Specific Statements Research Articles

Design and Psychometrics of the Sexual-Reproductive Needs and Concerns Scale of Iranian Never-Married Women Over 35.

The purpose of the present study was to design the Farsi Scale of Sexual-Reproductive Needs and Concerns of never-married women over 35 and to assess its psychometric properties. This mixed method research had two phases. The first phase was qualitative (Conventional Content Analysis). We interviewed never-married Iranian women over 35; from their responses, we extracted specific statements which to be used as questionnaire items. To validate the questionnaire psychometrically, we tested its validity (face, content, and structure) and reliability (internal consistency and stability). For qualitative face validity, 15 never-married women and 5 experts commented on the style of sentences. For quantitative face validity, we used the impact score. For qualitative content validity, 15 experts commented on the items based on their appropriateness, and for quantitative content validity, we performed the Content Validity Ratio and Content Validity Index. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to Construct Validity. To evaluate structural validity, a cross-sectional sample of 240 never-married women over the age of 35 completed the questionnaire. Cronbach's Alpha was used for internal consistency. In addition, the test-retest method and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient were used to ensure stability. The Sexual-Reproductive Needs and Concerns Scale of Iranian Never-Married Women over 35 was developed with 15 items and three dimensions (Emotional burden; Sexual needs; Stigma). Cronbach's alpha for the instrument was 0.81 and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.98. The results of the study showed that the developed scale has acceptable validity and reliability, and thus can be used to assess the sexual-reproductive needs and concerns of never-married Iranian women of 35 and over.

Analisis Media Statement Kasus Lion Air Penerbangan Jt-610 Boeing 737 Max 8 Dengan Pendekatan Storytelling Michael L. Kent

The focus of this study is on how Lion Air managed crisis communication following the Boeing 737 MAX 8 crash of Flight JT-610. The research delves into the use of storytelling in media statements as a strategy for crisis communication during the aftermath of the crash. It outlines Lion Air's goals in sharing information and engaging with the public and media in the midst of this crisis. The study utilizes a qualitative text analysis to scrutinize three specific media statements released during the crisis. By applying Michael L. Kent's storytelling elements, the analysis of the media statements concentrates on factors like emplotment, narrative theory, identification, form, and masterplots. The selected statements cover the immediate aftermath of the crash on October 29, 2018; a subsequent statement on March 13, 2019, addressing broader safety concerns surrounding the Boeing 737 MAX 8; and a final statement on October 26, 2019, summarizing findings from the National Transportation Safety Committee's investigation. The research findings suggest that employing storytelling through straightforward text in media statements, incorporating credible character depiction, structured narrative, empathy, and compelling storytelling, can notably influence an organization's reputation recovery and improvement. Well-crafted and timely media releases are essential as primary information sources for the media, especially in crisis scenarios where prompt and precise information dissemination is critical. This method ensures that information, though disseminated quickly, maintains relevant and impactful storytelling aspects. The study concludes that storytelling, characterized by humanistic, empathetic, and coherent narratives across media statements, can be effectively utilized by Lion Air to uphold consistent and narrative-focused communication with the public through the media.

PROsthetic MEsh Reinforcement in elective minimally invasive paraesophageal hernia repair (PROMER): an international survey.

The optimal treatment for paraesophageal hiatus hernia (PEH) is controversial. While crural buttressing with mesh shows promises in reducing recurrences, the decision to use mesh during minimally invasive PEH repair is largely subjective. Due to these uncertainties, we conducted a survey to examine current clinical practices among surgeons and to assess which are the most important determinants in the decision-making process for mesh placement. Thirty-five multiple-choice Google Form-based survey on work-up, surgical techniques, and issues are considered in the decision-making process for mesh augmentation during minimally invasive PEH repair. Responses were graded on a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Consensus was defined as > 70% of participants agreed (agree or strongly agree) on a specific statement. Overall, 292 surgeons (86% from Europe) participated in the survey. The median age of participants was 42years (range 29-69). The median number of PEH procedures was 25/year/center (range 5-400), with 67% of participants coming from high-volume centers (> 20 procedures/year). Consensus on use of mesh was reached for intraoperative findings of large (> 50% of intrathoracic stomach) PEH (74.3%), crural gap with > 4cm distance between right and left crus (77.1%), and/or crural atrophy with < 0.5cm thickness of one or both pillars (73%), and for redo surgery (71.9%). Further, consensus was reached in defining recurrence as a combination of refractory symptoms and anatomical/radiological evidence of > 2cm hernia. This survey shows that large PEH, wide crural transverse diameter, fragile crura, and redo surgery are the most influential issues driving the decision for mesh-reinforced cruroplasty.

A Case for the Need to Improve the Unilateral Double Taxation Relief for Estate Duty in South Africa

This article aims to address a specific problem statement, namely how the unilateral relief under the Estate Duty Act can be enhanced to alleviate the potential hardship of double estate taxation on cross-border estates. Double taxation is a common occurrence when a person owns properties in more than one country, which become part of their estate at the time of death and liable for estate tax. The limited estate tax treaty network causes countries to reconsider their unilateral relief provisions under their domestic legislation. South Africa faces the same challenge under the Estate Duty Act. This article highlights the areas where clarity is needed in relation to the type of foreign death duty that may qualify for tax relief, such as the scope of qualifying foreign property, the exchange rate applicable and the date on which the conversion should be done, as well as the limitations and conditions of the unilateral relief available under the Estate Duty Act. Insights are provided that could be considered for possible amendments to the Estate Duty Act to provide greater clarity and certainty in calculating the estate duty liability payable in South Africa.

The Interplay of Language, Ideology, and Power

Language is a powerful vehicle for ideology, serving not only as a means to political ends but also as a fundamental ground for attaining and maintaining positions of power. This article explores the intricate relationship between language, ideology, politics, and power, examining how linguistic devices such as implicature are utilized to influence public perception and shape political discourse. By analyzing specific political statements, the article demonstrates how language can imply more than what is explicitly stated, subtly indoctrinating individuals or groups with certain ideological positions. It delves into the role of language in reinforcing dominant ideologies, highlighting the challenges faced by those who question these ideologies. Through this analysis, the article underscores the critical function of language in both reflecting and propagating power dynamics within society. The study also investigates the concept of linguistic determinism and its potential implications for thought control. By understanding these mechanisms, we gain insight into how language is employed to seek consent, legitimize authority, and perpetuate ideological beliefs, ultimately shaping social, political, and power structures.

The role of green marketing strategies for a competitive edge: A case study about analysis of leading green companies in Jordan

AbstractThis study aims to explore the relationship among green marketing practices, leadership commitment, and environmental performance specifically within Jordan's pharmaceutical industry. It explores the impact of green marketing strategies on the competitive advantage of leading green companies in Jordan. The limitations of this study focused on the Jordanian market, and its findings are not generalizable to other countries due to market contrasts. A quantitative approach was employed to address the research question of “to what extent” these strategies contribute. The theory of the resource‐based view (RBV) was applied to this topic because it suggests that a firm's competitive advantage and performance are primarily determined by its unique resources and capabilities. The research instrument consists of 9 factors clarifying the role of green marketing strategies in improving the competitive edge of leading green companies in Jordan. The population of this study includes all implementing managers of Jordanian leading green companies, while the sample of this study consists of 32 implementing managers. After distributing the scale to the participants of this study, their responses were collected and discussed carefully. Then, their responses were analyzed by using SPSS statistical tests. The results show a significant positive correlation between green marketing strategies and competitive edge. This indicates that leading Jordanian green companies actively gain “green marketing” initiatives to gain and maintain a competitive advantage in the market. The study concludes that embracing green marketing is crucial for Jordanian green companies to compete effectively and achieve sustained success. Novelty or originality in this research looks for specific statements that indicate to a novel theoretical approach, a new methodology, or an innovative application of existing theories, or a unique data. This adds new ideas to the knowledge of this study.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of medication use among pregnant women in Riyadh City: a cross-sectional study.

Medication use during pregnancy is limited by the scarcity of safety data for many drugs. The use of certain drugs during pregnancy can be teratogenic. Overestimating teratogenic medication risk could have serious consequences from drug non-adherence. Assessing and understanding the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medication use among pregnant women is crucial to optimizing the health of pregnant women and their fetuses. An observational cross-sectional study used convenience and snowball sampling with a self-administered online questionnaire in 562 pregnant women from Riyadh City. The questionnaire used was adapted from previously published surveys. The survey included sections on sociodemographic background, awareness of medication risks, medication use during pregnancy, sources of drug information, and statements from the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), both general and pregnancy-specific. Medication use during pregnancy was reported by 44.7%. The primary source for medication information for the majority was the physician. Over 58% indicated inadequate or inconsistent information about medication from physicians. Additionally, 65.7% confirmed not receiving sufficient or inconsistent information from pharmacists during medication dispensing. The responses to the questionnaire reveal a commendable level of knowledge and positive attitude and practice. However, variations could be found in these responses. Overall, no evident relationships were observed between predictors and responses, except in specific statements that indicated a positive association between beliefs and higher levels of education and youth. The results suggest a positive knowledge, attitude, and practice level. However, there was hesitancy and a restrictive attitude towards medication during pregnancy. The study identified inadequate education provided by healthcare professionals, thus presenting an area for improvement to enhance the safety and efficacy of medication use during pregnancy.

AN ASSERTIVE SPEECH ACTS ANALYSIS ON MEI LEE’S UTTERANCES IN TURNING RED MOVIE

This research examines Mei Lee's assertive speech acts in the Turning Red movie with the aim of identifying and categorizing them. It utilizes a qualitative descriptive method to analyse these speech acts and complements the analysis with a simple quantitative approach for numerical representation. The findings of the research reveal 53 assertive speech acts utterances by Mei in the movie, which are classified into seven types: stating, claiming, reporting, reminding, admitting, predicting, and explaining. Among these, stating is the most frequently used 19 data, followed by claiming 13 data, while explaining and admitting each occur 6 data. Predicting and reporting both appear 4 data. The dominant speech act in this study is stating, which serves the function of explaining or describing something. This followed by claiming, which asserts truths in situations where some may argue otherwise. Explaining provides clarification to enhance understanding, while suggesting recognizes the truth of specific propositions or statements. Predicting makes future-oriented statements with evidence, and reporting conveys information about events. Reminding reaffirms information to listeners who may have previously known but possibly forgotten it. Notably, the speech act of suggesting, which typically provides ideas to the listener, was not found in Mei's utterances in the Turning Red movie.

Identifying Critical Evidence Gaps in Wound Closure and Incision Management After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Delphi Panel Insights

BackgroundEffective surgical wound management in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is crucial for optimal healing and patient outcomes. Despite surgical advances, managing wounds to prevent complications remains challenging. This study aimed to identify and address evidence gaps in TKA wound management, including preoperative optimization, intraoperative options, and postoperative complication avoidance. Addressing these issues is vital for patient recovery and surgical success. MethodsThis study used the Delphi method with 20 experienced orthopedic surgeons from Europe and North America. Conducted from April to September 2023, the process involved three stages: an initial electronic survey, a virtual meeting, and a concluding electronic survey. The panel reviewed and reached a consensus on 26 statements about TKA wound management based on a comprehensive literature review. Additionally, the panel aimed to identify critical evidence gaps in wound management practices. ResultsThe panel achieved consensus on various wound management practices but highlighted significant evidence gaps. Consensus was reached on wound closure methods, including mesh-adhesive dressings, skin glue, staples, barbed sutures, and negative pressure wound therapy. However, further evidence is needed to address the cost-effectiveness of these methods and develop best practices for patient outcomes. Identifying these gaps highlights the need for more research to improve TKA wound care. ConclusionsIdentifying major evidence gaps underscores the need for targeted research in TKA wound management. Addressing these gaps is crucial for developing effective, efficient, and patient-friendly wound care strategies. Future research should focus on comparative effectiveness studies and developing guidelines for emerging technologies. Bridging these gaps could improve patient outcomes, reduce complications, and enhance TKA surgery success.

국가 교육과정에서 지역 교육과정 개발을 위한 지침 설계 방안 탐색

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the case of Finland’s 2014 National Core Curriculum in order to draw implications for the design of guidelines for the development of local curriculum within the national curriculum framework. [Methods] The Finnish 2014 national curriculum Document(Basic Education), related materials from the Finnish National Board of Education, and the Helsinki curriculum Document(Basic Education) as an example of a local curriculum were analyzed in this study. This study examined the local participation in the national curriculum reform process, the characteristics of the guidelines for local curriculum presented in the national curriculum documents, and how these guidelines have guided local curriculum. [Results] This study revealed the following. First, the revision of the Finnish national curriculum sought to ensure local participation in the process, both internally and externally. Second, the Finnish 2014 national curriculum foregrounded the significance of local curriculum, with each chapter of the document detailing issues to be decided locally. Third, in the case of the Helsinki curriculum, the guidelines for local curriculum set out in the Finnish 2014 national curriculum functioned to help local actors articulate local perspectives to complement the content of the national curriculum. [Conclusion] Based on the results, the study discussed the need to strengthen the procedural participation of the local actors in the next national curriculum revision process, the need to include specific detailed statements in the national curriculum to support the development of the local curriculum, and the need to rethink the way local curriculum documents are organized.

Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Berdasarkan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (SAK-EMKM) Studi Kasus Pada UMKM Jeje Collection

Business Development in Indonesia is currently running rapidly. One type of business that is currently developing in Indonesia is micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME). MSME are one of the drivers of the national economy and play an important role in the Indonesian economy because they can stimulate and improve the economy in a sustainable and sustainable manner. SAK-EMKM is the basis for preparing financial statements using primary data. From the results of research conducted at Jeje Collection MSME, it can be seen that the financial statements prepared and presented by Jeje Collection MSME are still very simple and not in accordance with SAK-EMKM because MSME owners do not understand the specific financial statement standards for MSME, after applying the Jeje Collection MSME financial statements based on SAK-EMKM as a whole, prepared and presented with the same amount. The application of financial statements in accordance with SAK-EMKM presents financial statements consisting of three components, namely the statement of financial position, income statement, and notes to financial statements (NOFS).

Post-publication research integrity concerns in randomized clinical trials: A scoping review of the literature.

Post-publication handling of integrity concerns in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is a contentious matter. We undertook a scoping systematic review to map the literature regarding post-publication integrity issues in RCTs. Following prospective registration (https://osf.io/pgxd8) we initially searched PubMed and Scopus but subsequently extended it to include the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases without language, article type or publication time restriction until November 2022. Reviewers independently selected published articles covering any aspect of post-publication research integrity concerns in RCTs. The study findings grouped within domains relating to issues concerning post-publication integrity were extracted in duplicate, verified by a third reviewer, and then tabulated. The initial search captured 3159 citations, of which 89 studies were included in the review. Cross-sectional studies constituted the majority of included studies (n = 34, 38.2%), followed by systematic reviews (n = 10, 11.2%), methodology reviews/studies (n = 9, 10.1%) and other types of descriptive studies (n = 8, 9.0%). A total of 21 articles (23.6%) covered the domain on general issues, 25 (28.1%) in the journal's instructions and policies domain, eight (9.0%) in the editorial and peer review domain, one (1.1%) in the correspondence and complaints (post-publication peer review) domain, 12 (13.5%) in the investigation for concerns domain, six (6.7%) in the post-investigation decisions and sanctions domain, none in the critical appraisal guidance domain, five (5.6%) in the integrity assessment in systematic reviews domain, and 26 (29.2%) in the recommendations for future research domain. A total of 12 of the selected articles (13.5%) covered two (n = 9) or three (n = 3) different domains. Various research integrity domains and issues covering post-publication aspects of RCT integrity were captured and gaps were identified, mostly related with the necessary implications for all stakeholders to improve research transparency. There is an urgent need for a multistakeholder consensus towards creating specific statements for addressing post-publication integrity concerns in RCTs.

New quality outcome indicators for bone metastases: expert consensus analysis of patients, their families and specialist healthcare professionals

ObjectivesAs workload increases, surgical care for patients with bone metastases is increasingly decentralised, with a shift in management away from primary bone tumour units to local centres. We must ensure...

How constructive is that feedback? Associations with undergraduates’ future time perspectives moderated by student characteristics’

Beliefs about the future, instantiated as a learner’s future time perspective, have been largely overlooked in the research on the connection between feedback and motivation. Because feedback statements vary in their level of specificity and friendliness (a commonly reported distinction between peer-provided and instructor-provided feedback), we were interested in the interplay between such feedback characteristics and learners’ future time perspective. With 392 U.S. undergraduates, we investigated how future time perspective (specifically, its valence and connectedness) affected whether learners perceived as constructive feedback statements that varied in specificity and friendliness, and whether gender and academic discipline would influence these perceptions. Future time perspective connectedness was positively associated with perceptions of feedback constructiveness for specific statements but was negatively related to constructiveness for unspecific statements. Valence was positively correlated with feedback constructiveness for unspecific statements. Although no differences in academic discipline were found, gender effects emerged. Implications for peer feedback are discussed.

Systematic review with expert consensus on use of extracorporeal hemoadsorption in septic shock: An Indian perspective.

Septic shock is a severe form of sepsis characterised by deterioration in circulatory and cellular-metabolic parameters. Despite standard therapy, the outcomes are poor. Newer adjuvant therapy, such as CytoSorb® extracorporeal haemoadsorption device, has been investigated and shown promising outcome. However, there is a lack of some guidance to make clinical decisions on the use of CytoSorb® haemoadsorption as an adjuvant therapy in septic shock in Indian Setting. Therefore, this expert consensus was formulated. To formulate/establish specific consensus statements on the use of CytoSorb® haemoadsorption treatment based on the best available evidence and contextualised to the Indian scenario. We performed a comprehensive literature on CytoSorb® haemoadsorption in sepsis, septic shock in PubMed selecting papers published between January 2011 and March 2023 2021 in English language. The statements for a consensus document were developed based on the summarised literature analysis and identification of knowledge gaps. Using a modified Delphi approach combining evidence appraisal and expert opinion, the following topics related to CytoSorb® in septic shock were addressed: need for adjuvant therapy, initiation timeline, need for Interleukin -6 levels, duration of therapy, change of adsorbers, safety, prerequisite condition, efficacy endpoints and management flowchart. Eleven expert members from critical care, emergency medicine, and the intensive care participated and voted on nine statements and one open-ended question. Eleven expert members from critical care, emergency medicine, and the intensive care participated and voted on nine statements and one open-ended question. All 11 experts in the consensus group (100%) participated in the first, second and third round of voting. After three iterative voting rounds and adapting two statements, consensus was achieved on nine statements out of nine statements. The consensus expert panel also recognised the necessity to form an association or society that can keep a registry regarding the use of CytoSorb® for all indications in the open-ended question (Q10) focusing on "future recommendations for CytoSorb® therapy". This Indian perspective consensus statement supports and provides guidance on the use of CytoSorb® haemoadsorption as an adjuvant treatment in patients with septic shock to achieve optimal outcomes.

How well can people observe the flow state of temporary streams?

Even though more than half of the global river network does not have continuous flow, temporary (i.e., non-perennial) streams are poorly represented in traditional monitoring networks. Therefore, new approaches are needed to monitor these streams. Citizen science provides an interesting opportunity as people, equipped with smartphones, can observe the flow state of temporary streams. Such observations can go beyond a simple classification of flow vs. no flow and include ecologically important states, such as standing water, isolated pools, or wet streambeds. However, the quality of citizen science data for temporary streams has so far not been thoroughly assessed. Therefore, we asked more than 1,200 people during 23 field days to visually determine the flow state of eight temporary streams based on six classes ranging from a dry streambed to flowing water. Participants could most clearly distinguish a flowing stream from a non-flowing stream. The overall agreement between participants was 66%; 83% of the selected flow states were within one class of the most frequently selected flow state. The agreement with the expert was lower (56% chose the same class, and 79% chose a state within one class). Inconsistencies between the selected flow state and answers to specific yes-no statements about the temporary stream were largest for the dry streambed and damp/wet streambed states. These discrepancies were partly caused by participants looking at different parts of the stream (i.e., participants considered the flow state for a location further upstream or downstream). To ensure that all participants determine the flow state comparably, we recommend clear definitions of the flow state classes, detailed information on the exact location for which the flow state needs to be determined, as well as more training.

P934 A delphi consensus on the optimisation of medical and surgical therapy in perianal fistulising Crohn’s disease, targeted at individual TOpCLASS classification groups

Abstract Background Perianal fistulising Crohn’s Disease (PFCD) is a challenging phenotype of IBD associated with poor outcomes. Classically, fistulae have been classified anatomically and guidelines have been generalised, with a lack of appreciation of disease heterogenicity. The recent ‘TOpCLASS classification system’ (Geldof et al. (2022) - figure below) addresses this and categorises patients based on clinical features and patient goals. There is a need to provide management guidance for PFCD that aligns with this approach, targeting differing PFCD manifestations seen in real-life. We present a consensus exercise delivering that guidance. Methods Position statements on ‘optimal’ PFCD management within the TOpCLASS classes were made via a consensus meeting in Apr 2023. The expert panel were members of the TOpCLASS Consortium, a group of PFCD specialists and researchers. This included 15 surgeons and 16 gastroenterologists, from IBD centres in Europe, North America, and Australia. Prior to the meeting, to inform provisional statements: 1) a systematic review of the literature was conducted (Oct 2021), 2) multidisciplinary team responses on the management of fictional PFCD cases from 8 leading IBD centres were obtained, and 3) an open discussion on PFCD management with the expert panel was conducted. Consensus was predefined as ≥80% ‘strongly agree’ [A+] or ‘agree with minor reservation’ [A]. Results 53 position statements were agreed by the expert panel. For Class 1 (minimal, asymptomatic) disease the panel agreed, given the lack of symptoms, there is no role for seton insertion (A+ 50%, A 50%), and no role for routine MRI monitoring in the absence of new fistula symptoms (A+ 46%, A 54%). Regarding Class 2 (chronic, symptomatic) disease, the panel agreed on detailed guidance for when fistulae are suitable for a repair attempt and where differing surgical modalities are best utilised in fistula repair. Additionally, statements on seton removal in PFCD were made, alongside statements on optimised medical therapy in Class 2 patients. Specifically, the panel suggest Infliximab first-line (A+ 80%, A 20%), ideally commenced within 30 days of initial drainage +/- seton insertion (A+ 100%). Statements were also produced regarding second-line options, topical therapy, and loss of response to biologics in PFCD. Specific statements were also developed for Class 2b, 2c-i, 2c-ii, and 4 disease, as well as on the psychological burden of PFCD. Conclusion The generated statements come from a highly expert Western group of PFCD specialists. We believe they provide pragmatic advice to gastroenterologists and IBD surgeons managing the full breadth of PFCD encountered in day-to-day practice.

Developing an initial set of quality indicators for chiropractic care: a scoping review

BackgroundQuality indicators are standardized, evidence-based measures of health care quality. Currently, there is no basic set of quality indicators for chiropractic care published in peer-reviewed literature. The goal of this research is to develop a preliminary set of quality indicators, measurable with administrative data.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review searching PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Index to Chiropractic Literature databases. Eligible articles were published after 2011, in English, developing/reporting best practices and clinical guidelines specifically developed for, or directly applicable to, chiropractic care. Eligible non-peer-reviewed sources such as quality measures published by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the Royal College of Chiropractors quality standards were also included. Following a stepwise eligibility determination process, data abstraction identified specific statements from included sources that can conceivably be measured with administrative data. Once identified, statements were transformed into potential indicators by: 1) Generating a brief title and description; 2) Documenting a source; 3) Developing a metric; and 4) Assigning a Donabedian category (structure, process, outcome). Draft indicators then traversed a 5-step assessment: 1) Describes a narrowly defined structure, process, or outcome; 2) Quantitative data can conceivably be available; 3) Performance is achievable; 4) Metric is relevant; 5) Data are obtainable within reasonable time limits. Indicators meeting all criteria were included in the final set.ResultsLiterature searching revealed 2562 articles. After removing duplicates and conducting eligibility determination, 18 remained. Most were clinical guidelines (n = 10) and best practice recommendations (n = 6), with 1 consensus and 1 clinical standards development study. Data abstraction and transformation produced 204 draft quality indicators. Of those, 57 did not meet 1 or more assessment criteria. After removing duplicates, 70 distinct indicators remained. Most indicators matched the Donabedian category of process (n = 35), with 31 structure and 4 outcome indicators. No sources were identified to support indicator development from patient perspectives.ConclusionsThis article proposes a preliminary set of 70 quality indicators for chiropractic care, theoretically measurable with administrative data and largely obtained from electronic health records. Future research should assess feasibility, achieve stakeholder consensus, develop additional indicators including those considering patient perspectives, and study relationships with clinical outcomes.Trial registrationOpen Science Framework, https://osf.io/t7kgm

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran SICABOX Materi Sifat-sifat Cahaya untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Ilmiah Siswa

Scientific thinking involves a process of combining induction and deduction. Induction involves drawing specific statements to make general conclusions, while deduction involves drawing general statements to make specific conclusions. The research method used in this study is the research and development method, also known as development research. According to Sukmadinata, research and development is a research approach to produce a new product or improve existing products. With tools like SICABOX media, students can better understand the properties of light. SICABOX media can also improve the effectiveness and efficiency of learning. The presence of SICABOX media makes students more enthusiastic and eager to learn.

How experts and novices judge other people’s knowledgeability from language use

How accurate are people in judging someone else’s knowledge based on their language use, and do more knowledgeable people use different cues to make these judgments? We address this by recruiting a group of participants (“informants”) to answer general knowledge questions and describe various images belonging to different categories (e.g., cartoons, basketball). A second group of participants (“evaluators”) also answer general knowledge questions and decide who is more knowledgeable within pairs of informants, based on these descriptions. Evaluators perform above chance at identifying the most knowledgeable informants (65% with only one description available). The less knowledgeable evaluators base their decisions on the number of specific statements, regardless of whether the statements are true or false. The more knowledgeable evaluators treat true and false statements differently and penalize the knowledge they attribute to informants who produce specific yet false statements. Our findings demonstrate the power of a few words when assessing others’ knowledge and have implications for how misinformation is processed differently between experts and novices.