List Of Specimens Research Articles

Flora of Espírito Santo: Oleandraceae

Abstract As part of the Flora of Espírito Santo project, we present the taxonomic treatment of Oleandraceae, with key, descriptions, illustrations, and list of specimens examined. In this state, two species of Oleandra occur: O. brasiliana and O. quartziticola. Apparently, O. quartziticola is narrow endemic, whereas O. brasiliana is widespread in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Both species occur in the Southern part of the state.

Flora of Espírito Santo: Dennstaedtiaceae

Abstract As part of the Flora of Espírito Santo project, it is presented the taxonomic treatment of Dennstaedtiaceae, with keys, descriptions, illustrations, and list of specimens examined. In this state (and adjacent areas of Minas Gerais), eleven taxa of Dennstaedtiaceae were found: Blotiella lindeniana, Dennstaedtia cicutaria, Dennstaedtia cornuta, Dennstaedtia globulifera, Histiopteris incisa, Hypolepis acantha, Hypolepis mitis, Hypolepis rigescens var. rigescens, Hypolepis rugosula subsp. pradoana, Pteridium arachnoideum subsp. arachnoideum, and Pteridium arachnoideum subsp. campestre. Most of these taxa are widespread along the Neotropics, but three (or four) are endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest: Hypolepis acantha, Hypolepis mitis, and Hypolepis rugosula subsp. pradoana (and possibly Dennstaedtia cornuta).

Biology, Distribution, and Phylogenetic Placement of the California Endemic Water Scavenger Beetle Hydrochara rickseckeri (Horn) (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

Abstract The water scavenger beetle Hydrochara rickseckeri (Horn) is a large but rarely collected aquatic beetle known from central California. Infrequent collection and a narrow geographic distribution have led the species to be considered of conservation concern by both federal and state agencies. We recently encountered this species in a vernal pond near Sacramento in May 2016, the first time it is known to have been collected in more than 40 years. This record also expands the known range of the taxon firmly into the Central Valley. We sequenced three genes from one of the newly collected specimens to place it in an existing molecular phylogeny of the genus Hydrochara Berthold. In contradiction to prior hypotheses, we find that H. rickseckeri is not evolutionarily isolated, but closely related to other North American members of the genus. We present an updated list of known specimens as well as distributional and biological information on this species. We conclude that while known information at this ...

<p class="Body" align="center">Crotalaria L. (Fabaceae: Faboideae) in continental Southeast Asia

A revision of the 45 species of Crotalaria in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore is presented. Crotalaria humifusa is recorded as new for Thailand and Vietnam while C. phyllostachya are recorded as new for Thailand only. Crotalaria collettii is reduced to synonymy under C. alata. Lectotypes are designated for Crotalaria acicularis, C. cytisoides, C. esquirolii, C. filiformis, C. goreensis, C. goreensis var. angustifolia, C. hossei, C. kerrii, C. luxurians, C. melanocarpa, C. macrostipula, C. neglecta, C. neriifolia, C. tenuifolia and C. umbellata. We provide a key to the species, nomenclature, descriptions, distribution maps, a list of specimens examined, photographs and a line drawing.

ANFÍBIOS DA ESTAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DE CAETÉS PAULISTA, PERNAMBUCO - ATUALIZAÇÃO DA LISTA DE ESPÉCIES

Os inventários de espécies são importantes na elaboração de planos de manejo em unidades de conservação, direcionando melhor as estratégias e ações de proteção à fauna. Este estudo objetivou conhecer a riqueza e composição da anurofauna de um fragmento florestal urbano: a Estação Ecológica de Caetés (ESEC), município de Paulista, Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram realizadas, nos anos de 2010 e 2014, excursões ao local, utilizando como método de registro a busca ativa e sonora, em borda e interior do fragmento, principalmente nos corpo d’água. Um total de 38 espécies de anfíbios anuros, distribuídos entre sete famílias, foi registrado para a ESEC, dentro dessas 38 espécies, seis sofrem ameaças de acordo com as listas de espécies ameaçadas (internacional, nacional e estadual). A riqueza de anfíbios registrada neste estudo representa, aproximadamente, 13% do total de espécies estimadas para a Mata Atlântica e 63% correspondem ao total de espécies para a Mata Atlântica de Pernambuco.

Gilvossius chichijimaensis Sakai, 2015 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae), a junior subjective synonym of Paratrypaea bouvieri (Nobili, 1904)

Sakai (2015) erected a new callianassid ghost shrimp taxon Gilvossius chichijimaensis diagnosed on the basis of Komai & Tachikawa’s (2008) text and figures of a male specimen originally identified as Paratrypaea bouvieri (Nobili, 1904). A holotype was designated “CBM-ZC 7244, holotype male (cl 7.4 mm), Chichijima Island, Tokyo Prefecture”. This registration number appears to be a mistranscription from Komai & Tachikawa’s (2008) list of specimens which includes “Chichi-jima Island: … CBM-ZC 7422, 2 males (5.2 mm, 7.4 mm), 1 ovigerous female (cl 6.9 mm), Okumura River, rivermouth, tidal flat, 7 August 2002,”. It can be assumed that the second male was selected as the holotype. Although Sakai (2015) did not designate paratypes, he based his comparison of the new species on “the male specimen (CMNH-ZC 2422) identified by Komai & Tachikawa (2008) as Paratrypaea (= Gilvossius) bouvieri”, not the male he selected as holotype. By this he was probably referring to CMNH-ZC 2240.

Amphibian Diversity in Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya: A Comprehensive List of Specimens and Species

ABSTRACT We present the first annotated amphibian checklist of Shimba Hills National Reserve (SHNR). The list comprises of 30 currently known amphibians (28 anurans and two caecilians), which includes 11 families and 15 genera. In addition, individual records per species, distribution in the reserve and brief remarks about the species are presented. The checklist is based on information from museum collections, field guides, unpublished reports and newly collected field data. We are able to confirm the presence of two Eastern Afromontane species in the SHNR: Scolecomorphus cf. vittatus and Callulina cf. kreffti. The latter has not been recorded since the original collection of a single specimen over 50 years ago. SHNR contains the highest number of amphibian species of any known locality in Kenya (about 30% of the country's total number); therefore it is of national conservation importance. Finally, we briefly discuss the biogeography of the SHNR and its connections to nearby biogeographic regions.

A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)

Presented here is a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical palm genus Syagrus (Arecaceae, Arecoideae, Cocoseae, Attaleinae), which is mostly from South America and primarily from Brazil. The history of the genus is reviewed. The revision includes a key, a complete list of synonymy, species descriptions, a list of specimens, distribution maps, color plates, and a conservation assessment of each species. Included herein are 65 species, 2 subspecies, and 14 natural hybrids. Of these palms, one is new (Syagrus pimentae); three are new combinations (S. cataphracta, S. elata, S. × dickensonii); and two have changed their status (S. graminifolia subsp. graminifolia and S. graminifolia subsp. glazioviana). Of the fourteen naturally occurring hybrids, eleven have hybrid names and three do not. This revision is an important contribution to the taxonomy and identification of Syagrus species from South America and the Caribbean, and is the culmination of many years of lab and fieldwork.

DISTRIBUTION EXTENSION OF Trilepida jani IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE AND REVISION OF RECORDS OF Trilepida koppesi FROM THE ATLANTIC FOREST (SERPENTES: LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE)

We update the known geographic distribution of the snake species Trilepida jani , extending its northernmost record to Parque Estadual de Grao Mogol, state of Minas Gerais, 260 km from the closest record. We also correct literature records of Trilepida koppesi from the Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais, re-identifying the specimens as T. salgueiroi . Finally, we present a list of leptotyphlopid specimens deposited at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.

Stratigraphy, sedimentology and structure of the Jurassic (Callovian to Lower Oxfordian) succession at Castle Hill, Scarborough, North Yorkshire, UK

Site investigation borehole cores and temporary shaft exposures at the Toll House Pumping Station shaft site, Castle Hill, Scarborough, North Yorkshire, have revealed new data on the Callovian to Lower Oxfordian (Jurassic) succession. The condensed transgressive marine unit, the Lower Callovian Cornbrash Formation, rich in berthierine ooids and abundant shelly fossils, and the attenuated Cayton Clay Formation represent the Early Callovian marine transgression that flooded the low-gradient alluvial plain, which is represented by the underlying Scalby Formation. The Callovian Osgodby Formation (Red Cliff Rock and Langdale members) is an extensively bioturbated, silty sandstone with abundant berthierine–pyrite ooids in the lower part. It was deposited in lower- to upper-shoreface settings. Slow sedimentation rates, with long sediment residence time, resulted in a diverse ichnofauna and a high bioturbation index. Framboidal pyrite ooids in the lower Osgodby Formation sandstones are interpreted as being formed in anoxic lagoons in the nearshore zone; ooids were subsequently swept offshore during storm surge-ebb events. Cold water dinoflagellate cysts of Boreal affinity such as Gonyaulacysta dentata in the lower part of the Oxford Clay Formation indicate an Early Oxfordian age. This is confirmed by the presence of the zonal ammonite species Quenstedoceras mariae and is consistent with a relatively cold, but warming, palaeoclimate at this time. Shaft excavations revealed a new major fault, the Toll House Fault, which is interpreted to be a splay fault bifurcating off the main Castle Hill Fault. Together, the Toll House and Castle Hill faults form the western bounding faults of the Peak Trough, a graben-like structure that extends northwards, offshore. Supplementary material: Supplementary data 1 (Macrofossil identifications from the Toll House shaft) and Supplementary data 2 (List of macropalaeontological specimens from the Toll House Boreholes) are available at https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3469968

A revision of Poa subsection Aphanelytrum (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poaeae, Poinae); and a new species, Poa auriculata.

In this study the peculiar Andean grass genus Aphanelytrum, with two species, is reduced to Poa subsect. Aphanelytrum comb. & stat. nov. A third species, Festuca reclinata, is assigned to the subsection, which shows states transitional between a more typical Poa and Aphanelytrum. Poa subgen. Poa supersect. Homalopoa sect. Dioicopoa subsect. Aphanelytrum comb. & stat. nov. is characterized in having stooling perennials with decumbent to spreading culm bases that continuously branch and often root at low to mid-culm nodes, glabrous spikelets with long rachillas 1.2–4.2 mm long, short glumes less than ½ the length of the florets, and lemmas with bifid apexes that are mucronate to short-awned. We provide for the three species taxonomic discussions, morphological and anatomical descriptions, keys, illustrations, and a list of specimens. Also, we provide two new names, Poa hitchcockiana nom. nov. and Poa sanchez-vegae nom. nov., and one new combination, Poa reclinata comb. nov. A new species, Poa auriculata sp. nov. from Peru, not thought to be a member of Poa subsect. Aphanelytrum, is presented. It is the first in the genus with prominent auricles. In addition, we place Poa apiculata in Poa subgen. Poa supersect. Homalopoa sect. Dioicopoa subsect. Tovarochloa comb. & stat. nov.

Taxonomic Revision ofAloysia(Verbenaceae, Lantaneae) In South America1

Aloysia Palau is the third largest genus of tribe Lantaneae, after Lippia L. and Lantana L., in the Verbenaceae. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have circumscribed genus Aloysia as 31 species, with the transfer of most species of Acantholippia Griseb. and the inclusion of the monotypic Xeroaloysia Tronc., as well as the exclusion of several North American Aloysia species that nest within a Lippia–Lantana clade. Newly circumscribed Aloysia are found mostly in South America, where the genus is represented by 28 species and six varieties. Only four Aloysia species are found in North America, A. coalcomana Siedo, A. macrostachya (Torr.) Moldenke, A. wrightii A. Heller, and A. gratissima (Gillies & Hook.) Tronc. var. gratissima, this last being the only taxon found in both North and South America. A taxonomic revision of the genus Aloysia for South America is provided with detailed morphological descriptions, as well as keys for taxonomic identification, illustrations or indication of iconography, and distribution and herbarium specimen lists. The genus Xeroaloysia Tronc. is here considered a synonym of Aloysia, and nine new taxonomic synonyms are here established. Lectotypification is designated for Verbena L. sect. Aloysioides Walp., and neotypification is designated for V. salviifolia Hook. & Arn.

Lingering taxonomic confusion in Labeo (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae): correcting the records and basis of type designations for seven Congolese species

Background. The concept of name-bearing specimens is pivotal for nomenclatural stability. Hence, correctly listing the type specimens and designating lecto- and neotypes are crucial elements in taxonomic revisions. While reviewing the Labeo Cuvier, 1816 taxa of the Congo basin, we encountered several differences between the lists of type specimens provided in the various revisions of the genus. The majority of problems were encountered with six nominal species of Labeo that were described by Boulenger in 1898: Labeo barbatus Boulenger, 1898; Labeo falcifer Boulenger, 1898 (later replaced by Labeo falcipinnis Boulenger, 1903); Labeo lineatus Boulenger, 1898; Labeo longipinnis Boulenger, 1898; Labeo macrostoma Boulenger, 1898; and Labeo velifer Boulenger, 1898. For four of these species: L. barbatus, L. lineatus, L. macrostoma, and L. velifer, different specimens appear in the literature as name-bearing types. Also for Labeo lividus Roberts et Stewart, 1975, previously a junior synonym of L. barbatus, and for Labeo altivelis Peters, 1852, a species described from the lower Zambezi but also present in the Congo basin, alternative lists of type specimens were mentioned in the literature. Materials and methods. The correct list of type specimens was compiled based on museum archives and on an examination of the type specimens. The validity of the lectotype designations was checked. When a lectotype designation proved to be ambiguous, the actions of the subsequent revisers were investigated. Results. We found that the correct lectotypes of L. barbatus, L. falcipinnis, L. lineatus, L. longipinnis, L. macrostoma, and L. velifer are: BMNH 1898.12.28:7, MRAC 17, BMNH 1897.9.30:27, MRAC 113, MRAC 35, and BMNH 1898.12.28:1, respectively. Also for L. lividus and L. altivelis, confusion existed on the type series and a corrected list of type specimens is presented. Conclusion. Especially in older species descriptions, a detailed list of studied specimens is often lacking. In such cases, providing a correct list of type specimens is often not a trivial task. This study shows that inaccurate lists of type specimens can lead to invalid taxonomic acts, which could have nomenclatural implications. We hope that increased efforts in the dissemination of basic taxonomic information will reduce such errors in the future.

나도국수나무족(장미과)의 분류: 나도국수나무속

Neillieae was traditionally recognized as a small tribe in Rosaceae, which consists of Neillia, Stephanan- dra, and Physocarpus. Recently, Stephanandra was merged into Neillia based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, meaning that Neillieae now contains Neillia and Physocarpus. The genus Neillia is distinguished from Physocarpus by ovate to lanceolate leaves with acuminate to caudate apices, racemose or paniculate inflorescences, and a unicarpellate (rarely bicarpellate) gynoecium. Plants of Neillia are distributed from the Himalayas across China and Korea to Japan in the east, and south to Indonesia. This study provides a taxonomic treatment of Neillia based on a morphological exam- ination of herbarium specimens, including types, and field observations, as the second part of the taxonomic revision of the tribe Neillieae. A summary of the phylogeny of Neillia, keys to the species, nomenclatural reviews, descriptions, dis- tribution maps, and lists of specimens examined are provided. Twelve species with ten varieties are recognized in Neillia. A lectotype was designated here for the following species: N. sinensis f. glanduligera and N. thyrsiflora.

Taxonomy of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae: Baccharidinae), a group from the southeastern South American grasslands and savannas

This is the first attempt to provide a taxonomic revision of a subgenus of Baccharis according to a phylogenetic framework, and under no geographic constraint. The recircumscription of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides involves the synonymization of Lanugothamnus, and the exclusion of Baccharis sect. Coridifoliae in order to keep the subgenus monophyletic. Other taxonomic changes are: Baccharis psammophila is confirmed as a synonym of B. gnaphalioides, and B. anabelae is a synonym of B. phylicifolia; the application of the latter name along with B. leucopappa and B. uleana is clarified. A lectotype is designated for the name B. uleana. Two recircumscribed sections, five new series and 13 species are accepted within the subgenus which diversified mainly in open vegetation types of southeastern South America in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. General morphological descriptions of the infrageneric taxa are provided, as well as a taxonomic key, descriptions, data on etymology, distribution and habitats, phenology, conservation status, ethnobotany and vernacular names, and a list of specimens examined, line drawings, pictures and distribution maps for all accepted species.

Besleria macropoda (Gesneriaceae): lectotypification, distribution, functional epiphylly and discordant fruit morphology of a rare Costa Rican endemic

Besleria macropoda, a rare and poorly known gesneriad endemic to Costa Rica, was recently collected for the first time on the southern slopes of the Fila Costeña (Puntarenas Province, SE Costa Rica). The collection considerably widens the geographic distribution to the southeastern part of Costa Rica. Moreover, the following unique characters not previously addressed in the literature were observed and are documented here: (1) The elongate peduncles of the inflorescences are clamped in a channel formed by the sunken midrib of the leaf, rendering the flowers and fruits positioned in the center of the leaf blade. The epiphyllous appearance of the inflorescence on the leaf surface enhances contrasting colors that may aid the pollination and/or fruit dispersal. (2) The fruits split open irregularly, with the fleshy carpel lobes becoming reflexed. This fruit dehiscence deviates from the indehiscent berries that typically characterize Besleria. This results in displaying a globose head of red placental tissue covered by tiny, red seeds. A preliminary survey of Besleria fruits suggests that this peculiar fruit type is present in at least 15 species representing almost 8% of the genus. Fruit morphology of Besleria is therefore less uniform than previously recognized and the “indehiscent berry” can no longer serve as a distinctive generic character of Besleria, which necessitates consideration in floras and identification keys. In addition, a list of herbarium specimens, lectotypification, a distribution map, IUCN red list assessment and an amended key to diagnose Besleria relative to Gasteranthus are provided.

Current extinction rates of reptiles and amphibians.

There is broad concern that a mass extinction of amphibians and reptiles is now underway. Here I apply an extremely conservative Bayesian method to estimate the number of recent amphibian and squamate extinctions in nine important tropical and subtropical regions. The data stem from a combination of museum collection databases and published site surveys. The method computes an extinction probability for each species by considering its sighting frequency and last sighting date. It infers hardly any extinction when collection dates are randomized and it provides underestimates when artificial extinction events are imposed. The method also appears to be insensitive to trends in sampling; therefore, the counts it provides are absolute minimums. Extinctions or severe population crashes have accumulated steadily since the 1970s and 1980s, and at least 3.1% of frog species have already disappeared. Based on these data and this conservative method, the best estimate of the global grand total is roughly 200 extinctions. Consistent with previous results, frog losses are heavy in Latin America, which has been greatly affected by the pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Extinction rates are now four orders-of-magnitude higher than background, and at least another 6.9% of all frog species may be lost within the next century, even if there is no acceleration in the growth of environmental threats.

Studies onMonstereae(Araceae) of Borneo II: Furtado'sRhaphidophora kinabaluensiselucidated and transferred toScindapsus

Rhaphidophora kinabaluensis Furtado (Araceae: Monstereae), described from Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, has been recollected and revealed to be a species of Scindapsus Schott belonging to a species complex surrounding S. coriaceus Engl. The taxonomic transfer is made — S. kinabaluensis (Furtado) Kartini & P. C. Boyce, comb. nov. — and a description, colour illustrations and list of specimens are provided. Defining characteristics and current taxonomy of the Scindapsus Coriaceus Complex are summarized.

Does everything a surgeon takes out have to be seen by a pathologist? A review of the current pathology practice.

Histopathologic examination of surgically removed tissues and organs is an important aspect of modern hospital quality health care. Most surgical specimens deserve to be submitted for pathologic examination, which may yield valuable new information relevant for the future treatment of the patient. A small number of specimens, recognized as providing limited or no valuable clinical data during pathologic examination, may be placed on the list of specimens "exempt from submission" or those that are labeled as "for gross examination only." Guidelines written by the committees of the national regulatory organizations provide general orientation on how to deal with various specimens, but the final decision on which type of specimen to eliminate and which ones to include for pathologic examination rests on local governing and advisory bodies of each institution. Particular lists of specimens exempt from pathologic examination are best generated through a consensus agreement of clinical and laboratory physicians. Even though there is general nationwide and even international consensus on which types of specimens deserve pathologic examination and which do not, there are still discussions about the necessity of some pathologic examinations.

Type specimens of Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) collected from North Korea and adjacent regions deposited at Insect Collections of Chungnam National University (CNU) in Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

A list of type specimens of Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) collected from North Korea (mostly by the late Dr. Michail Josifov, Sofia, Bulgaria) acquired earlier by E. Heiss, now donated to and deposited in the insect collections of Chungnam National University (CNU), Deajeon, Korea, is presented. A total of 31 holotypes and 694 paratypes of 41 species and 1 subspecies in 6 families and 9 subfamilies are presented: Miridae (Deraeocorinae, Mirinae, Orthotylinae, Phylinae), Tingidae (Tinginae), Piesmatidae (Piesmatinae), Berytidae (Metacanthinae), Cymidae (Cyminae), Pentatomidae (Asopinae).