Spectroscopic Properties Of Nd3 Research Articles

Molecular-beam-epitaxy growth and luminescence properties of Nd3+-doped LaF3/CaF2 thin films

Nd 3+ -doped LaF3 heteroepitaxial waveguide films on two oriented CaF2 substrates were grown by the molecular-beam-epitaxy method. The spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ in the epitaxial films have been studied by using a tunable Ti:sapphire laser. Efficient IR emissions have been detected at 1.06, 0.86, and 1.32 nm ranges. The influences of substrate orientation, Nd3+ concentration, and temperature on the luminescence properties were investigated. By using a prism-coupling technique, waveguided luminescence has been measured at room temperature. Furthermore, laser emission at 1.06 μm was obtained at room temperature with a 790 nm laser pump.

Spectroscopic properties of nonlinear NdSc3(BO3)4

NdSc 3 ( BO 3 ) 4 (NdSB) can be grown as a nonlinear optical crystal having hexagonal (huntite) structure. The crystal has important spectroscopic properties suitable for various applications in photonics. The observed crystal-field splitting of the energy levels of Nd3+(4f3) has been identified based on analyses of the fluorescence, absorption, and excitation spectra obtained at 13, 80, and 300 K. A detailed crystal-field splitting calculation in which initial crystal-field parameters Bnm are established from lattice–sum calculations gives good agreement to the observed splitting. Experimental branching ratios and fluorescence lifetimes are reported and are compared with calculated values. The spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ in NdSB are also compared with values obtained for Nd3+ as a dopant in the nonlinear crystal YAl3(BO3)4.

Effects of pump heating on laser and spectroscopic properties of the Nd:[YAl3(BO3)4] self-frequency-doubling laser

In this work, thermal effects on the spectroscopic and laser properties of Nd:YAl3(BO3)4 crystal caused by pump heating are systematically investigated. Changes in the refractive indices, absorption coefficient, and emission band shape have been studied in a temperature range 20–200 °C. Temperatures up to 88 °C have been measured in a thermally isolated crystal when pumping with 800 mW of laser power at 807 nm. A decrease in infrared laser power at 1.06 μm and its second harmonic (0.53 μm) generated by self-frequency doubling is observed during the early seconds of laser operation. These reductions are explained in terms of the absorption efficiency reduction and of thermal phase mismatch (for second harmonic) induced by pump heating. Instabilities observed in the output (infrared and green) laser power during the initial seconds of laser action are satisfactorily explained in terms of Fabry–Pérot-induced interference effects.

Radiative and non-radiative relaxation of rare-earth ions in Ga 2S 3–GeS 2–La 2S 3 glasses

Spectroscopic properties of Nd 3+ and Ho 3+ in a Ga 2S 3–GeS 2–La 2S 3 glass system were investigated on the basis of the Judd–Ofelt analyses for 60GaS 3/2 · 10GeS 2 · 27LaS 3/2 · 3LnS 3/2 glasses (Ln=Nd or Ho) and emission lifetime measurements for 60GaS 3/2 · 10GeS 2 · 29.7LaS 3/2 · 0.3LnS 3/2 glasses (Ln=Nd or Ho). The obtained Judd–Ofelt Ω 2 parameter for Nd 3+ was larger than those of other glass systems such as oxides and fluorides. For Ho 3+, on the other hand, the Ω 2 parameter was so small that it could not be determined with enough accuracy. Non-radiative transition rates for 4G 5/2 and 2K 13/2 levels of Nd 3+ and 5F 5 and 5S 2 levels of Ho 3+ were obtained by the difference between the inverse of the measured emission lifetimes and the calculated radiative transition rates of these levels. The non-radiative transition rate of the 5S 2 of Ho 3+ was about one order larger than predicted from the so called `energy-gap law'. We assumed that the energy transfer from the 5S 2 of Ho 3+ to an electronic state of the host glass occurs. Multiphonon relaxation rates were comparable with those of a ZnCl 2-based glass.

Spectroscopic properties of Nd^3+ and Pr^3+ in gallate glasses with low phonon energies

Absorption and fluorescence spectra of Nd3 +were measured in potassium tantalum gallate, lead bismuth gallate (PBG), fluorozirconate (ZBLAN), and Ge-Ga-S glasses. A Judd -Ofelt analysis was performed to determine the spontaneous emission probability and stimulated emission cross section of the4 F3/2 ?4 I11/2 transition of Nd3 +. Raman spectra were studied to clarify the maximum phonon energies of the glasses. The fluorescence of the1 G4?3 H5 transition of Pr3 + in a dehydrated PBG glass was observed for the first time to our knowledge. The PBG glass has a higher quantum efficiency than that of ZBLAN glass based on the Judd -Ofelt analysis.

Laser performance and spectroscopic properties of Nd3+-doped LiKYF5 and LiKGdF5 crystals

Spectroscopic and laser-pumped laser studies of Nd3+-doped LiKYF5 and LiKGdF5 are reported. The optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra are strongly polarised, the sense of polarisation of the 4I92 → 2F52, 2H92 absorption near 800 nm being opposite to that of the 4F32 → 4I112 laser emission near 1.05 μ. At ambient temperature (∼ 300 K) the luminescence decay times of excited Nd3+ ions are in both hosts of order 480–490 μs, and strongly concentration dependent above 2 at.% Nd3+. Efficient laser action (∼ 25%) is observed under excitation with a long pulse Cr3+: LiSAF laser tuned to 797 nm, with low threshold energies of ca. 125 μJ.

Luminescence spectroscopy of Nd3+ in ion-implanted LiNbO:Nd:MgO planar waveguides

We report high-resolution room and low-temperature photoluminescence measurements of Nd3+ ions in LiNbO3:Nd:MgO planar waveguides fabricated by the ion implantation technique. Our study is centred on the spectral region associated with the 4F3/2 to 4I11/2 laser transition and the 4F3 to 4I9/2 transition. Site-selective spectroscopic techniques have also been used and lifetime measurements are reported. Comparison of the bulk and waveguide data reveals only minor changes in the spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ ions in the waveguide. This encouraging fact suggests the preservation of the host matrix crystallinity, confirming ion implantation as a good method for fabricating waveguide lasers.

Spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ ions in phoshate glasses

The effect of Nd3+ and hydroxyl group concentration, as well as the effect of glass composition on the relaxation processes of excited Nd3+ ions, are studied for various phosphate glasses and a fluoride phosphate glass. The relaxation of the 4F32 level of the Nd3+ ions is dominated by radiative decay, energy transfer to hydroxyl groups and cross-relaxation. Lifetime measurements of this level as a function of hydroxyl group and Nd3+ concentrations lead to a resolution of the individual relaxation processes. Based on this analysis, the relationships between the glass matrix and the concentration quenching and radiative decay rate, respectively, are studied. Finally, the contributions of the individual relaxation processes to the lifetime of the 4F32 level are compared with each other in different glass types.

Spectroscopic and laser properties of Nd3+ in fluoride glasses

Abstract In the last few years an increasing interest has arisen in the study of heavy-metal fluoride glasses related to passive and active optical applications materials. Up to now all glass lasers have used trivalent lanthanides as active ions. Neodymium-doped glasses are by far the most widely investigated systems. The spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ are dependent upon the chemical composition of the host glass. In this work we present a brief review of the optical properties of Nd3+ ions in heavy metal and transition metal fluoride glasses. This includes radiative and nonradiative transition probabilities, emission cross-sections, peak wavelengths and linewidths of the 4 F 3 2 → 4 I 11 2 laser transition, and Nd-Nd energy transfer. This is followed by a short discussion on the site-selective spectroscopy of Eu3+ in zirconium-barium-lanthanum and barium-indium-gallium fluoride glasses. Finally, we report a study of the laser properties of Nd3+ doped fluoride glass BlGaZLuTMn (30BaF2-l8InF3-l2GaF3-20ZnF2-9LuF3-6ThF4 -4MnF2-lNdF3 mol% composition) pumped by flashlamps. As far as we know this is the first time laser action has been obtained in bulk in this glass. From these studies the influence of site-dependent effects on the time-resolved stimulated emission properties of Nd3+ ions is also discussed.

Spectroscopic Properties of Nd3+ in CaF2

A spectroscopic investigation of Nd3+ in calcium fluoride host is performed to assess its feasibility for laser action. The Judd-Ofeit theory is applied to measured values of absorption line strengths to obtain the intensity parameters: Ω2 = 0.87 × 10−20 cm2, Ω4 = 3.44 × 10−20 cm2, and Ω6 = 9.47 × 10−20 cm2. These intensity parameters are used to calculate the line strengths for excited-state emission from the metastable 4F3/2 state to the 4IJ′ manifolds. The calculated line strengths are then used to predict the radiative decay rates and branching ratios. The radiative lifetime of the metastable state is predicted to be 190 μs. Finally, the important working parameter X = Ω4/Ω6, known as spectroscopic quality factor, for this sample is calculated and compared with those of other Nd3+ -based laser crystals.

Spectroscopic properties of Nd 3+ complexes with 2,2′-dipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline

Absorption spectroscopy studies of the hydrated and anhydrous Nd 3+ perchlorates in CH 3OH with different concentrations of N-donor ligands 2,2′- dipyridine (Dipy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (Phe) are presented in this paper. Solid complexes of neodymium perchlorate with Dipy and Phe were also isolated. Analysis of the intensities of ff transitions expressed in terms of oscillator strengths and Judd- Ofelt parameters τλ indicate that the electron spectroscopy method can be successfully applied to the investigation of Ln 3+ ion coordination processes in nonaqueous solvents with N-donor ligands. It was proved that Dipy is a significantly weaker ligand than Phe for Nd 3+ ion. Most stable species of Nd 3+Phe complexes which exist in solution are species with 2 and 4 Phe molecules.

Crystal Growth and Spectroscopic Properties of Nd3+ Ions in a New Nonstoichiometric Bismuth Phosphate Bi5.8PO11.2

Crystal Growth and Spectroscopic Properties of Nd3+ Ions in a New Nonstoichiometric Bismuth Phosphate Bi5.8PO11.2

Spectroscopic Properties of Nd 3+ in Cs 2Na(La,Nd)Cl 6

The results of the absorption, infrared, Raman and fluorescence spectra are reported. Owing the analysis of vibrational levels based upon the IR and Raman spectra the assignment of vibronic peaks of fluorescence spectra is proposed. The anomalous concentration dependence of fluorescence decay rates is found. A discussion of the possible mechanism responsible for concentration quenching of Nd 3+ fluorescence in the Cs 2Na(La,Nd)Cl 6 crystal indicates that at low temperature the non-resonant cross relaxation occurs whereas at room and the anti-Stokes resonant cross relaxation contribute in the Process.

Large stimulated emission cross section of Nd 3+ in chlorophosphate glass

We have investigated the spectroscopic properties of Nd 3+ in a series of sodium chlorophosphate glasses. Glasses with 30–40 mol.% ZnCl 2 have the largest stimulated emission cross section for the 4 F 3/2 → 4 I 11/2 transition we have measured for any glass. The large cross section in this mixed anion glass is attributed to a combination of a large line strength, narrow emission bandwidth, and favorable nephelauxetic shift.

Glass for neodymium fusion lasers

Of the various applications of laser glass, the recent use of large, high-power Nd glass lasers for inertial confinement fusion experiments has prompted an intensive search for improved glasses. Systematic studies of a large number of host glasses show that, within limits, the spectroscopic properties of Nd 3+ laser ions which are important for energy storage and extraction can be tailored by compositional changes. These results should also be applicable to other rare-earth laser ions.

Optical and lasing properties of fluorophosphate glass

Neodymium-doped fluorophosphate glass is a laser material newly-developed for use in high power laser fusion systems. The low refractive index ( n d ∼ 1.45) and low dispersion (Abbe number ∼90) of fluorophosphate glasses give them the properties of low nonlinear refractive indices and long Nd 3+ fluorescence lifetimes, which are desirable for the high power laser applications. We have measured the intensity gain of 1.052 and 1.064 nm laser light produced by flashlamp-pumped fluorophosphate glass amplifiers, varying in size from 4–34 clear aperture. The measured gains are compared with those measured in other laser glass types and with those predicted from the spectroscopic properties of Nd 3+. We estimate that the peak cross section for the 4 F 3 2 → 4 I 11 12 transition in commercial fluorophosphate laser glasses is ∼2.2 × 10 −20 cm 2.

Effects of Residual Water on Spectroscopic Properties of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> in Phosphate Glass

Effects of Residual Water on Spectroscopic Properties of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> in Phosphate Glass

Spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ ions in garnet compounds forming in the Y2O3Ga2O3 system

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