Spectrum Analysis Program Research Articles

A new thermography using inelastic scattering analysis of wavelength-resolved neutron transmission imaging

Thermography using energy-dependent neutron transmission imaging can non-invasively and non-destructively visualize a real-space distribution of interior temperatures of a material in a container. Previously, resonance absorption broadening analysis and Bragg-edge shift analysis using energy-resolved neutron transmission have been developed, however some issues remain, e.g., imaging efficiency, substance limitation and temperature sensitivity. For this reason, we propose a new neutron thermography using the temperature dependence of inelastic scattering of cold neutrons. This method has some advantages, for example, the imaging efficiency is high because cold neutrons are measured with moderate wavelength resolution, and light elements can be analysed in principle. We investigated the feasibility of this new neutron thermography at pulsed neutron time-of-flight imaging instruments at ISIS in the United Kingdom and HUNS in Japan. A Rietveld-type transmission spectrum analysis program (RITS) was employed to refine temperature and atomic displacement parameters from the inelastic scattering cross-section analysis. Finally, we demonstrated interior thermography of an α-Fe sample of 10 mm thickness inside a vacuum chamber by using a neutron time-of-flight imaging detector at the compact accelerator-driven pulsed neutron source HUNS.

Experimental determination of the energy levels of 159Gd via photonuclear reaction

In this study, the energy levels of 159 Gd are measured within the framework of the photonuclear reaction. For this aim, bremsstrahlung photons of 18 MeV endpoint energy produced by a clinical linear accelerator are used. The gamma photons emitted from the unstable 159 Gd nucleus are counted by using a high purity Germanium detector. The energy levels are determined with gf3 and ROOT spectrum analysis programs. Finally, all the results are compared with the literature results.

Using a clinical linac to determine the energy levels of 92mNb via the photonuclear reaction

The bremsstrahlung photons of 18MeV end-point energy produced by a clinical linear accelerator were used to irradiate 93Nb, producing 92mNb via the photonuclear reaction. The gamma-ray spectrum emitted by the excited nucleus was measured with high purity germanium detector. For analysis of the energy transitions, both gf3 and ROOT spectrum analysis programs were applied. The results were shown to be comparable with the literature values, demonstrating the ability to use a clinical liner accelerator in nuclear physics measurements.

GlycanAnalysis Plug-in: a database search tool for N-glycan structures using mass spectrometry.

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) is a potent technique for characterizing N-glycan structures. GlycanAnalysis searches a glycan database to support the identification of glycan structures from MS/MS spectra. It also calculates diagnostic ions of glycan structures registered in a glycan database (GlycomeDB or KEGG GLYCAN) and searches for MS/MS spectra of N-glycans that match diagnostic ions to determine the structures. This program functions as a plug-in for Mass++, a freeware mass spectrum visualization and analysis program. The executable files of Mass++ are available for free at http://www.first-ms3d.jp/english/. The GlycanAnalysis plug-in is included in the standard package of Mass++ for Windows. k-morimt@shimadzu.co.jp or nishikaz@shimadzu.co.jp or acyshzw@shimadzu.co.jp Supplementary material are available at Bioinformatics online.

Trunk and Gluteus-Medius Muscles' Fatigability during Occupational Standing in Clinical Instructors with Low Back Pain

Background Occupational standing is associated with low back pain (LBP) development. Yet, trunk and gluteus-medius muscles9 fatigability has not been extensively studied during occupational standing. This study examined and correlated the rectus abdominus (RA), erector-spinae (ES), external oblique (EO), and gluteus-medius (GM) muscles9 fatigability on both sides while standing in a confined area for 30 min. Methods Median frequency EMG data were collected from 15 female clinical instructors with chronic LBP (group A) and 15 asymptomatic controls (group B) (mean age 29.53±2.4 vs 29.07±2.4 years, weight 63.6±7 vs 60±7.8kg, and height 162.73±4 vs 162.8±6 cm respectively) using a spectrum analysis program. Data were collected in the first and last 5 min of the standing task. Results Using Mixed three-way ANOVA, groupA showed significantly (p Discussion/Conclusions Clinical instructors with LBP are more liable to have higher trunk and gluteus-medius muscle fatigue than asymptomatic individuals. Thus, endurance training for these muscles should be included in the rehabilitation of such patients.Key words: Fatigability, Trunk, Gluteus-medius, EMG, Standing, LBP

Age-related sex differences in erector spinae muscle endurance using surface electromyographic power spectral analysis in healthy humans

Background contextPrevious studies reported that the erector spinae muscle is more resistant to fatigue in healthy adult women than in men. However, no study has reported changes in back muscle fatigue with aging in healthy men and women. PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate age-related changes in muscle fatigue of erector spinae muscle in men and women. Study design/settingThis cross-sectional study was conducted in a laboratory. Patient sampleFifty-three healthy subjects (11 elderly men, 11 elderly women, 17 young men, and 14 young women) without low back pain history. Outcome measuresThe median frequency (MF) and mean power frequency (MPF) during trunk holding test were derived from the raw electromyographic (EMG) signal using Fast Fourier Transform spectrum analysis program. The rates of changes in MF and MPF were calculated. MethodsSubjects performed the unsupported trunk holding test until exhaustion. The results of power spectral analysis of the EMG activity of the left erector spinae muscle were compared in both age groups and sexes. ResultsThe endurance time in young men was significantly shorter than in young women. The slopes of MF and MPF in young men were significantly higher than in young women. There were no significant differences in MF and MPF slopes of elderly men and elderly women. Furthermore, the MF and MPF slopes were significantly lower in elderly men than young men but similar in the two women groups. ConclusionsAge-related changes in the slopes of MF and MPF of erector spinae muscle occur in healthy men but not in healthy women.

TRUNK AND GLUTEUS-MEDIUS MUSCLES' FATIGABILITY DURING OCCUPATIONAL STANDING IN CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS WITH LOW BACK PAIN

BackgroundOccupational standing is associated with low back pain (LBP) development. Yet, trunk and gluteus-medius muscles' fatigability has not been extensively studied during occupational standing. This study examined and correlated the...

Automatic data acquisition and analysis in activation experiments

A system for the automatic acquisition and analysis of gamma-ray spectra that is used in the studies of photonuclear reactions with the activation technique in described. The system is comprised of a database, which is used to access data over a network, and of a spectrum analysis program. Experimental procedures and data analysis are greatly simplified with the use of the described system.

SPADES: a stellar parameters determination software

With the large amounts of spectroscopic data available today and the very large surveys to come (e.g. Gaia), the need for automatic data analysis software is unquestionable. We thus developed an automatic spectra analysis program for the determination of stellar parameters: radial velocity, effective temperature, surface gravity, micro-turbulence, metallicity and the elemental abundances of the elements present in the spectral range. Target stars for this software should include all types of stars. The analysis method relies on a line by line comparison of the spectrum of a target star to a library of synthetic spectra. The idea is built on the experience acquired in developing the TGMET (Katz et al. 1998 and Soubiran et al. 2003) ETOILE (Katz 2001) and Abbo (Bonifacio & Caffau 2003) softwares. The method is presented and the performances are illustrated with GIRAFFE-like simulated spectra with high resolution (R = 25000), with high and low signal to noise ratios (down to SNR= 30). These spectra should be close to what could be targeted by the Gaia-ESO Survey (GCDS).

New Approach to Alpha Spectrum Analysis:Iterative Monte Carlo Simulations and Fitting

A novel alpha spectrum analysis program which combines the Monte Carlo simulations with spectrum fitting is introduced. The shapes used in the fitting are obtained from the simulations. The program is developed especially to analyze complex alpha particle energy spectra – such as those obtained from non-processed aerosol filters, swipe samples or isolated particles emitting alpha radiation. In addition to activities of the nuclides present in the sample, the program can provide source characterization. In particular, the program can be used to characterize samples of nuclear material, i.e. those containing fissionable isotopes such as U or Pu. In the present paper we illustrate the use of the program to identify and quantify alpha-particle emitting isotopes in a depleted U projectile found in Kosovo and to estimate the depth distribution of alpha-particle emitting aerosols in a glassfibre filter.

2121 有機EL素子の薄膜構造最適化による射出光スペクトルの設計(OS21.計算力学と最適化(5),オーガナイズドセッション)

Organic light emitting diode (OLED) is next generation emission device because it has sliminess, high brightness, and high response. The emission spectrum depends on its film thickness and refractive index of each layer, so structural optimization of OLED is effective to improve of the light extraction efficiency and achieve the target emission spectrum. We developed emission spectrum analysis and optimization programs. In this paper, emission spectrum analysis by changing refractive index and structural optimization of OLED are reported. Results for some examples show that the peak wavelength is able to control by optimization of thicknesses and indexes of films in OLED structure.

Applications of Sound Spectrum Analysis

The physics of sound is often studied in introductory physics class experiments involving a tube of resonating air. In typical setups, pistons control the length of a cylindrical space or a microphone is moved within a tube.1 While these activities are useful and can be made very quantitative, they don't directly demonstrate the sounds that are most familiar to students, such as human voices and musical instruments. Fortunately, several sound spectrum analysis programs are available that can bridge this gap.2

The Iron-Sulfur Cluster-free Hydrogenase (Hmd) Is a Metalloenzyme with a Novel Iron Binding Motif

The iron-sulfur cluster-free hydrogenase (Hmd) from methanogenic archaea harbors an iron-containing cofactor of yet unknown structure. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the active, as isolated enzyme from Methanothermobacter marburgensis (mHmd) and of the active, reconstituted enzyme from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (jHmd) revealed the presence of mononuclear iron with two CO, one sulfur and one or two N/O in coordination distance. In jHmd, the single sulfur ligand is most probably provided by Cys176, as deduced from a comparison of the activity and of the x-ray absorption and Mössbauer spectra of the enzyme mutated in any of the three conserved cysteines. In the isolated Hmd cofactor, two CO, one sulfur, and two nitrogen/oxygen atoms coordinate the iron, the sulfur ligand being most probably provided by mercaptoethanol, which is absolutely required for the extraction of the iron-containing cofactor from the holoenzyme and for the stabilization of the extracted cofactor. In active mHmd holoenzyme, the number of iron ligands increased by one when one of the Hmd inhibitors (CO or KCN) were present, indicating that in active Hmd, the iron contains an open coordination site, which is proposed to be the site of H2 interaction.

The 2000 IAEA intercomparison of PIXE spectrum analysis software

Seven programs for analysis of PIXE spectra were compared using the 2000 IAEA test spectra, i.e. Geopixe, Gupix, Pixan, Pixeklm, Sapix, Winaxil and Witshex. A systematic statistical study of the analysis results was performed based on z-scores. The results indicate that most of the programs perform reasonably well with respect to peak areas. Except for a very rare exception, the statistical analysis shows that the participants generally reported smaller uncertainties than would have been expected from the reference uncertainty values. The results show that all the participants reported a number of statistically significant “false hits” and “misses” in their reports. All this indicates that programs in general still leave room for further improvements.

The 2000 IAEA test spectra for PIXE spectrometry

In the framework of an IAEA intercomparison of software for PIXE spectrometry, a set of test spectra with reference peak area ratios was produced for validation and comparison of PIXE spectrum analysis programs. The considerations, the spectra and the methods employed to obtain the spectra and the reference peak area ratios are presented.

Analysis of oxidized heme proteins and its application to multiple antioxidant protection

Oxidation in tissues and homogenates can be determined by the analysis of oxidized heme proteins. Oxidation of heme proteins can be measured by spectral changes and the deconvolution of the spectra of mixtures of heme proteins by a spreadsheet heme spectra analysis program (HSAP), incorporating the spectra of the individual pure heme proteins. HSAP also is used to analyze the spectra of mixtures of heme proteins found in the literature. HSAP is applied in measuring the protective effects in rats of multiple antioxidants suitable for use in humans for protection against diseases.

The reference peak areas of the 1995 IAEA test spectra for gamma-ray spectrum analysis programs are absolute and traceable

A previously validated algorithm for absolute peak area determination was used to verify the reference peak areas supplied with the 1995 IAEA test spectra for gamma-ray spectrometry. These reference peak areas turn out to be absolute and traceable to a precision of 0.9%: The reference peak areas are possibly too low by a factor 0.992±0.009. It is proposed to employ the test spectra and reference areas to validate the peak areas obtained with any algorithm in gamma-ray spectrometry.

The 1997 IAEA test spectra for alpha-particle spectrometry

In the framework of an IAEA intercomparison of software for alpha-particle spectrometry, a set of test spectra with reference files was produced for validation and comparison of alpha spectrum analysis programs. The considerations, the spectra and the methods employed to obtain them are presented.

The influence of peak area determination bias in quantitative gamma-ray spectrometry in the presence of true coincidence summing

It is sometimes stated that a gamma-ray spectrum analysis program need not produce absolute peak area estimates as long as the program is consistent and the area estimate is indeed proportional to the true peak area. In this paper, it is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that this is not true in the presence of true coincidence summing. The experiment described provides a method to test the correctness of peak areas determined by any method. An alternative, simpler method is also proposed. It is concluded that the ANSI N42.14-1991 standard is incomplete in this respect. The results are relevant to gamma-ray spectrometry with either semiconductor or scintillation detectors.

PCGAP: Application to analyze gamma-ray pulse-height spectra on a personal computer under Windows NT®

PCGAP is a software code, which was written to provide gamma-ray pulse height spectrum analysis on a personal computer platform. The code was specifically developed for Windows NT for either an Intel® or DEC Alpha® based processor. PCGAP includes programs which can be used to control data collection using a Canberra INSPECTOR® multichannel pulse-height analyzer. With suitable spectrum conversion routines PCGAP can be used to analyze data from almost any multi-channel analyzer. Besides the normal functions associated with a robust spectrum analysis package, PCGAP can be used for radionuclide analysis for actinides via L-X and gamma-ray spectrometry. It can be used to control and analyze data from an INEEL developed pulse injection system for individual spectrum validation. The package includes programs for the manual analysis of spectra using displays which permit the spectroscopist to interactively define the spectral continuum and peak fitting limits, and display the resulting function fitting forms.