (R = –0.59; p = 0.001). We also found a decrease in the sensitivity of the behavior approach system in the clinical group (F(1.52) = 4.9; p = 0.03), manifested mostly in a low level of spontaneous fun seeking. In contrast to the neurotypical controls, where a higher sensitivity of the behavior activation system positively correlated with verbal abilities (R = 0.52; p = 0.02), in patients with autism, motivational traits were not associated with any intellectual abilities. Conclusion. The results demonstrate that adult persons with autism spectrum disorders have a relative reduction in verbal fluency. It can be assumed that this profile of intellectual abilities may be a long-term result of a delay in speech development at an early age.

Methods of speech therapy work to activate the initial vocabulary of young children with delayed speech development

Methods of speech therapy work to activate the initial vocabulary of young children with delayed speech development

Генетически детерминированный синдром детского церебрального паралича, обусловленный интрагенной делецией гена EBF3

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of non-progressive disorders of a heterogeneous nature that develop from an early period of neuroontogeny; its clinical manifestation is mainly disturbances in motor development, posture control, and activity limitation. The estimated prevalence of cerebral palsy in developed countries is between 1.0 and 2.3 per 1000 live births. The most common causes of cerebral palsy are hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, periventricular leukomalacia, brain malformations, intrauterine infections, and neonatal strokes; however, in up to 20% of patients with cerebral palsy, the etiology remains unspecified. The technological development and the possibility of conducting genomic studies make it possible to identify many genetic factors that are of great importance not only in the cerebral palsy etiology, but also in differentiating genetic syndromes that manifest neuromotor dysfunctions similar to those in cerebral palsy. Mutations at many genetic loci can cause a cerebral palsy-like phenotype. The establishment of an etiological diagnosis is of great clinical importance for optimal treatment. The purpose — to update the need for a genetic examination of patients with severe cerebral palsy and comorbid disorders through the example of our own clinical observation of a family with a genetically determined cerebral palsy syndrome caused by an intragenous deletion of the EBF3 gene. We present our own observation of a family with a genetically determined syndrome of cerebral palsy, three people in which are carriers of an intragenous deletion of the EBF3 gene. A literature review, data from clinical and anamnestic, laboratory, instrumental and genetic research methods are presented. Results. The presented results demonstrate the clinical polymorphism of gene mutations that disrupt transcriptional regulation. Intragenic deletion of the EBF3 gene leads to severe motor disorders that mimic cerebral palsy, manifested by a delay in psychomotor and speech development and in higher brain functions from birth. Conclusion. Timely detection of genetically determined disorders under the guise of cerebral palsy will help to timely establish a diagnosis and refer the family for medical genetic counseling.

Comparison of Hearing Impairment among Healthy and High-risk Neonates at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Rajasthan, India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Hearing impairment is caused by damage in the inner ear (can be even birth defect), ear infection, ruptured eardrum and so on. It can be prevented using early detection thus, helps in avoiding severe psychosocial, educational, and linguistic repercussions. Infants, who are not diagnosed of hearing impairment before six months of age, will have delays in speech and language development. Aim: To determine the prevalence of hearing impairment in highrisk neonates and to establish the fact that, these neonates have higher prevalence of hearing impairment as compared to normal population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. The duration of the study was six months, from December 2012 to May 2013. A total of 500 babies including 297 normal and 203 high-risk babies were enrolled into the study. All the neonates were screened using Behavioural Observation Audiometry (BOA) and Distortion Product Oto-acoustic Emission (DPOAE) preferably within three days of life. Those, who failed under this test, underwent for Brain stem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA). Data was collected in the Microsoft Excel and analysis done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: The mean age of the newborns on admission, was 3.86±4.25 days and the mean weight was 2560±510 g. Out of 500 newborns screened, 58 babies had abnormal results with the first screening test. When these 58 babies subjected to BERA, eight babies showed Hearing Loss (HL). Sepsis, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay >5 days and use of aminoglycosides >7 days were the important risk factors associated with hearing impairment. Prevalence of hearing impairment in the present study was came out to be 16/1000. This finding was statistically significant with p-value<0.05. Conclusion: There was high prevalence of hearing impairment in high-risk newborns, majority of which were bilateral. The authors recommend multistage screening in all newborns at birth or within month’s time at all level of healthcare facility. Newborns with sepsis, NICU stay >5 days and use of aminoglycosides >7 days should have mandatory audiologic evaluation at discharge.

Speech development in children with sequelae of obstetrics palsy

BACKGROUND: Obstetrics plexus occurs in 0.44 cases per 1000 newborns. Moreover, 70%92% of the patients have mild injuries that spontaneously recover within 2 months after delivery, and the remaining patients have secondary deformities of the limbs, leading to motor disorders of varying severities. Studies have reported that the limited or absence of hand motor functions can lead to cognitive deficits and speech underdevelopment.
 AIM: To study the features of speech development in children with obstetrics palsy.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2020 to 2021, we performed speech examination of 33 children with obstetrics palsy from the age of 315 (average age, 8.10 3.71) years. All patients were divided into four groups: group 1 (34 years, n = 6), group 2 (56 years, n = 10), group 3 (710 years, n = 9), and group 4 (1115 years, n = 8). Speech examination and orthopedic, neurological, and statistical tests were performed. The results of the examination were analyzed statistically.
 RESULTS: In this study, 78.8% of the patients with obstetric palsy had speech pathology. Children with speech disorders had more severe neurology and motor disturbance than children without speech pathology. In group 1, speech disorders were identified in 66.7%; group 2, 90.0%; group 3, 66.7%; group 4, 87.5%. Group 1 had speech development delay and phoneticphonemic underdevelopment. Group 2 had general speech underdevelopment and phoneticphonemic underdevelopment. Group 3 had general speech, lexicalgrammatical, and phoneticphonemic underdevelopment, Group 4 had general speech and lexicalgrammatical underdevelopment. Moreover, 73.1% of the children had minimal dysarthria (predominantly in children of groups 1 and 2). Groups 3 and 4 had written expression disorder.
 CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates a high incidence of speech disorders in children with obstetrics palsy. These children demand early speech examination and timely correction of existing disorders.

Mentalizációs képességek fejlődése és összefüggése a nyelvi fejlődés zavaraival

Development of mentalization skills and their relation to language development disordersEnikő GyörkőResearch of Theory of Mind (ToM) suggests that mentalizing ability correlates with the development of language skills. This study aimed to examine the relationships of the atypical development of language skills with ToM in school-age children. In the article we collected 3-year-old preschool child with atypical and normal language development. The atypical development oflanguage was measured by the KOFA-3 test, while ToM was measured by Sally and Anne test. Research has shown that children with delayed speech development have been significantly unsuccessful in resolving their mentalization situation compared to a group of children who typically develop. However, no correlation was found between KOFA-3 repository values andunsuccessful cognitive situations. The article argues that language development has an effect on the development of mentalizing ability. In other words, in the understanding of others, the state of thought is mutually supported by linguistic and cognitive theory.